View source for ARCHIVED - RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Systems

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! style="background-color: orange;" | Editor's note
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| style="color: black; background-color: #ffffcc; width: 75%;text-align:left" |  This page is an <u>archived version</u> of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for SBS Modified Bitumen Membrane Systems.  The Standards shown on this page are preserved for reference only and are not applicable to Projects bid after November 30, 2018.  For current RoofStar Guarantee Standards, refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=RoofStar_Guarantee_Standards_for_SBS_Modified_Bitumen_Membrane_Systems RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Membrane Systems] page in the '''Roofing Practices Manual'''.
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<div class="panel panel-primary">
  <div class="panel-heading"><big>'''How to use the Guarantee Standards section'''</big></div>
  <div class="panel-body">
'''This section contains the Standards, Guiding Principles, Recommendations and reference materials necessary for the design and installation of a roof qualifying for a RoofStar Guarantee.'''

All relevant Standards for the selection and application of materials necessary to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' are found in this section.  Readers are advised to review relevant materials that can be accessed through the links available in the body of text or embedded in section titles; these are shown in <span style="color:#0000ff">'''blue font'''</span>.  Subsection titles shown in blue indicate links to more relevant material that the reader is advised to consult.

Content in this section is colour-coded according to four classes: 
::'''Guarantee Standards'''
::<div class="principles">'''Guiding Principles'''</div> 
::<div class="recommended">'''Recommendations'''</div>
::<div class="reference">'''Reference materials'''</div>  

To hide or reveal classes of text, use the buttons at the bottom of the page.  '''''Guarantee Standards''''' always remain visible

For definitions of these terms of reference, click [[Template:Text Classification|'''here''']].
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== GENERAL REQUIREMENTS == 
'''NOTE''': See also [[Low-slope Membranes|'''Low-slope Membranes''']] for additional application notes and cautions.
=== Roof Slope ===
All new construction roofs must have positive slope to drain. 

<span class="recommended">In re-roof projects, crickets and saddles should be provided to assist drainage</span>.

For single-ply SBS roof systems, a minimum slope 1:15 (3/4" in 12")is required. Any roof areas less than 1:15 (3/4" in 12") require 2 ply membrane assemblies.

<span class="recommended">A minimum slope of 1:50 (l/4" in 12") is strongly recommended, and should provide positive slope to drain</span> (positive slope to drain is required for a '''''RoofStar 5-Year Roofing Guarantee''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-Year Roofing Guarantee''''' for new construction). <span class="reference">Positive slope to drain is attained when no standing water remains on the deck within a reasonable amount of time after rainfall stops during days with conditions that permit evaporation.</span>

<span class="principles">Slope can be provided by sloping the deck, or using tapered insulation boards of insulating fill (insulating fill is rarely used in B.C.).</span>  <span class="principles">Drain wells that are designed to collect water and provide a flat surface for the installation of roof drains do not require a slope. Therefore standing water may remain in drain wells for a longer period after a rainfall stops.</span>

<p class="principles">Crickets and saddles should be employed between drains where the design slope of the roof is less than 1:50 (1/4" in 12"), where the roof deck is uneven and ponding may occur, or simply to assist the movement of water to drains.</p>

<p class="recommended">In re-roof applications, when utilizing 2 ply modified asphalt membranes, there is no requirement for slope to drain. However, slope is strongly recommended.</p>

===Quality Control===

<p class="reference">As with all flexible membranes, the quality of the installation is critical to the performance of bituminous and modified bituminous membranes.  Although some of the application techniques for these membranes can be similar to those employed in built-up roofing, and the materials can be &#8220;familiar&#8221;, the differences are critical.  It is important that the specifications, details, and installation techniques all conform to the membrane manufacturer's requirements.</p>

One of the major concerns when applying these membranes with hot asphalt is to ensure the asphalt remains hot enough to fuse with the binder of the membrane.   The asphalt temperature must conform to the membrane manufacturer's minimum application temperature and minimum +205&#176;C (+400&#176;F) as required by '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards'''''.  Install modified bituminous membrane systems with conventional Type 3 or 4 oxidized asphalt or Type 3 or 4 SEBS modified asphalt (see also [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#MEMBRANES|'''9 MEMBRANES''']]).  <span class="principles">Asphalt should not be mopped more than 1 m (3') preceding the roll as it has been demonstrated that the temperature of mopped asphalt drops sharply once mopped out (read more in [[BUR Materials|'''Built-up Roofing (BUR) Materials''']]).</span>  <span class="recommended">In addition to asphalt temperature, particular attention should be paid to slope limitations, fastening requirements, type of asphalt, the amount of asphalt used, and membrane flashing requirements when using hot asphalt.</span> <span class="reference">Some manufacturers may require "torched" membrane flashing to ensure a proper bond and prevent problems with slippage or asphalt running down the vertical and collecting at the cant.  Slippage can also be a problem when an excessive amount of asphalt is used.  Only enough asphalt to meet the adhesive requirements is needed.  The mopping asphalt has a lower softening point than the bitumen in the membrane and may result in asphalt running and slippage problems.</span>

====Torch-applied Membrane Systems====
<span class="recommended">The major concern when installing "torch-on" membranes is an obvious one:  SAFETY.  This is discussed in detail in the</span> [[SBS Special Applications|'''SBS Special Applications''']] <span class="recommended">section of this Manual.  In addition to safety, it is essential that the membrane be fully and evenly bonded to the substrate.  As the roll is installed, the roofer must ensure the full width of the roll is melted and the preceding roll's side lap is preheated.  A small "wave" or "bead" of melted bitumen in front of the roll usually indicates sufficient heat.  Special attention to seams is required.</span>

<span class="reference">The polyester fabric used as reinforcing in many thermofusible "torch-on" membranes is subject to dimensional changes at high temperatures.  Care must be exercised by the applicator not to over-torch or over-heat membranes.  Membranes must be designed and manufactured specifically for torch applications.</span>  <span class="recommended">  It is <b>recommended</b> that the cap sheet installation immediately follow base sheet installation in all cases.  However, when it may be necessary to delay the installation of the cap sheet due to weather, project scheduling or the like, then the following criteria must be considered:</span>

* <p class="principles"><b>ANY</b> delay in the installation of a cap sheet will result in the requirement for a special inspection and thorough cleaning of the base sheet.  The inspection is for mechanical damage from traffic or trades and cleaning is necessary to ensure good adhesion; this must be done to the satisfaction of the roofing contractor.</p>

<span class="reference">Base sheets which are either sanded, glaze coated or thermofusible can be exposed for up to six months.</span>  <span class="principles">It must be recognized that an exposed base sheet is vulnerable to mechanical damage and construction dirt.  The base sheet should be well protected by carefully placed and maintained protection panels (plywood for example).  This protection would be supplied, installed and removed by someone other than the roofing contractor.</span>
   
Consult manufacturer(s) for specific construction details and specifications.

====Cold-applied Membrane Systems====

<p class="reference">See [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSCOLD|'''8.3.6 Cold-applied (Adhered) Membranes''']].
</p>

====Hot-mopped Membrane Systems====
<p class="reference">The design authority should recognize that the appearance of wrinkling and ridging in modified bitumen cap sheets applied in hot asphalt <u>may</u> be generic to certain manufacturers of this system, and particularly when attempted in cooler temperatures.  Although some manufacturers' literature suggests application may take place in temperatures as low as -25&#176;C (-13&#176;F), there are many subsequent limitations, the variables of which may result occasionally in severe wrinkling or ridging of the cap sheet as well as potentially poor adhesion.</p>

<p class="recommended">The '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' ''recommends'' that, in order to minimize the potential for wrinkling and ridging, the use of <b>mopped</b> cap sheets <b>not be considered</b> or specified when ambient temperatures (including wind chill) may go below +5&#176;C (+41&#176;F).</p>

<span class="reference">Many factors affect the behaviour of the finished prefabricated sheets including:</span>
:* <span class="reference">The quality of the binder (waterproofing agent).</span>
:* <span class="reference">The choice of carrier including suppliers of fibreglass, polyester, or a combination of the two.</span>
:* <span class="reference">Saturation of the carrier.</span>
:* <span class="reference">Engineering of the sheet (composition and placement of the components within the sheet).</span>
:* <span class="reference">Quality control of the manufacturer.</span>
:* <span class="reference">Expertise of the manufacturer's personnel (including field representation).</span>
:* <span class="reference">Recommendations as to what is required for a completed system and the recommended application procedure.</span>
:* <span class="reference">Installation in the field by a <b>competent</b> contractor.</span>
:* <span class="reference">The designer's role in choosing the product(s) which satisfy each previous item described.</span>

<p class="reference">The wrinkles or ridges are usually considered an aesthetic problem only, but may occasionally result in fishmouthing and intermittent bonding of the cap sheet.  Both of these deficiencies affect the performance of the membrane.</p>

<span class="recommended">The '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' <b>recommends</b> the use of <b>torch applied</b> thermofusible cap sheets in 2-ply modified bitumen systems <b>in all cases</b>, but particularly if roofing must be carried out in cool or cold weather.  Appropriate safety precautions regarding torching must be addressed.</span>

<p class="reference">NOTE: Occasionally some mopped systems, particularly with heavy cap sheets, have exhibited a propensity for membrane slippage, frequently on insulated systems where there is a combination of slope, heavy inter-ply mopping and lack of mechanical fastening (back nailing) of sheets.  See [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSMECHAN|'''8.3.4 "Mechanically Attached" membranes ''']] for requirements and slope limitations.</p>

<p class="reference">It is also common for <b>mopped</b> systems to exhibit some asphalt bleed-out at the seams.  Minimal or reasonable bleed-out is to be expected and is an aesthetic problem which may be minimized by the embedment of matching granules.  Bleed-out which oxidizes and alligators with time does not normally affect the waterproofing efficiency of the roof.</p>

=== Re-covering or Retrofitting ===

Retrofitting over existing membrane is permitted only in specific circumstances and only when approved in writing by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' (Technical Manager) and the membrane manufacturer.

For '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards'''''' pertaining to wind uplift resistance, refer to [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSWIND|'''Wind Uplift Design and CSA A123.21''']] below.

=== Tying Into Existing Roofing ===

Where a new roof is tied-in to an existing roof, the two areas must be isolated and separated by a curb joint properly attached to the structure and properly flashed. If job conditions do not allow for a curb joint, written permission must be obtained from the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' (Technical Manager) to eliminate curb joints.  Where a curb joint is eliminated with consent from the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', a positive water cut-off must be installed to the deck to isolate the existing roof from the new roof.

<hr>

==ROOF DECKS==
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| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Roof Decks|'''Roof Decks''']] in Section B: Essential Elements.
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=== General ===
The roof deck must be designed to serve two major functions:
* As a structural component to transfer the weight of live and dead loads to supporting members. Live loads include construction equipment and workers, rain, snow, and ice. Dead loads include the deck itself, the roofing system, HVAC units and, possibly, landscaping. Most decks must also act as a diaphragm, transmitting wind or seismic lateral forces to the buildings structural framework.
* As a suitable substrate to which the roof membrane or roof system is attached. 
<br>
Prior to the application of the roof system, the deck must be smooth, straight, and free of "humps" or depressions.  These can counteract any sloped insulation systems installed by the roofing contractor and cause ponding.  On new construction projects, this is usually provided by the general contractor with review by the design authority and/or the building authority having jurisdiction.

The use of EPDM membranes in loose laid ballasted or loose laid protected membrane assemblies over concrete decks is '''not''' permitted '''unless''' a membrane underlay (recommended in writing by the membrane manufacturer) is installed. 

In addition, the roof deck must comply with several guiding principles, to be acceptable for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''':

* <span class="principles">For low slope (membrane roof or waterproofing systems) it should provide positive slope to drain</span> (required for a '''''RoofStar 5-Year Roofing Guarantee''''', '''''RoofStar 10-Year Roofing Guarantee''''', or a '''''RoofStar 5-Year Waterproofing Guarantee''''' for new construction and for organic felt membrane systems when re-roofing). <span class="principles">Positive slope to drain is attained when no standing water remains on the deck within a reasonable amount of time after rainfall stops during days with conditions that permit evaporation. Where required, crickets and saddles should be provided to assist drainage. Slope can be provided by sloping the deck, or using tapered insulation boards or insulating fill (insulating fill is rarely used in B.C.). Tapered slope insulation products can only be used to provide slope if any differences from level in the roof deck are less than the percentage of slope provided by the insulation.</span>  <span class="recommended">A minimum slope of 1:50 (1/4" in 12") is strongly recommended. The exception is often drain wells that are designed to collect water and provide a flat surface for the installation of roof drains.</span>  <span class="principles">Therefore, standing water may remain in drain wells for a longer period of time after a rainfall stops</span>. 
* <span class="principles">It should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating roof system component movement.</span>
* <p class="principles">Deck deflections should be limited to 1/240 of the total span, but must conform to the Building Code. For plywood decks, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program Standards''''' limit the allowable deck deflection to 1/360 of the total span to prevent differential edge movement. Concentrated, non-uniform construction loads should be considered during design. Drains should be located at points of maximum deflection whenever possible, not over columns or bearing walls.  Building settlement can often cause slopes to change and low spots to appear on the roof surface.</p>

<p class="principles">Prior to the commencement of roofing, any curbs, cants and blocking that are to be installed by others, should be in place.</p>

===Deck Types===
==== Wood Decks ====
Wood is a common construction material that has been used for many years because of its economy, ease of fabrication, lighter construction, and ready availability. Acceptable wood roof decks may include wood board decks, plywood decks, and, subject to restrictions, non-veneered wood decks (oriented strand board, waferboard, etc.). <span class="principles">All types of wood decks should be roofed promptly after installation.</span>

All wood decks shall be properly fastened to BC Building Code requirements. With the exception of standard insulated roof systems, all knots or cracks shall be covered with metal prior to acceptance of deck surface.  This work is to be done by others.  <span class="principles">Non-veneer (O.S.B. or wafer board) panels are acceptable sheathing for decks with low-slope roofing applications, provided the roofing membrane is not fully adhered directly to the panels.</span>  The minimum plywood or non-veneer (O.S.B or wafer board) deck thickness for low-slope roofing (i.e., membrane roofing) shall be a minimum 12.7 mm (½") and as indicated in the applicable Building Code.

<p class="principles">All types of wood decks should be roofed promptly after installation.</p>

Differential edge movements or deflection in excess of 1/360 of the span in plywood or non-veneer decks in low slope roofing must be prevented by: 
* solid blocking under non-supported edges, and /or 
* use of tongue-and-groove plywood with non-grooved edges supported by joists or solid blocking, and / or 
* when rigid insulation is over the deck, properly sized and installed H-clips must be used on the unsupported edges.

===== '''Wood Board Decks''' =====
<p class="reference">Wood board decks include tongue-and-groove, shiplapped, or splined boards or planks usually ranging from 19 mm to 89 mm (nominal 1" to 4") thickness.  Also 38 mm (nominal 2") by various width boards, placed on end, can be spiked together to form a &#8220;mill deck&#8221;. The thickness of the boards is determined by the anticipated loads and spacing of roof joists or trusses (consult Building Code).</p>

<p class="principles">Wood board decks should be of sound seasoned lumber, properly secured to supporting structure. The deck should form a firm smooth surface, free from knotholes, cracks, projections, depressions and other defects. Prior to the roofing contractor's acceptance of the deck, minor knotholes and cracks should be covered with securely nailed sheet metal (performed by others).</p>

<span class="principles">Wood board decks, especially mill decks, often have so many surface defects that a plywood overlay is desirable (9.5 mm (⅜") plywood is often acceptable).</span>  Where a plywood overlay is not required, a mechanically fastened base sheet or separator sheet is required for built-up roofs or fully-adhered bituminous or modified bituminous flexible roofing membranes. For non-bituminous flexible membranes (elastomeric or plastomeric membranes such as EPDM or PVC), a slip sheet or separator sheet should be installed according to membrane manufacturer's recommendations. Separation sheets, slip sheets, and mechanically fastened base sheets are installed to help relieve stresses in the membrane due to movement of the deck.

===== '''Plywood Decks''' =====
<span class="reference">Plywood roof decks consist of exterior type plywood mechanically fastened to the roof framing.</span> <span class="principles">The plywood panels should conform to CSA 0121, &#8220;Douglas Fir Plywood&#8221;, CSA 0151, &#8220;Canadian Softwood Plywood&#8221;, or CSA 0153, &#8220;Poplar Plywood&#8221;, as per Building Code requirements.</span>

These thickness / span ratios will minimize deck deflection, especially with construction loads, and will provide a better surface for nailing as the bouncing effect of thin plywood&#8217;s is reduced.

For low slope roofing (e.g. BUR), plywood must be minimum 12.7 mm (1/2") thick unless mechanically attached rigid insulation is installed prior to the roofing membrane. The minimum centres for supporting members are:
:* 400 mm (16") for 12.7 mm (1/2") plywood sheathing
:* 600 mm (24") for 15.9 mm (5/8") plywood sheathing
For low-slope roofing, differential edge movement and deflection in excess of 1/360 of the span must be prevented by:

:* solid blocking under non-supported edges, and / or
:* use of tongue-and-groove plywood with non-grooved edges supported by joists or solid blocking, and / or
:* when rigid insulation is over the deck, properly sized and installed H-clips should be used on the unsupported edges.

Plywood roof sheathing should be installed with the surface grain at right angles to the roof framing, with end joints staggered.

<span class="principles">Plywood decks receiving roofing directly applied to the deck should be attached using wood screws or nails which are especially resistant to pull-out or nail popping, particularly when using a single-ply membrane (i.e., use ring-type or ardox; smooth common nails are not acceptable).</span> <span class="reference">Nail popping is usually caused by a combination of thermal and structural movement and is especially critical where the membrane is directly adhered to the deck.</span>  <span class="principles">All fasteners should have a corrosion-resistant coating (such as galvanizing). The structural suitability of the fastener is the responsibility of the design authority.</span>

===== '''Non-veneer Wood Decks''' =====
<p class="reference">Non-veneer panels are identified as waferboard or oriented strand board (OSB) panels, as opposed to plywood or veneered panels.</p>

Non-veneer (O.S.B. or waferboard) panels are acceptable decks on low-slope roofing applications when an approved separation sheet or rigid insulation is mechanically attached before fully adhered roofing membrane is applied.

==== Concrete Decks ====
<p class="reference">Concrete roof decks include decks that are cast-in-place or pre-cast, and structural or non-structural in nature. Although this roof deck category includes numerous variations (discussed later), many of the precautions involved with roofing over them are similar.</p>

<p class="principles">The finished surface of the deck should be smooth, level, and free of moisture or frost. All ridges or projections should be removed; and curbs, cants, blocking, and nailing strips should be installed where required prior to the roofing contractor's acceptance of the deck. With cast-in-place decks, special care must be taken to ensure that the deck is cured for 28 days and that the surface is dry. (A simple test for determining whether the deck is dry enough for roofing is to apply hot asphalt to the deck; if it foams or is easily peeled off after it cools, the deck is too wet.) Pre-cast decks may require joints to be &#8220;taped&#8221; or stripped-in with felts, and the joints, weld plates, and elevation differences to be feathered with grout.</p>

Concrete decks, curbs and equipment pads must be clean, dry, and smooth prior to commencement of roofing. 

Poured concrete or lightweight concrete decks are not to be roofed for a minimum of 28 days after pouring unless expressly instructed in writing by the Project Structural Engineer.

<p class="reference">Although some concrete decks are considered &#8220;nailable&#8221;, insulation is most commonly attached by using proprietary adhesives, or by applying hot asphalt over a primed deck. In the latter case, the asphalt is mopped to the deck and allowed to cool to the point where the insulation is not melted, but is still sufficiently bonded to the deck.</p>

<p class="principles">Built-up roof membranes can be directly adhered to both cast-in-place decks and, provided precautions are taken, to pre-cast decks. Vented base sheets may be used to provide semi-adherence to the roof deck.</p>

<span class="reference">Concrete roof decks include:</span>
* <span class="reference">Cast-in-place reinforced concrete</span>
* <span class="reference">Pre-cast concrete panels</span>
* <span class="reference">Pre-stressed concrete</span>
* <span class="reference">Lightweight insulating concrete</span>
* <p class="reference">Poured gypsum concrete</p>

<p class="reference">A cast-in-place reinforced concrete roof deck is produced by pouring concrete into formwork containing reinforcing steel bars or welded steel mesh. The surface of deck should be screeded and trowelled to provide a smooth, level surface. Caution should be exercised when using certain curing agents and techniques. Curing agents may not be compatible with roofing materials and some curing techniques do not allow the deck to dry sufficiently.</p> 

<p class="reference">Pre-cast concrete-panel roof decks consist of manufactured panels designed to span between beams or load-bearing walls. They are available in the following cross-sectional shapes: single &#8220;T&#8221;, double &#8220;T&#8221;, solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, inverted channels, and tongue-and-groove planks. Metal plates may be installed to provide a welded structural connection and lateral bracing.</p>

<p class="reference">Pre-stressed concrete roof decks consist of concrete (usually pre-cast panels) that is pre-stressed using integral steel tendon reinforcement. The unit is compressed to counteract flexural tensile stresses which usually result in a cambered unit (a slight curve that results in the centre of the unit being higher than the supporting ends). The camber will usually flatten once the structure is loaded.</p>

<p class="reference">Lightweight insulating concrete roof decks and fills consist of concrete mixtures that have vermiculite or perlite as insulating aggregates, or they may also be produced by mixing pre-generated foam with Portland cement and water. This type of deck is usually designed for application over steel decks, corrugated metal forms, or bulb-tee or formboard systems. The concrete mixture is placed and screeded on site. Usually these mixes use a very high water / cement ratio and may require a lengthy cure time and a vented base sheet because of high moisture content. Vented base sheets provide a path for moisture vapour to vent to an appropriate point where the vapour may be released.</p>

<p class="reference">Poured gypsum concrete roof decks consist of a mixture of gypsum concrete, wood fibres or mineral aggregate, and water. The mixture is poured into formboards that contain welded or woven galvanized wire fabric. The formboards are left in place and may provide the finished interior surface.</p>

==== Steel Decks ====
<p class="reference">Steel roof decks are constructed of light gauge (usually 22, 20, or 18 gauge) cold-rolled steel sections (panels) that are usually galvanized. In cross-section the panels are ribbed, with the ribs usually spaced at 150 mm (6") on centre. The ribs provide the strength and rigidity of the panels. Steel decks are generally supported by open-web steel joist framing and are welded or mechanically-fastened to the framework. Steel deck panels must be properly aligned, squarely intersect walls, and provide a smooth level surface for roofing.</p>

<span class="principles">For insulated roof assemblies, a thermal barrier may be required to conform with Building Code or fire insurance-rated assemblies. This is usually required where the insulation is classified as combustible.</span> Uninsulated systems require a leveling underlay for the membrane. Gypsum board may serve both purposes (thermal barrier & level surface).

<span class="principles">Minimum thickness of insulations should be checked carefully to ensure that the material can safely span the flutes.</span> The insulation or insulation overlay must be mechanically-fastened to the deck, unless it is a ballasted system.

'''<u>Corrosion Protection For New Steel Roof Decks</u>'''

<p class="recommended">When steel roof decks are specified, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' recommends that the design authority specify the decking be factory-galvanized or factory-coated with aluminum zinc alloy for corrosion protection.</p>

<p class="principles">When specifying galvanized protection (in the section of the specifications addressing metal decking), the design authority should specify a coating that complies with ASTM A 525 Class G-60 or Class G-90. A G-90 coating provides greater corrosion protection than a G-60 coating (the ASTM specification previously identified G-60 as &#8220;light commercial&#8221; and G-90 as &#8220;commercial&#8221;).</p>

<p class="principles">When specifying aluminium zinc alloy protection (in the section of the specification addressing metal decking), the design authority should specify a coating that complies with ASTM A 792. An aluminum zinc alloy coating provides greater corrosion protection than a G-90 galvanized coating.</p>

<p class="principles">'''NOTE''':  The above recommendation applies to most buildings. However, in highly corrosive or chemical atmospheres, special care in specifying protective finishes should be taken, and individual deck manufacturers should be contacted.</p>

=== Roof Expansion Joints ===
(See '''[[Section:G. Construction Details|Construction Details]]''' to view the illustrated application of '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for various membrane assemblies)

<p class="reference">Roof expansion joints are designed to prevent membrane splitting and ridging (caused by either movement of the building, or movement of the roof assembly due to thermal expansion and contraction).</p>

<span class="principles">Roof expansion joints should be considered wherever:</span>
* <span class="principles">the type of deck changes</span>
* <span class="principles">additions connect to existing buildings</span>
* <span class="principles">expansion and control joints exist in the structural system</span>
* <span class="principles">separate wings of a building join (e.g. &#8220;L&#8221; or &#8220;T&#8221; configurations)</span>
* <span class="principles">interior heating conditions change</span>
* <p class="principles">differential movement may occur (e.g. parapet detail where the deck is not supported by the wall)</p>

The location of roof expansion joints must be clearly indicated on the drawings and in the specifications, as the installation of wood blocking and cants is the responsibility of &#8220;others&#8221; and must be in place prior to the roofing contractor's acceptance of the deck.

=== Roof Divider / Control Joints ===
(See '''[[Section:G. Construction Details|Construction Details]]''' to view the illustrated application of '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for various membrane assemblies)

<p class="reference">Roof dividers (sometimes referred to as control joints or area dividers) are built on-site. They are designed to help control thermal expansion and contraction stresses in the roof system where no structural expansion joint has been provided in the building design. Roof dividers are especially useful for controlling stress concentration in the membrane, and should be considered (and may be required) on all fully-adhered roof membrane systems.</p>

<span class="reference">A roof divider is usually designed as two raised wood members attached to a wood base-plate that is securely anchored to the roof deck and then properly flashed with membrane and metal.</span>  Roof dividers should divide the roof into approximately equal, regularly-shaped areas. Ideally, roof dividers should be located at the high points of the roof, with drainage away from the divider on both sides, but DRAINAGE MUST NOT BE IMPEDED BY THE ROOF DIVIDER. 

'''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for a '''''RoofStar 5-Year Roofing Guarantee''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-Year Roofing Guarantee''''' for built-up roof membrane requires roof dividers / control joints &#8220;to divide roofs into areas approximately 45 m x 45 m (150' x 150'), at changes of deck material and decking direction, at re-entrant corners, and at junctions or additions to existing structure.

The location of roof dividers must be clearly indicated on the drawings and in the specifications, as the installation of wood blocking and cants is the responsibility of others and must be in place prior to the roofing contractor's acceptance of the deck.

<b>NOTE</b> that the requirement for roof divider / control joints for flexible membranes differs, and must be evaluated on a product performance basis.

===Special Circumstances: Electrical Conduit===

Conduit, EMT, cable and/or piping applied on the top of roof deck surfaces shall not be acceptable on new construction projects.

If conduit is present on decks in re-roofing projects, the deck must be made smooth and even to the satisfaction of the accepted roof inspection firm. The upper layer of insulation must cover the conduit, EMT, cable and/or piping.  Detailed as-built drawings should be made to prevent conduit damage and safety risks to roofers, should the roof require replacement at a future date.


For more about this topic, see the published '''Safety Bulletin''' in the November 10, 2015 [http://www.rcabc.org/technical/technical-updates/ '''Technical Update'''].

<hr>

=={{hilite | WIND UPLIFT DESIGN and CSA A123.21 || 2017-September-28 }}==
{| class="wikitable"
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! style="background-color: #ffffcc;" |<big>NOTE: The requirements set out below must be interpreted in conjunction with complete '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for Low Slope Roof Assemblies.  Refer to [http://{{SERVERNAME}}/index.php?title=RoofStar_Guarantee_Standards_for_SBS_Modified_Bitumen_Roof_Assemblies '''Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies'''], [http://{{SERVERNAME}}/index.php?title=RoofStar_Guarantee_Standards_for_EPDM_Roof_Assemblies '''EPDM (Thermoset Membranes) Roof Assemblies'''], [http://{{SERVERNAME}}/index.php?title=RoofStar_Guarantee_Standards_for_TPO/PVC_Roof_Assemblies '''TPO/PVC Roof Assemblies'''] or [http://{{SERVERNAME}}/index.php?title=RoofStar_Guarantee_Standards_for_BUR_Roof_Assemblies '''BUR (Built-up) Roof Assemblies'''] for relevant '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards'''''</big>.
|}
{| class="wikitable" | style="width: 100%;text-align:center" 
|-
! style="background-color: orange;" | Qualifying for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''
|-
| style="color: black; background-color: #ffffcc; width: 100%;text-align:center" | To qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', and to comply with the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' in this Manual, mechanically attached and adhered insulated membrane systems must be secured to the roof deck in keeping with the requirements set out below.
|}

<div style="width:150px; text-align: left;">
[[File:YVR Wind 1 (short).gif | link=https://youtu.be/H2P_OYvHZBM]]
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Click on the gif above to see the '''full high-definition video''', which illustrates why roof system attachment standards matter ('''NOTE''': the system shown in the video represents a mechanically fastened EPDM roof, constructed to '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards'''''.  The membrane "flutter" in wind is normal for this type of roof system.)
</div>
<hr>
===Definitions===

*'''Membrane Roof System''' - “Consists of a deck and roofing membrane. It includes components such as vapour barriers or retarders, insulation, cover board, etc. It is subjected to a dynamic load sequence that has been developed based on wind pressure records, simulating the effects of wind on membrane-roof assemblies” (CSA A123.21, Scope 1.1)
*'''CSA Standard''' - CSA Standard A123.21 Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems (latest edition)
*'''Accepted Membrane Roof System Assembly''' – an assembly of Accepted Materials that meets or exceeds the Standard
*'''Mechanically Attached Roof Systems (MARS)''' – A “system in which the roofing membrane is intermittently attached to the deck using fasteners…” (CSA A123.21, Definitions)
*'''Adhesive Applied Roof Systems (AARS)''' – A “system in which the roof membrane is bonded to the substrate using adhesives and all other components below roofing membrane are adhered using adhesives…” This includes “a system in which the roof membrane is bonded to the substrate using adhesives” (CSA A123.21, Definitions)
*'''Partially Attached (Hybrid) Roof Systems (PARS)''' – A “system in which the roof membrane is bonded to the substrate using adhesives and a minimum of one component below the membrane is intermittently attached to the supporting structure using fasteners…” This includes “a system in which the roof membrane is bonded to the substrate using adhesives” (CSA A123.21, Definitions)

===New Membrane Roof Systems===

To qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', and to comply with the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' set out herein, all new '''''Membrane Roof Systems''''' that begin with an exposed deck (MARS, PARS and AARS) must be designed and built to meet or exceed the test requirements of the '''''CSA Standard''''' {{hilite | ('''NOTE''': this applies to projects bid after either April 1, 2017 or the issuance of the British Columbia Building Code, 2017 Edition, whichever comes first) || 2017-April-22 }}.  Only those '''''Membrane Roof System''s''' that have successfully met the '''''CSA Standard''''' through tests administered by a qualified test facility/laboratory will qualify as an '''''Accepted Membrane Roof System Assembly''''' for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' (see exceptions noted below).  Click [[CSA A123.21 Qualified Test Facilities|'''here''']] for a list of qualified testing facilities.

When an existing roof system is removed to expose the deck, the replacement roof is considered new and therefore the design and construction of the replacement roof assembly must meet or exceed the minimum requirements set out by the '''''CSA Standard'''''.  Furthermore, a replacement roof must conform to existing BC Building Code requirements for performance.  For reference, see the BC Building Code (latest edition), Div. A, Part 1, Section 1.1 General (cf. 1.1.1.1. ''Application of this Code'', and 1.1.1.2. ''Application to Existing Buildings'').

When a '''''Membrane Roof System''''' incorporates materials that are not part of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', appropriate substitutions for those materials shall be made from the list of RoofStar-accepted Materials, and test data extrapolated in keeping with ANSI/SPRI WD-1, “Wind Design Standard Practice for Roofing Assemblies” (cf. National Building Code of Canada 2015, A-5.2.2.2.(4) ''Membrane Roofing Systems'').  The Design Authority, or in their absence, a Member, shall be responsible for the selection of appropriate material substitutions.

In addition to the above, the '''''CSA Standard''''' also applies to circumstances where “the roof membrane may be designated as the plane of air tightness.”

===Partial Roof System Replacement===

When only a part of a roof system is replaced, in which the roof deck is not exposed, the '''''CSA Standard''''' does not apply.  Nevertheless, partial roof replacements shall still conform to all other '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' requirements for roof system assembly set out in this Manual.  Also refer to ANSI/SPRI WD-1, “Wind Design Standard Practice for Roofing Assemblies” (cf. National Building Code of Canada 2015, A-5.2.2.2.(4) ''Membrane Roofing Systems'') and the '''[http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/windrci/agreement.html Wind-RCI]''' calculator.  All components utilized in a partial roof replacement shall still be selected from the Accepted Materials section of this Manual.

===Limitations===

'''''The Standard''''' does not apply to:
* '''''Membrane Roof Systems''''' with proven past performance for anticipated wind loads (National Building Code of Canada 2015, 5.2.2.2.5 Determination of Wind Load);
* Ballasted roof assemblies or roof assemblies with non-ballast overburdens, where the membrane is secured against wind uplift by the ballast/overburden (National Building Code of Canada 2015, A-5.2.2.2.(4) '''Membrane Roofing Systems''')

See the 'decision tree' illustration below in conjunction with these requirements and guidelines.

::[[File:CSA Decision Tree for Wind-uplift (Final).jpg|left|500 px]]
<div style="clear: both"></div>

===Using Tested Assembly Reports===
#Begin by determining the wind load of the roof using the online calculator available through '''[http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/windrci/agreement.html Wind-RCI]''' (click [http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/5/5d/Sample_RCI_Report.pdf '''here'''] for a sample report);
#Choose the method by which the roof will be fastened together:
#*<big>[http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=MARS_Tested_Materials '''MARS Systems''']</big> (mechanically fastened);
#*<big>[http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=AARS_Tested_Materials '''AARS Systems''']</big> (adhered);
#*<p><big>[http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=PARS_Tested_Materials '''PARS Systems''']</big> (a combination of adhered and mechanically fastened).</p><p>The method of attachment may be determined by the type of roof deck</p>
#Expand the table for the membrane type and look for maximum <u>wind uplift values that exceed</u> the requirements determined through the RCI calculator;<p>('''NOTE''': while the reports show two different values for tested maximum assembly strength, the RPM tables display only the values adjusted for the required safety factor of 1.5)</p>
#Open the report for the tested assembly that fits with the design parameters you have chosen and calculated, and examine the report.  It will break down the assembly by its components.  Ensure all the key components (Secondary materials, such as deck overlay, insulation and insulation overlay) are accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' (note that fasteners and adhesives currently are not listed in this Manual - use the materials specified in the wind test report, or consult the membrane manufacturer);
#In cases where a tested Secondary material is not accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', look for alternates which often are published in the each report.  In the absence of published alternates, locate a possible alternate in the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Materials_by_Product_Type '''Accepted Materials'''] section of this Manual.  If you are unsure about compatibility, contact the [mailto:guarantees@rcabc.org '''RCABC'''].

===Roof Zones and Wind Dynamics===

<span class="reference">The roof area is divided into three areas (zones). The perimeter area is defined as 10% of the building width or 40% of the building height, whichever is less. In no case will perimeter area be less than 2.0 m (7'). The field area is defined as the remaining area after the perimeter is calculated.</span>

When the roof height is:
* greater than 18 m (60’) and low-slope (slope is 2:12 or less) or
* less than 18 m (60’) and pitched (slope is greater than 2:12).
<br>
Perimeter fastening along the entire eave will be enhanced to corner requirements. The corner area is defined by the perimeter in both directions at the corners.  In no case will the corner area be less than 2.0 m x 2.0 m (7’ x7’).

<p class="reference">For corner enhancement of roofs in high wind locations (higher than 100 mph) or for roofs above 60’.</p>


::[[File:R3-8-5P3.jpg|left|500px]]
<div style="clear: both"></div>


'''Zone Areas'''
#<b>Field Area:</b>
#:Zone 1
#<b>Perimeter Area:</b> 
#:Zone 2. The area at the edge of the roof. Perimeter width shall be defined as the lesser of 10% of the building width or 40% of the building height, but not less than 2.0 m (7&#8217;).
#<b>Corner Area:</b> 
#:Zone 3. Corner area dimensions shall be equal to perimeter width in both directions and not less than 2.0 m (7&#8217;).

'''NOTES'''
#<b>Wall Openings:</b> 
#:Contribute to increased wind uplift on roof area. Included in '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' fastener requirements.
#<b>Adjoining Roof Height:</b>
#:Where less than 900 mm (3&#8217;), design as if one roof. Where 900 mm (3&#8217;) or greater, upper roof should be designed as separate roof.
#<b>Roof Slope:</b>
#:Wind uplift changes at all Zones as slope changes.
#<b>Overhangs:</b> 
#:Overhangs increase the wind uplift in some roof locations. Included in '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' fastener requirements.
#<b>Roof Height:</b>
#:On slopes under 10&#176; (2&#8217; in 12&#8217; nominal) use eave height for roof height. On slopes 10&#176; (2&#8217; in 12&#8217; nominal) or greater, use mean average roof height (mid-point).

'''ZONE NOTES'''
#<b>Ridge:</b>
#:On slopes over 10&#176; (1:6 or 2" in 12", nominal) the ridge field area should be upgraded to Zone 2 (perimeter).
#<b>Ridge Corner:</b>
#:On slopes over 10&#176; (1:6 or 2" in 12", nominal) and on buildings 18 m (60&#8217;) high or less ridge perimeter at the corners should be upgraded to Zone 3 (corner).

'''Regional Wind Speed'''

The province of British Columbia is divided into three regions:

:Region 1 - High wind region
:Region 2 - Moderate wind region
:Region 3 - Low wind region

::[[File:Bcwindmap.jpg|left]]
<div style="clear: both"></div>


Note: 
*Region 1 is located near the coast while most of Region 3 is located at the inland area.


<hr>

==MATERIALS==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': Click [[Materials by Product Type|'''here''']] to view all the Materials accepted for use in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''.
|}
All roofing components must be supplied or accepted by the membrane manufacturer and must be acceptable to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''. A listing is published in this manual (see link above). 

All materials must be protected from weather by properly stacking above ground or roof surface and in factory packaging or other adequate covering, approved or recommended by the manufacturer, until applied.  All installed roofing materials that are susceptible to moisture damage must be made watertight by the end of each work day.
<hr>

==SUBSTRATES: Deck OverlayS and Wall Sheathing==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Roof Deck Overlay|'''Roof Deck Overlay Boards''']] in Section B: Essential Elements.
|}
===General===
<div class="principles">A roof deck overlay (also called a system underlay) is installed under the roof system and over the roof deck assembly. These products are most commonly placed over steel decks to provide a level surface for the membrane, or as a thermal barrier between the roof deck and combustible insulation.</div>

===Material Selection===
Regardless of the substrate to which roof membranes are applied, installation of roof membrane to the surface must be governed by the membrane manufacturer's requirements for that substrate.

Gypsum boards on vertical surfaces must be a RoofStar-accepted overlay boards with water resistant properties.

<p class="principles">On steel framed walls, it is acceptable to use gypsum overlay boards accepted for the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', provided the gypsum board has a minimum thickness of 12 mm (½") or fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜") that conform to ASTM C1325-04.</p>

See [[Roof Deck Overlay Board|'''Accepted Deck Overlay Boards''']] for '''''RoofStar Guaranteed''''' roof systems.

===Application: Decks===
====Concrete====
* Concrete decks, curbs and equipment pads must be clean, dry, and smooth prior to commencement of roofing. 
* Poured concrete or lightweight concrete decks are not to be roofed for a minimum of 28 days after pouring unless expressly instructed in writing by the Project Structural Engineer.
* All concrete decks to receive adhered asphaltic roofing shall be primed. 
* A vented base sheet is required under all asphalt-adhered (adhesive, mopped or torched) roofing membranes that are adhered directly to concrete decks unless insulation is installed directly above or over the membrane.


Pre-cast panels, post-stressed beams, or “T” and cavity decks '''''must''''' have a separation layer such as fibreboard, gypsum board, plywood, proprietary overlay board etc. applied over the deck prior to the application of the roof membrane. Where a difference exists in the levels of adjacent surfaces, the general contractor or others shall install grouting. This grouting shall be feathered on the lower surface a minimum distance of twelve times the amount of the vertical differential.

====Steel====
1. When a membrane is specified for application directly over a steel deck, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' require a steel deck overlay of gypsum with fibreglass facers and a silicone treated gypsum core (see min. standards below), or plywood having a minimum thickness of 12.7 mm (½"). Where an underlay is used as a thermal barrier, it must conform to the applicable code and insurance requirements for the roof assembly and be fully supported by the deck.

2. Gypsum boards installed over steel decks as substrates for primary roof membranes <b><u>must</u></b> be a minimum thickness of 12.7 mm (½") RoofStar-accepted overlay boards. All edges of the gypsum board are to be fully or intermittently supported by the deck and end joints to be staggered (offset) 300 mm (12") from adjacent board rows. A minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum will be permitted to compensate for variance in the manufacturer's tolerance of differing board widths and lengths.

3. When gypsum board is required on steel decks as a substrate overlay, the gypsum board can be fully mechanically fastened to the deck or adhered with proprietary polyurethane foam adhesives acceptable to the primary roof system manufacturer.  Attachment must meet or exceed the CSA A123.21-14 requirements for the building dimensions and geographical location.

Maximum deck flute width and minimum fastener requirements for gypsum board in a deck overlay application are as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Minimum fasteners using Screws only or Screws in combination with Plastic or Steel Stress Plates
|-
! | Thickness
! | Deck Flute Width
! | Board Size
! | Screws & Metal Stress Plates
! | Bulgle-head Drywall Screws
|-
| 12.7 mm (½") || up to 125 mm (5") || 1200 mm x 2400 mm (4' x 8’) || 12 || 32
|-
| 15.9 mm (5/8") || up to 200mm (8") || 1200 mm x 2400 mm (4’ x 8’) || 12 || 32
|}

4. When gypsum board is used under mechanically fastened insulation, the gypsum board must be fastened independently from the insulation. The minimum number of fasteners(screws or screws and plate) is four (4) per sheet.  When applicable, adhesive systems must meet or exceed the CSA A123.21 requirements (current edition) for the building dimensions and geographical location.

====Wood====

1. An RoofStar-approved separation sheet, minimum 40-lb asphalt coated fibre glass base sheet conforming to CAN/ CSA A123.16 - M88 (R1996), Type II or manufacturer’s accepted base sheet of equal or greater weight and reinforcement, or RoofStar-accepted rigid insulation / overlay board mechanically attached or semi-adhered membrane (spot or strips) is required over non-veneer panels before fully adhered roofing membrane is applied.

<p class="principles">2. Direct torch (open flame) membrane applications to wood decks and wood surfaces is NOT permitted. For further development of this policy, refer to '''Best Practices''' in [[SBS Special Applications |'''SBS Special Applications''']]</p>

3. Fully adhering modified bituminous membranes directly to wood decks is not permitted.

=== Application: Wall Sheathing===
====Walls Supporting Roof Deck====
In combustible construction, or where permitted by the Building Code in non-combustible construction, all concrete or masonry parapets or walls which do not provide a smooth, clean, dry surface for membrane adhesion or are to be applied with oxidized asphalt as the adhesive must be sheathed with a minimum 15.9 mm (5/8") treated plywood, or 9.5 mm (3/8") reinforced cement board that conforms to ASTM C1325-04 mechanically attached to the wall. The plywood is to extend either a minimum of 200 mm (8") above membrane surfacing, to the bottom of the reglet, or, if required by the type of membrane, to the full height of the parapet.

====Non-Supporting Walls====
Where permitted by the Building Code, all concrete or masonry parapets or walls to which roofing is to be applied must be sheathed with minimum 15.9 mm (5/8") plywood or 9.5 mm (3/8") reinforced cement board that conforms to ASTM C1325-04 solidly attached to the roof deck with adequately treated blocking. Compressible insulation is to be installed between the sheathing and the wall. Coping and / or counter flashing is to be installed.  See [[SBS Details:D1.7.2-2 Parapets & Copings (Low Parapet - Unsupported by Wall)|'''Detail: D1.7.2-2''']] for an illustration. The plywood is to extend either a minimum of 200 mm (8") above membrane surfacing or, if required by the type of membrane, to the full height of the parapet or wall. This item is supplied and installed by others unless specified otherwise.

Gypsum boards on vertical surfaces must be RoofStar-accepted overlay boards with water resistant properties. On steel framed walls accepted gypsum overlay boards with a minimum thickness of 12mm (1/2") or fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (3/8") that conform to ASTM C1325-04 are an acceptable vertical substrate to receive roofing.

The installation of roof membrane to the surface must be as per the membrane manufacturer's requirements for that substrate. 

<hr>

=={{hilite | AIR & VAPOUR BARRIERS || 2018-June-29 }}==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Air and Vapour Control|'''Air and Vapour Control''']] in Section B: Essential Elements.
|}
==={{hilite | Intent || 2018-June-29 }}===
<p class="reference">Air and vapour barriers, along with thermal barriers, water resistive barriers and water-shedding surfaces, serve to separate the outside environment from the interior environments of a structure.  Continuous air barriers are perhaps the most critical.  Building Codes in force in each jurisdiction, and the National Energy Code (2011), require the selection and proper installation of “a continuous air barrier system comprised of air-barrier assemblies to control air leakage into and out of the conditioned space” (NEC 2011).</p>

<p class="principles">Continuity of the air and/or vapour barrier from the wall systems and roof systems is essential to the satisfactory performance of either or both.  Therefore, proper connection between air and/or vapour barrier systems is essential, and the responsibility of both the design authority and trades constructing walls and roofs.</p>

<span class="reference">'''Air barriers''' control “flow of air through the building enclosure, either inward or outward” (''Guide for Designing Energy Efficient Building Enclosures'', '''Homeowner Protection Office''').  Controlling air flow into and out of conditioned spaces affects the performance of “thermally efficient enclosure assemblies” (ibid), impacts the potential for condensation in between materials, and directly influences rain water penetration of the building envelope.  Some air barriers are considered permeable, others air-impermeable or ‘airtight’.  The suitability of one over the other, in the application of a roofing system, is left to the discernment of the design authority and/or the roofing contractor.</span> <span class="recommended">Consequently, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' strongly recommends that designers and builders of roof systems intended to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' carefully consider the regulatory design and installation requirements for effective, continuous air barrier systems.</span>

<span class="reference">'''Vapour barriers''' regulate or prohibit the movement of water vapour from one space to another by means of diffusion.  Consequently, these barriers are referred to as either vapour-permeable or impermeable.  Diffusion is a slow process, in contrast to air movement, and its regulation is not always mandatory or even desirable.  Consequently, because continuous vapour barriers “are not needed within all climate zones and assemblies”, they are considered non-critical and may be left to the discretion of the design authority.</span>  <span class="recommended">Nevertheless, where continuous vapour barriers are required and specified by provincial or municipal building codes (current and in force), the RoofStar Guarantee Program requires that a suitable vapour barrier system be selected by the design authority and properly installed by the roofing contractor in conformity with the vapour barrier manufacturer’s published instructions, and with the design authority’s specified details.</span>

<span class="principles">Any references in this Manual to installation methodologies, and any construction details that show air and/or vapour barriers, are merely illustrative and not prescriptive.</span>  <span class="recommended">Installers of continuous air and/or vapour barrier systems are urged to understand and comply with best practices for their application.</span>

==={{hilite |Limitations and Exclusions || 2018-June-29 }}===
#<p>Air and vapour barrier performance is not part of the RoofStar Guarantee, and air/vapour barrier materials are not listed in the Accepted Materials section of this Manual.  Therefore, the decision to specify an air and/or vapour barrier, the placement of a continuous air and/or vapour barrier in relation to a roof assembly and system, and the selection of suitable materials for that application, is the sole responsibility of the design authority.<span class="recommended">The design authority is urged to review and consider the performance characteristics of materials available for such applications.</span></p><p>Neither the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' nor the roofing contractor will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, the roof system caused by the use or absence of air and/or vapour barriers.</p>
#<p>Proper installation and continuity of air and/or vapour barriers within the roof assembly is the responsibility of the roofing contractor. The air/vapour barrier must:
::*extend past the roof membrane flashing by 100mm (4”) on new construction providing a positive (water-shedding) lap seal union between courses of material for the wall air/vapour barrier membrane applicator.
::*be sealed to the wall air/vapour barrier on roof replacement projects.</p>
::Installation must conform to the manufacturer’s published requirements and the design authority’s design details.

==={{hilite | Material Selection || 2018-June-29 }}===

#<p>Fully supported air and/or vapour barriers must possess a minimum published static puncture resistance rating of 150 N (34 lbf) (ref. CGSB-37.56-M for both test method and standard limits) and be either self-adhering or torch-applied.  For unsupported air and/or vapour barriers, see '''4.3.3''' below. Therefore, while responsibility for the selection of a suitable air/vapour barrier rests with the design authority, a roof designed and built to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' shall not include either polyethylene sheet plastic or bitumen-impregnated kraft paper.</p>
#<p>Where air and/or vapour barriers are specified by the design authority, they must be selected from the materials listed in the wind-tested assemblies reports for [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=MARS_Tested_Materials '''MARS'''], [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=PARS_Tested_Materials '''PARS'''] or [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=AARS_Tested_Materials '''AARS'''] roof systems (excluding polyethylene sheet plastic and kraft paper, as noted above).  For a complete listing of current wind test reports, click on the linked system acronyms above.</p>
#<p><span class="recommended">Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' strongly recommends that any air and/or vapour barrier system be installed over a smooth, continuous plane (for example, concrete or plywood).  Consequently, a deck overlay board installed on corrugated steel roof decks in highly recommended.</span>  Where no deck overlay board is installed and the air and/or vapour barrier is partially unsupported (for example, on a steel deck), the air and/or vapour barrier must have a published static puncture resistance of at least 400 N (90 lbf).  Furthermore, both the side laps and end laps must be fully supported.</p>
#<p><span class="recommended">Should the air/vapour barrier membrane be used as a temporary roof during project construction by either the roofing contractor or by other trades, a minimum 2mm thick bituminous membrane is recommended.</span></p>
#<p>Because curing concrete releases considerable moisture that can compromise the performance of a roof system, a vapour barrier installed on new concrete decks (28 days or older) must be selected to prevent condensation inside the roof system.  <span class="recommended">A membrane with a permeability of 0.01 perms (Class I) is recommended.</span>  <span class="principles">Nevertheless, the selection of the vapour barrier product is the responsibility of the design authority.</span></p>

==={{hilite | Vapour Retarder Design for High-Humidity Building Interiors || 2018-June-29 }}===

<span class="recommended">Careful consideration should be given to the performance characteristics of air and/or vapour barriers when specifying such a membrane for roof assemblies constructed over high-humidity building interiors.  These types of building interiors include (but are not limited to)</span>
*<span class="recommended">Swimming pools</span>
*<span class="recommended">Commercial laundry facilities</span>
*<span class="recommended">Large aquariums</span>
*<p class="recommended">Paper mills</p>

<p class="recommended">Roof systems for facilities such as these, with high-humidity environments, may be susceptible to the accumulation of moisture within the roof assembly unless an effective vapour barrier is specified and installed.</p>

<p class="principles">Vapour retarders for high humidity facilities should have a perm rating as close to zero as possible, be durable, multi-layer membranes that are effective in preventing vapour drive into the roof systems from the interior of high humidity environments.</p>

<p class="reference">Thin, lightweight, single-layer vapour retarders are prone to damage during installation of roof assemblies and are therefore not recommended for use over high humidity building interiors.</p>

<hr>

==INSULATION==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Insulating the Roof|'''Roof Insulation''']] in Section B: Essential Elements.
|}
==== General ====

Only RoofStar-accepted insulation materials, specifically listed by membrane manufacturers in this Manual as acceptable for use with their modified bituminous loose laid, or mechanically attached base sheets, may be used without an overlay board in the RoofStar Guarantee Program.

==== Layering ====
All square edge flat format insulation boards greater than 67.5 mm (2.7”) in thickness shall be installed in multiple layers. Multi layering of plastic foam insulation is required for all adhered, mechanically attached, and ballasted low slope roof assemblies. In addition, all slope format plastic foam insulation boards greater than 150mm (6”) in thickness shall be installed in multiple staggered layers or alternatively, be installed under two (2) offset / staggered layers of RoofStar-accepted insulation overlay boards. 

Insulation board joints are to be offset or staggered 300 mm (12") from adjacent layers and rows.

<div class="principles">A minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum will be permitted to compensate for variance in manufactured tolerance of differing insulation board widths and lengths. The exception is sloped insulation boards that are generally installed soldiered fashion to adjacent rows; and the first layer of overlay board over heat sensitive insulation to facilitate joint taping.</div>

==== Nailing Strips ====

Required on Slopes exceeding 1:12 [1" in 12"]) 
Where the total insulation thickness on nailable decks exceeds 25 mm (1"), nailing strips shall be mandatory on all insulated exposed membrane roofs utilizing bitumen as an adhesive and / or waterproofing medium (BUR, single or multi-ply modified bitumen or oxidized asphalt sheet systems (mop or torch applied base sheets,non-conventional felts, etc.) and will be supplied and installed by the roofing contractor. These nailers should be nominal 89 mm (3 ½") wide and of a thickness equal to that of the primary insulation. Spacing of these nailers will not exceed four feet for horizontal application and two feet for vertical application.Fasteners for attachment of wood nailers shall be two minimum #12 non-corrosive exterior screws spaced a maximum of 400 mm (16”) o/c. Attachment screws shall be embedded into support media a minimum of 37.7 mm (1.5”) at all nailing strip fastening points. Nailers are to be covered by one layer of accepted overlay board.Fasteners used for attaching membranes to nailing strips(back nailing) shall be membrane manufacturer’s approved screws with plates or nails with a minimum 25 mm (1") head size. Spacing of fasteners or nails on nailing strips shall not exceed 300 mm (12") o/c for horizontal applications and 600 mm (24") o/c for vertical applications.Where deck nailing strips are required to secure roofing nailing or insulation nailing strips (e.g. in concrete decks), deck nailing strips shall be supplied and installed by others.

<span class="principles">Consult the membrane manufacturer's published data for slope limitations.</span>

<div class="reference">Nailing strips are not required for use on RoofStar-accepted in-seam mechanically-fastened bituminous or non-bituminous flexible membrane systems. Heat welded or self-adhered SBS modified bituminous systems may be used without nailing strips provided RoofStar-accepted in seam fastener patterns are used throughout all base sheet seams (minimum 24" o/c) and head laps (minimum of 3 fasteners). All layers of insulation are recommended be additionally secured with polyurethane foam adhesive.</div>

==== Mechanical Fastening ====

'''Minimum Screw and Plate Fasteners'''

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Minimum fasteners using Screws and Plastic or Steel Stress Plates
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" | Insulation Board Size
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Field
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Perimeter
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Corner
|-
| 600 mm x 1200 mm (2'x4') || 4 || 4 || 5 
|-
| 600 mm x 2400 mm (2'x8') || 5 || 6 || 8 
|-
| 900 mm x 1200 mm (3'x4') || 4 || 6 || 7
|-
| 1200 mm x 1200 mm (4'x4') || 5 || 6 || 8
|-
| 1200 mm x 1800 mm (4'x6') || 6 || 8 || 12 
|-
| 1200 mm x 2400 mm (4'x8') || 8 || 12 || 15
|}


:<b>Minimum Nail Fasteners</b>

:Minimum fasteners using Accepted Nails (Wood Decks Only): (see Section 3.8.5.2)
:<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width="90%">
	<tr>
		<th align=center>Insulation Board Size</th><th align=center>Field</th><th align=center>Perimeter</th><th align=center>Corner</th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td align=center>600 mm x 1200 mm (2'x4')</td><td align=center>5</td><td align=center>5</td><td align=center>6</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td align=center>600 mm x 2400 mm (2'x8')</td><td align=center>8</td><td align=center>10</td><td align=center>12</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td align=center>900 mm x 1200 mm (3'x4')</td><td align=center>6</td><td align=center>8</td><td align=center>10</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td align=center>1200 mm x 1200 mm (4'x4')</td><td align=center>6</td><td align=center>8</td><td align=center>10</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td align=center>1200 mm x 1800 mm (4'x6')</td><td align=center>8</td><td align=center>10</td><td align=center>14</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td align=center>1200 mm x 2400 mm (4'x8')</td><td align=center>12</td><td align=center>16</td><td align=center>18</td>
	</tr>
:</table>


When conventionally adhered roof assemblies are installed, (adhered, hot asphalt mopped, torched, etc.), all insulation must be mechanically fastened to all nailable decks including steel, with exceptions as per (reference here).  <div class="reference">The upper layer or overlay in a multiple-layer insulation application does not require mechanical fastening.</div>  The exception is for slopes exceeding 1:12 (1" in 12") or steeper - in those cases, the upper layer must be fastened.

When using multiple layers of plastic foam insulation the layers shall be mechanically fastened, whenever possible, as if they are a single layer. Alternately, when the use of mechanical fasteners is not feasible, or multiple layered assemblies require mechanical fastening of the base layer only, or decks are constructed of non-nailable materials (concrete,) polyurethane foam adhesives may be utilized to adhere insulation layers to one another, to other insulations, or substrates. Only polyurethane foam adhesives that are specifically listed as acceptable by the insulation manufacturer may be used. Extruded polystyrene insulation must have planed faces (removal of smooth surface) when adhered with polyurethane foam adhesive.

<div class="reference">The roof area is divided into three areas (zones). The perimeter area is defined as 10% of the building width or 40% of the building height, whichever is less. In no case will perimeter area be less than 2.0 m (7'). The field area is defined as the remaining area after the perimeter is calculated. When the roof height is:• greater than 18 m (60’) and low-slope (slope is 2:12 or less) or• less than 18 m (60’) and pitched (slope is greater than 2:12), Perimeter fastening along the entire eave will be enhanced to corner requirements. The corner area is defined by the perimeter in both directions at the corners.</div>  <div class="principles">In no case will the corner area be less than 2.0 m x 2.0 m (7’ x7’).</div>

<div class="reference">For corner enhancement of roofs in high wind locations (higher than 100 mph) or for roofs above 60’ refer to Section (reference here).

Mechanically attached insulated membrane systems may be fastened according to manufacturer’s tested specifications complying with CSA A123.21-10 or a FM 1-90 assembly wind rating and when accepted by RGC and conforming to A4.6. Factory Mutual adhered assemblies require the initial layer to be mechanically fastened over a steel deck.

The upper layer or overlay in a multiple-layer insulation application does not require mechanical fastening.</div>

If mechanical fastening to concrete decking is required proprietary concrete fasteners and plates must be used.

Acceptable nail types: Shank-and-head or head-plate nails with minimum 25 mm (1")nominal head size. Head-plate nails with solidly attached plate to ensure plate cannot slide down on shank.

<div class="reference">Cavity deck or T Deck may be defined as either nailable or non-nailable, depending on profile and deflection.</div>

Nailing is only permitted on wood decks and where insulation thickness does not exceed 50 mm (2"). Nails with a minimum 25 mm (1") head size or greater are required for insulation and overlay boards fastened to wood decks. Nails to be placed a maximum 600 mm (24") o/c in each direction and be of sufficient length to penetrate the underlying sheathing a minimum of 20 mm (3/4") or in the case of plywood, completely through the sheathing.

When insulation and or cover boards are installed under mechanically fastened membrane systems the membrane manufacturer’s tested and approved fastener layout patterns shall be followed. In addition, the minimum number of fasteners with plates for insulation and or cover boards, under mechanically fastened membranes, shall be six (6) fasteners for 1200mm x 2400mm (4ft. x 8ft,) board sizes and four (4) fasteners for all other smaller board sizes.

For all adhered asphaltic membranes, ie: hot asphalt, torch welded, or cold adhesive applied roof assemblies: 
Heat Sensitive Insulation: On all heat sensitive insulations (polystyrene; extruded and expanded), an overlay consisting of two layers of acceptable cover board is to be installed when using hot asphalt as an adhesive, or where the cover board is less than 1/2" in thickness on torch applied assemblies.
 
Two layer system: Fasten the first layer of cover board, offsetting the joints from those of the insulation. Tape the joints before applying the second layer, offsetting the joints from both layers below. Alternatively, all layers of cover board and insulation may be fastened as a group.
 
Single layer system: Flame protection under or over the cover board is required. Seal over all board joints and wall transitions with membrane manufacturer's approved self-adhered membrane tape. Alternatively, a full layer of minimum No. 25 asphalt coated fiberglass base sheet conforming to CAN/CSA-A123.16-04 (R2009), Type II or No. 30 non-perforated felt conforming to CSA A123.3-05 (R2010) may be used under the cover board. 

Composite board insulations with factory applied base sheets that utilize self-adhering seams for flame protection, are mechanically attached over decks listed by the membrane manufacturer, and specifically accepted by RGC, may be installed as a single layer overlay board over heat sensitive insulations.

Minimum Fasteners for <b>Overlay Boards are:</b>
:1200 mm x 2400 mm (4' x 8')
:<table border=1 width="90%">
	<tr>
		<th><u>Using:</u></th>
		<th><u>Field</u></th>
		<th><u>Perimeter</u></th>
		<th><u>Corner</u></th>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td>Screws and Plastic or Steel Stress Plates</td>
		<td align=center>8</td>
		<td align=center>12</td>
		<td align=center>15</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td>Accepted Nails (Wood Deck Only)</td>
		<td align=center>12</td>
		<td align=center>16</td>
		<td align=center>18</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
		<td>Fastener layout patterns and other board dimensions</td>
		<td colspan=3>(See Section 3.8.5.2)</td>
	</tr>
:</table>


Heat Insensitive Insulation Only In the case of heat insensitive insulations, one layer of acceptable overlay board is required. For hot asphalt applied roof assemblies the insulation is to be mechanically fastened before an acceptable overlay board is fully mopped to the insulation. Alternatively, manufacturers proprietary insulation adhesives may be used to adhere accepted overlay boards to insulations. When hot asphalt or adhesives are not used in a roof assembly accepted insulation and overlay board(s) may, as a group, be mechanically fastened directly to nailable decks including steel.

==== Application to Steel Decks ====

When installing insulation or thermal barriers to steel decks, all edges of the first layer of insulation or thermal barrier shall be fully or intermittently supported by the deck. Mechanical fasteners must penetrate steel decks a minimum of 20mm (3/4") and must be located in the top flutes only. The minimum thickness of insulation directly over fluted steel decks shall be a minimum of one-half the nominal flute width. Additionally, the minimum allowable thickness of expanded polystyrene or unfaced glass fibre insulation shall be 38 mm (1-1/2"), and the minimum thickness for extruded polystyrene, faced glass fibre, faced polyisocyanurate, etc. shall be 25 mm (1").(For loose laid ballasted systems, see Section reference needed)

==== Adhering Insulation ====

When foam plastic insulation is adhered (with hot asphalt or compatible adhesive) in a roof assembly, the insulation board size shall be a maximum 1200 mm (4') in any direction. 

Only RGC accepted overlay boards may be installed by the back mop and flop application method over heat sensitive foam plastic insulation boards. Heat insensitive insulation boards, (e.g. Polyisocyanurate) are not permitted to be installed with this method. 

Asphalt or paraffin-impregnated coated fibreboard roof insulation, used as an insulation overlay board must be asphalt-coated on the top and bottom surface (minimum coated two-sides) when adhered (in a roof assembly) with hot asphalt or asphaltic based adhesive. 

Proprietary adhesive applied insulation/overlay board membrane systems accepted and installed in the RoofStar Guarantee Program shall conform to the CSA A123.21-10 Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of adhesive attached membrane roofing systems and/or the Factory Mutual I-90 Listing for adhesive attached assemblies.

The roof system must be as per the complete tested assembly and a calculation for the building wind load requirements using the [http://www.archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/projects/irc/calculator.html Wind-RCI] calculator or [http://roofnav.com RoofNav] as applicable be submitted with project documents.

<div class="reference">Refer to C5.c for notes on wind uplift resistance - fastener patterns and Factory Mutual requirements.</div>

==== Polyisocyanurate Insulation ====

Only polyisocyanurate insulation with non-organic facers(e.g. fibreglass) are acceptable for use in the RGC guarantee program. In addition, manufacturers’ product identification labels are required for all Polyisocyanurate insulation packaging and the date of manufacture must be provided on all product labels.

<hr>

==INSULATION OVERLAYS==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Insulation Joints and Overlay|'''Insulation Overlay Boards''']] ''Essential Elements''.
|}
=== General ===
RoofStar-accepted insulation overlay boards shall be installed over all plastic foam insulations (EPS, XEPS, Polyisocyanurate) on all adhered low slope roofing systems. When heat sensitive insulations (EPS,XEPS) are used with heat welded membrane seams an accepted overlay board must be installed. Overlay board thickness shall not exceed 50mm (2″).  Fibreboard shall not be used with flame-welded seams.

=== Layering ===
Insulation and overlay board joints are to be offset/staggered 300 mm (12") from adjacent layers and rows.  The uppermost layer of [insulation or] overlay board directly below membranes shall have joints that are offset/staggered from adjacent layers and rows.

See also RoofStar Guarantee Standards for insulation layering in [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSINSULATION |'''INSULATION''']]

===Material Selection===
See [[Insulation Overlay Board|'''Accepted Insulation Overlay boards''']] for '''''RoofStar Guaranteed''''' roof systems.

===Application===
==== Mechanical Fastening ====
<p class="principles">The design authority should research and establish the correct fastener, deck and roof assembly components in order to prevent the possibility of fastener corrosion. Contributing factors to fastener corrosion may include dissimilar metal contact, excessive building humidity, corrosive chemicals within components of the assembly, or corrosive elements provided within the building envelope etc.</p>

All insulation types shall have a minimum compressive strength of 110 KPa (20 psi) when installed without a cover board under mechanically attached membranes.

<p class="principles">Mechanical fastening to steel decks provides more effective wind uplift resistance and greater horizontal shear resistance than adhesives (thereby decreasing potential membrane splitting).  Fastening patterns and rates that have proven to be successful are published in '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' and should be enforced as a minimum. In addition to insufficient fasteners, the type of fastener can prove critical.  For example, failure may occur from nails with inadequate head size to pull through the roofing felts.</p>

<p class="principles">The correct fastener should be specified by the design authority for each component of a roof system.</p>

<p class="principles">The design authority should consult with the fastener manufacturer to determine the fastener's pullout strength in specific deck types to determine the number of fasteners required.</p>

<span class="reference">Wind uplift has been shown to be greater at the perimeters and therefore fastener requirements vary between field and perimeter areas. In addition, mechanical fastening may be required at the perimeter detail to restrain lateral movement of the membrane.</span>

<p class="principles">The upper layer or overlay in a multiple-layer insulation application does not require mechanical fastening.</p>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Minimum fasteners for Overlay Board 1200 mm x 2400 mm (4' x 8')
! scope="col" style="width: 300px;" | Using
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Field
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Perimeter
! scope="col" style="width: 100px;" | Corner
|-
| Screws and Plastic or Steel Stress Plates || 8 || 12 || 15 
|-
| Accepted Nails (Wood Deck Only) || 12 || 16 || 18 
|-
| Fastener layout patterns and other board dimensions || See diagrams above || ||
|-
|}

==== Adhering ====
When asphaltic membranes are adhered (using hot asphalt, cold adhesives, or when applied with a torch), {{hilite | at least one layer of || 2018-January-25 }} overlay board is required over all types of insulation.  {{hilite | The exception to this requirement is mineral wool insulation used in a single or multi-layered adhered or partially adhered insulation assembly, where the top surface of the uppermost insulation layer incorporates an impregnated bitumen surface to which an asphaltic membrane may be torch welded, mop-applied or cold-adhered. || 2018-January-25 }}

'''Conventionally insulated roof assemblies''' are required to have a minimum 12.5mm (½") adhered approved RoofStar-accepted gypsum overlay board, and insulation boards with a minimum compressive strength of 20 psi, under the roof membrane for [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSEXTENSIVE|'''Extensive Vegetated Systems''']] (less than 150 mm, 6" in depth).  [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSINTENSIVE|'''Intensive Vegetative Roof Assemblies''']] in excess of 150 mm (6") or more in depth are not permitted over conventionally insulated roof systems.

{{hilite | Note the following restrictions and conditions, which apply to the above: || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | flame protection may be required where only one layer of insulation is specified. || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | where mineral wool insulation is mechanically fastened through the uppermost insulation layer, an adhered non-flammable cover board with a thickness of no less than 12.5 mm (1/2”) is mandatory, to prevent fastener penetration of the adhered membrane. A cover board is not required where only the bottom layer of a multi-layer mineral wool insulation assembly is mechanically fastened. || 2018-January-25 }}
<br>
The following standards, principles and information also apply:

'''Heat Sensitive Insulation:''' On all heat sensitive insulation ({{hilite | polystyrene - both extruded and expanded || 2018-January-25 }}), an overlay consisting of two layers of acceptable cover board {{hilite | (each with min. 3/16" thickness) || 2018-January-25 }} is to be used when using {{hilite | hot-applied adhesive, when torch-welding || 2018-January-25 }} or where the cover board is less than 1/2" in thickness on torch-applied assemblies. Overlay board thickness shall not exceed 50 mm (2”).  Fibreboard shall not be used with flame-welded {{hilite | membrane || 2018-January-25 }} seams.

:'''A. Single layer system:''' When insulation is installed as a single layer, flame protection over the cover board is required. Install the insulation and cover board with the proprietary accepted adhesive. Seal over all board joints and wall transitions with membrane manufacturer's approved self-adhered membrane tape. 

:'''B. Two layer system:''' When using a hot-applied adhesive, back mop and flop first layer of overlay board, or use manufacturer's accepted proprietary adhesives per published directions, offsetting the joints from those of the insulation. Tape the joints before applying the second layer, offsetting the joints from both layers below.

Alternatively, the membrane manufacturer's proprietary insulation adhesives may be used to adhere accepted cover boards and insulation.

RoofStar-accepted mechanically attached asphalt core overlay boards [minimum thickness 4.5 mm (3/16") nominal] or insulation and insulation overlay boards specifically designed for torch applications, must be attached with nails with a minimum 25 mm (1") nominal head size placed a minimum of one nail per 0.093 m² (1 sq. ft.) or plates and screws placed a minimum of 0.186 m² (2 sq. ft.). Seal all board joints and wall transitions with membrane manufacturer’s approved self-adhered membrane or tapes.

==== Joint Taping ====
Acceptable materials for taping joints, of hot asphalt, and cold adhesive applied roof assemblies on overlay board, insulation, gypsum board, and primed plywood are minimum 150 mm (6") wide No.15 felt, 150 mm (6") wide Fibreglass roof tape, or 150 mm (6") wide sheathing (membrane breather-type to CAN / CGSB 51.32-M77). The only acceptable methods of hot asphalt installation are by back coating with asphalt, or laying with a back-coating machine expressly intended for the purpose. 

<div class="principles">For taping joints of asphalt core overlay boards, without poly film surfaces, manufacturers purpose made self-adhered modified bituminous tapes are acceptable for use with hot asphalt, torch welded and cold adhesive applied roof assemblies.
</div>


<hr>

==MEMBRANES==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Low-slope Membranes|'''Low-slope Membranes''']] ''Essential Elements''.
|}
=== General ===
While the roof is being applied, all membrane openings at eaves, walls, vents, etc. must be sealed to prevent moisture from entering roofing or between plies of stripping. 

NOTE: Fully nailed base sheet and torched cap sheet is considered a single-ply for Guarantee purposes.

Both the base sheet and cap sheet in 2-Ply modified bituminous systems must be of modified bitumen materials using the same polymer. For example, if the cap sheet is an SBS modified bitumen sheet, then the base sheet must be an SBS modified bitumen sheet. Oxidized asphalt sheets will be considered as underlay only and must not be counted as one of two plies. 

Both the base sheet and cap sheet must be installed in a parallel direction (not at 90° to each other).  

For the application of 2-ply ungranulated membranes; both the cap sheet and base sheet are to be applied separately. Shingle fashion application (i.e., 50% lap) is not acceptable except where membrane back nailing is required.

All modified bitumen base stripping terminating on vertical surfaces must be mechanically fastened. 

====Slope Limitations====
Only factory cap sheets are to be used on slopes exceeding 1:24 (1/2" in 12"). Manufacturers published instructions as to application methods, materials, and slope limitations are to be followed. On slopes less than 1:24 (1/2" in 12"), double pour, modified double pour or alternate modified double pour and gravel surfacing may be used.

====Membrane Lap Preparation====
* Manufacturer's printed instructions for overlaps are to be followed.
* Granules are to be embedded prior to forming laps on all torch applied modified bituminous cap sheets. 
* Membrane end lap corners must be cut on a bias (clipped or trimmed on an angle) prior to forming laps on all torch applied modified bituminous membrane roof systems.

===Material Selection===
See [[Flexible Membrane Roofing Systems: SBS|'''Accepted SBS Membranes''']] for '''''RoofStar Guaranteed''''' roof systems.  See also [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBS4|'''Section 3''']] for special requirements concerning '''''Membrane Roof Systems'''''.

{{hilite | Not all membranes are ideal or even acceptable for every type of application.  Below is a table that outlines the new minimum thickness and puncture resistance requirements for SBS-modified bituminous membranes, based on what type of assembly they will be used in (effective for projects bid after March 1, 2018): || 2019-February-16 }}

{|            class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto;border-color:#E7E9E9;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
|+           <big>SBS-modified Bituminous Membranes: Type, Reinforcement, Thickness and Accepted Applications</big> <br>All thicknesses shown are in mm; Puncture Resistance measured in Newtons (N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
!              colspan="1" style="border:none; background-color:#E7E9E9"      |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
!              colspan="4" rowspan="1"; style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"    |              2-Ply SBS Modified Roof Membranes: <br>Field & Membrane Flashing<br><br><span style="color:#2a4b8d"><big>Membrane Application Method</big></span> !! rowspan="11" style="border: none; background-color:#E7E9E9"            |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
!              colspan="2" rowspan="2";style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"     |              SBS Cap Sheet<br>under<br>Vegetated<br>Assemblies !! rowspan="11" style="border: none; background-color:#E7E9E9"                 |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
!              colspan="2" rowspan="2";style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"     |              Single-Ply SBS<br>Cap Sheet for<br>Slopes<br> >3/4:12 !! rowspan="11" style="border: none; background-color:#E7E9E9"               |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
!              colspan="2" rowspan="2";style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"     |                SBS<br>Waterproofing<br>Membranes                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
! |           Membrane Type, Reinforcement & Grade                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              <span style="color:#2a4b8d">Mechanically<br>Fastened</span>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              <span style="color:#2a4b8d">Adhesive<br>Applied</span>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              <span style="color:#2a4b8d">Self-<br>Adhered </span>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              <span style="color:#2a4b8d">Torch-<br>Applied  </span>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              Thickness<br><br>(mm)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              Puncture<br>Resistance<br>(N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              Thickness<br><br>(mm)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              Puncture<br>Resistance<br>(N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              Thickness<br><br>(mm)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
!              colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"      |              Puncture<br>Resistance<br>(N)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Base Sheet (fibreglass) - Grade 3                ||           2.3          ||                2.2          ||           2.3          ||           2.3          ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||                3.0          ||           n/a
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Base Sheet (polyester) - Grade 3                ||           2.5          ||                2.2          ||           2.5          ||           2.5          ||           3.5          ||           400         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||                3.0          ||           n/a
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Base Sheet (composite) - Grade 3              ||           2.3          ||                2.2          ||           2.3          ||           2.3          ||           3.5          ||           400         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||                3.0          ||           n/a
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Film Cap Sheet (fibreglass) - Grade 2        ||           n/a         ||                3.3          ||           3.3          ||           4.0          ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||                n/a         ||           n/a
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Film Cap Sheet (polyester) - Grade 2        ||           n/a         ||                3.5          ||           3.5          ||           4.0          ||           4.0          ||           400         ||           4.0          ||           400         ||                3.0          ||           400
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Film Cap Sheet (composite) - Grade 2      ||           n/a         ||                3.3          ||           3.3          ||           4.0          ||           4.0          ||           400         ||           4.0          ||           400         ||                3.0          ||           400
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Granular Cap Sheet (fibreglass) - Grade 1               ||           n/a                ||           3.3          ||           3.3          ||           4.0          ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||           n/a         ||           n/a                ||           n/a         ||           n/a
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Granular Cap Sheet (polyester) - Grade 1               ||           n/a                ||           3.5          ||           3.5          ||           4.0          ||           4.0          ||           400         ||           4.0          ||           400                ||           3.0          ||           400
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|              rowspan="1" style="text-align:left;"        |              Granular Cap Sheet (composite) - Grade 1             ||           n/a                ||           3.3          ||           3.3          ||           4.0          ||           4.0          ||           400         ||           4.0          ||           400                ||           3.0          ||           400
|-                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|}

===Application===
====Cold Weather====

In cold weather regions, membrane selection must conform to the membrane manufacturer’s recommendations for January in service design temperature.

====Single-Ply Modified Bituminous Membranes====
 
Membranes used for a single ply modified bituminous membrane system adhered or mechanically fastened shall be a minimum thickness of 3.5 mm on the selvage edge, with a minimum 150 g / meters squared polyester or equal strength polyester-fibreglass combination reinforcement.

Torch applied membrane applications require a deck separation sheet of a minimum 40-lb asphalt coated glass base sheet or torchable overlay board. Direct torch application to wood surfaces is not permitted. 

A minimum slope 1:15 (¾" in 12") is required. Any roof areas less than 1:15 (¾" in 12") require 2 ply membrane assemblies.At roof slope transitions locations where slopes of less than 1:15 (¾" in 12") meet steeper slopes a two ply membrane assembly must be carried 900 mm (36") beyond the lower sloped roof transition point. 

Membrane gussets must be installed to all inside and outside corners.

Modified Bituminous Base Sheet pre-stripping ply required at all perimeters, upstands and penetrations. Direct torch application to wood surfaces is not permitted.

Cap sheet stripping is required and must extend 150 mm (6") horizontally and 200 mm (8") vertically from the base of all upstands.

All stripping terminating on vertical surfaces must be mechanically fastened.

==== Mechanically Attached ====
On all adhered flexible membrane roof slopes that exceed 1:24 (½" in 12"), the manufacturer's published instructions are to be followed regarding mechanical fastening and/or back nailing of sheets, and the size and direction of sheet application to the direction of roof slope.

When applicable, all mechanically fastened flexible membrane systems installed under RoofStar guarantee shall conform to the CSA A123.21 Standard test method (latest edition) for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of mechanically attached membrane roofing systems.

'''Mechanically Attached Base Sheet'''

Cover wood surfaces with a minimum 40-lb asphalt coated fibreglass base sheet conforming to CAN / CSA – A123.16 – M88 (R1996), Type II or manufacturers’ accepted base sheets of equal or greater weight and reinforcement. Attachment of base sheets shall be a minimum of one nail, with a minimum 25mm (1") nominal head size, per 0.093 m2 (1 sq. ft.), or one plate and screw per 0.186 m2 (2 sq. ft). Lap base sheet end laps minimum 150 mm (6"), mechanically fix laps at 100 mm (4") o/c and seal all corner details with membrane manufacturers’ approved self adhered SBS membrane or tape. Wood surfaces must be “dry mop” dry, no pooling or standing water permitted. Metal base flashing is required on all vertical surfaces, walls, curbs, etc., that are 200 mm (8") or greater in height above the finished roof surface, when the mechanically attached base sheet method is used.

==== {{hilite | Cold-Applied and Self-Adhered Membranes || 2018-January-25 }}  ====
When the base sheet and cap sheet membrane {{hilite | assemblies are self-adhered or applied using a cold adhesive, the cap sheet membrane must be installed on a clean, dry base.  Therefore, barring extreme circumstances, and to comply with the manufacturer’s requirements, the base and cap sheets || 2018-January-25 }} must be installed and completed {{hilite | together on || 2018-January-25 }} the same work day. {{hilite | This standard does not apply where torch-applied cap membranes will be bonded to a self-adhering base membrane. || 2018-January-25 }}  Specifications and manufacturers’ written application instructions must be strictly followed. Phased installation of membranes is <u>not</u> permitted. 

RoofStar-accepted self-adhered membranes must be installed over wood surfaces to manufacturers&rsquo; product installation specifications. Self-adhered membranes must not be installed on contaminated wood surfaces. A minimum 9.5 mm (⅜") nominal thick plywood sheeting (overlay) must be installed over all contaminated wood surface (eg. asphalt) to receive self-adhered membranes. Metal wall base flashing is optional with these application methods.

Self-adhesive membranes must only be installed when ambient temperature meets or exceeds the manufacturer’s printed product installation temperatures. All self-adhesive field membranes must be fully rolled with a manufacturer’s accepted roller that is a minimum 34.2 kg (75 lbs.) or greater and provides an evenly dispersed weight. All flashing (stripping) membrane must be hand rolled with a membrane manufacturer’s accepted roller.

<span class="principles">The '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' accepts cold adhesive applied membranes installed over wood surfaces to manufacturers’ product installation specifications.</span>


=== Protected and Modified Protected Membranes ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''NOTE''': See more information on [[Protected and Modified Protected Roof Systems|'''Protected and Modified Protected Roof Systems''']] in Section B: Essential Elements.
|}
{{All Systems - Protected and Modified Protected Membranes}}


<hr>

== VEGETATED ROOF ASSEMBLIES, {{hilite | PLANTERS & OCCUPIED SPACES || 2018-January-25 }}  ==
===General ===
{{hilite | SBS Modified Bituminous membranes used on Landscaped and Vegetated conventionally insulated roofing systems with an overburden 150 mm (6”) or less in depth shall consist of two plies and the top ply (cap) must be a minimum thickness of 3.7 mm on the selvedge edge, with a minimum 180g / meters squared polyester or equal strength combination reinforcement. Thermoset and Thermo Plastic (EPDM, TPO, PVC) single ply membranes used for Landscaped and Vegetated roofing systems shall be fully adhered and a minimum thickness of 1.5mm (0.060"). || 2018-January-25 }}

{{hilite | For roof membrane systems insulated above the membrane (Protected Membrane Roof assemblies), refer to the membrane standards under [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Protected_and_Modified_Protected_Roof_Systems '''Protected and Modified Protected Membranes'''] and additional requirements set out below in '''10.1.2'''. || 2018-January-25 }}

===={{hilite | Definitions || 2018-January-25 }}====
:'''<big>{{hilite | Overburden || 2018-January-25 }}</big>'''
:{{hilite | In this Manual, “overburden” denotes any manner of material, equipment or installation that is situated on top of, and covering all or a portion of, a roof or waterproofing membrane assembly.  This excludes thermal insulation but includes, and is not limited to, || 2018-January-25 }} 
:* {{hilite | planters, inclusive of everything they contain; || 2018-January-25 }}
:* {{hilite | vegetated assemblies in trays, mats or other similar containers; || 2018-January-25 }}
:* {{hilite | loose growing media, gravel, sand or any other granular material; || 2018-January-25 }}
:* {{hilite | non-structural water features, inclusive of the water; || 2018-January-25 }}
:* {{hilite | void fill; || 2018-January-25 }}
:* {{hilite | tiles, pavers, supporting pedestals or other similar materials; || 2018-January-25 }}
:* {{hilite | equipment and/or installations, other than those mounted on curbs or structural mounts which are permanently waterproofed with the roof membrane assembly || 2018-January-25 }}

:'''<big>{{hilite | Extensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies || 2018-January-25 }}</big>'''
:Roof top gardens having minimal plant species diversity, irrigated only to establish plants, and typically having a soil depth of less than 150 mm or 6 inches.

:'''<big>Intensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies</big>'''
:Roof top gardens with diverse plant species, irrigated for maintenance and typically having a soil depth equal to or more than 150 mm or 6 inches.

===={{hilite | Design and Construction Requirements || 2018-January-25 }}====
{{hilite | '''Roof Systems – Options and Requirements''' || 2018-January-25 }}

{{hilite | A conventional roof membrane assembly is not appropriate for all types of roofs supporting overburden.  For example, overburden weight, and hydrostatic pressure exerted because of certain types of overburden, demand different materials and design approaches to ensure membranes do not fail.  Therefore, where || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | the designed overburden of the roof assembly (excluding plants) equals or exceeds 150 mm (6”) in depth, or || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | the point-loading of overburden equals or exceeds 138 kPa (20 psi); or || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | moveable planters or equipment/installations on a roof each weigh 90 Kg (200 lbs) or more || 2018-January-25 }}
<br>
{{hilite | the roof must be designed and constructed to comply with all the requirements for a '''Protected Membrane Roof''' assembly (insulated above the membrane); under these circumstances, conventionally insulated roof assemblies (insulated beneath the membrane) are not permitted under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''.  Furthermore, both a Moisture Survey Scan of the installed membrane assembly and a permanently installed electric leak detection system are mandatory (for leak detection system requirements, refer to the || 2018-January-25 }} [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=RoofStar_Guarantee_Standards_for_Waterproofing '''RoofStar Guarantee Standards for Waterproofing Plazas, Promenades and Terraces''']).  {{hilite | EPDM roof membranes are therefore excluded from these applications. || 2018-January-25 }}

<p class="principles">{{hilite | The cost of removal and re-installation or replacement of any such equipment, installations, planters, overburden (or services and connections associated with them) is the sole responsibility of the building owner, whether for the purpose of investigating a leak or conducting warrantable repairs to the membrane. || 2018-January-25 }}</p>

{|	class="wikitable" colspan="8"; style="margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: 2px;"					
|+	Some types of overburdens are not permitted on conventionally insulated roof systems.  Use the chart below to determine whether or not your overburden design is appropriate for a conventional roof.  If it isn’t, the roof must be designed as a '''Protected Membrane Assembly Roof''' and will require a leak detection system.					
! rowspan="2" style="width:150pt; text-align:left;"| <big>Roof Assembly Type</big>
! colspan="8" style=width:600pt; text-align:center" | <big>Overburden characteristics</big>
|-
| colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | '''< 90 kg ea.<br>object''' || colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | '''= / > 90 kg ea.<br>object''' || colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | '''< 138 kPa<br>(20 psi)<br>point load''' || colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | '''= / > 138 kPa<br>(20 psi)<br>point load''' || colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | '''< 150 mm<br>(6") depth''' || colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | '''= / > 150 mm<br>(6") depth'''
|-
| style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;background: #a2a9b1;" | '''CONVENTIONAL<br>ROOF SYSTEM''' || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-times"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-times"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-times"></i>
|-
| style="text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | Integrity Scan || colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ffffcc;" | '''Not available for Conventional Roof Systems under the RoofStar Guarantee Program'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | Leak Detection System || colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ffffcc;" | '''Not available for Conventional Roof Systems under the RoofStar Guarantee Program'''
|-
| style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;background: #a2a9b1;" | '''PROTECTED MEMBRANE<br>ROOF SYSTEM''' || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | '''Required''' || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | '''Required''' || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="border-top: 2px solid black;text-align:center;" | '''Required'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | Integrity Scan || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | '''Required''' || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | '''Required''' || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | '''Required'''
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;background: #c8ccd1;" | Leak Detection System || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | '''Required''' || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | '''Required''' || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | <i class="fa fa-check"></i> || colspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | '''Required'''
|-
|}

:<i class="fa fa-check"></i> = Permissible (but not required)<br>
:<i class="fa fa-times"></i> = Not Permissible


{{hilite | For further requirements concerning leak detection for Rooftop Gardens, Planters & Occupied Spaces, see '''10.7 Membrane Moisture Surveys and Electric Leak Detection'''. || 2018-January-25 }}

===Membrane Protection===
Protection for roofing membranes is required during the installation and maintenance of landscaping, extensive and intensive vegetated (green) roofing installations. The minimum membrane protection must be installed by the roofing or waterproofing contractor and shall be 3 mm (⅛") asphalt core protection board or 25 mm (1") minimum extruded polystyrene insulation plus filter mat, root intrusion barrier, and drainage layer. Tightly butt all protection and insulation boards, overlap all filter mat seams and seal all laps of roof intrusion barriers to RoofStar Guarantee Standards and manufacturer’s installation instructions.

<p class="principles">Only RoofStar-accepted SBS Modified Bituminous, Thermoset and Thermoplastic roofing membranes that are specifically accepted by the membrane manufacturer for use on Landscaped and Vegetated (green) roof systems qualify for coverage under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''.</p>

<p class="principles">The Membrane Manufacturer and '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' must confirm acceptance of other alternative protection systems or components in writing. Damage to membranes and flashings that results from the use of plants with aggressive root structures, (Bamboo, Willow etc.) for landscaped and green (vegetated) roof systems, is not the responsibility of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' and is specifically not covered under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''. For additional information refer to the latest addition of the ''British Columbia Landscape Standard'', Green Roof Section.</p>

<b>Conventionally insulated roof assemblies</b> are required to have a minimum 12.5mm (½") adhered <b>RoofStar-accepted gypsum</b> overlay board, and insulation boards with a minimum compressive strength of 20 psi, under the roof membrane for <b>extensive</b> vegetated systems (with depth less than 150 mm, or 6").  <b>Intensive</b> vegetated systems (with depth equal to or greater than 150 mm, or 6") are not permitted over conventionally insulated roof systems.

====Root Barriers & Separation Zones====
Proprietary root intrusion barriers must be acceptable to the roof membrane manufacturer and appropriate for the vegetation system installed. Polyethylene or polypropylene sheeting used as a root barrier shall be a minimum thickness of .2mm (8mils). Root Barriers shall be sheets or boards installed in a continuous plane above the roof membrane, carried up the inside of soil retention perimeters (separation zones), and must be installed with sealed laps and seams as per manufacturer's instructions. 

Separation Zones that are free of growing medium and vegetation are required around all roof perimeters, up-stands, drains, penetrations, mechanical equipment, expansion joints, etc. Zones must be a minimum of 300 mm (12”) wide and constructed with curbs or other physical barriers that separate and facilitate drainage. Physical barriers must be placed above the membrane protection layers and must not be attached through or penetrate the roof membrane.

====Drainage====
A drainage layer is required.  Specialized proprietary drainage products must be acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.

=== Planter Design & Waterproofing ===
<div class="recommended">Non-structural planters placed over landscaped deck and roofing membranes, with an appropriate protection layer, are strongly recommended whenever practical.</div>

===CSA A123.24 and Wind Uplift===
{{hilite | All vegetated roof systems using a modular system are required to meet CSA A123.24 “Standard test method for wind resistance of modular vegetated roof assembly” (latest edition). || 2017-April-22 }}

=== Overburdens ===
====Extensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies====
<p class="principles">Where {{hilite | '''Extensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies''' || 2017-April-22 }} are installed as part of the roofing specification and / or contract, the costs for removal and replacement of soil to access the membrane, to investigate or repair leaks in the membrane, are included in the RoofStar Guarantee coverage. However, the removal and replacement of plants, irrigation lines and or equipment, electrical lines, landscape and decorative features such as concrete pads, statues, planters, large rocks, etc., to investigate or repair leaks in the membrane, is not included, and is the responsibility of others. Subsequently, such access shall be provided and/or paid for by others.</p>
<div id=SBSINTENSIVE></div>

====Intensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies====
<p class="principles">{{hilite | '''Intensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies''' || 2017-April-22 }} installed as part of the roofing specification and/or contract are permitted on conventionally insulated membrane roof assemblies provided the depth of the growing medium does not exceed {{hilite | 150 mm (6″) || 2018-January-25 }}.</p>

<p class="principles">When an Intensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies with growing medium greater than {{hilite | 150 mm (6”) || 2018-January-25 }} forms part of the roofing specification and/or contract, the roof must be designed and constructed to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for a [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSPMRA|'''Protected Membrane Roof assembly''']] (see 10.1.2 above).  Consequently, the removal and replacement of such overburden is the responsibility of the others, and such costs do not form part of the coverage under a '''RoofStar Guarantee'''.</p>

====Planters====

<p class="principles">Structural planters that incorporate pre-curb or start-up curbs for walls that are completely sealed with membrane and are a minimum of 100 mm (4") in height, as detailed in Construction Detail [[SBS Details:D1.7.6-5 Curbs & Sleepers (Pre-curb for Planters)|'''D1.7.6-5 Curbs & Sleepers (Pre-curb for Planters)''']], qualify for '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' coverage. Waterproofing liners in planters with structural walls, concrete curb or other materials, that do not incorporate pre-curbs shall be isolated and separated from the guaranteed roofing membrane and are specifically not accepted under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.</p>

<span class="recommended">Non-structural planters placed over landscaped deck and roofing membranes, with an appropriate protection layer, are strongly recommended whenever practical.</span> Structural planters that incorporate pre-curb or start-up curbs for walls that are completely sealed with membrane and are a minimum of 100 mm (4") in height, as detailed in [[SBS Details:D1.7.6-5 Curbs & Sleepers (Pre-curb for Planters)|'''D1.7.6-5 Curbs & Sleepers (Pre-curb for Planters)''']], qualify for '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' coverage.

Waterproofing liners in planters with structural walls, concrete curb or other materials, that do not incorporate pre-curbs shall be isolated and separated from the guaranteed roofing membrane and are specifically not accepted under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''. {{hilite | Conventionally insulated roof assemblies || 2017-April-22 }} are required to have a minimum 12.5mm (½") adhered approved RoofStar-accepted gypsum overlay board, and insulation boards with a minimum compressive strength of 20 psi, under the roof membrane for extensive vegetated systems (less than 150 mm, 6" in depth). {{hilite | '''Intensive Vegetated Roof Assemblies''' || 2017-April-22 }} in excess of 150 mm (6") or more in depth are not permitted over conventionally insulated roof systems.

=== Walkways and Warning Zones ===
<p class="principles">When primary roof membranes of contrasting colour are used for warning zones, membrane end lap off sets and ply side lap directions must be maintained. Staggered membrane end lap offsets may be positioned below primary roof membranes that are used for warning zones.</p>

Where walkways are employed, they must be designed to facilitate drainage of water.  To promote drainage, use accepted concrete-topped XPS insulation panels, or pavers located on purpose-made pedestals.  When pavers are used as the walkway material, they must be spaced no closer than 3mm (1/8″) and must be supported by non-abrasive pads or proprietary pedestals providing a minimum of 12.5 mm (1/2″) of vertical separation layer for airflow and levelling.  The choice of pedestal or drainage layer type is the responsibility of the design authority. Pedestals provide airflow for drying surfaces and assist in leveling. They should not impede the flow of water or air, and should uniformly distribute the dead load of pavers and predicted live loads.

<p class="reference">A design authority or membrane manufacturer may specify a proprietary walkway protection system or warning zone membrane over the primary roof membrane. Walkway and warning zone materials are not part of the roofing membrane assembly but are typically accessory products that are placed over completed roof membranes. Subsequently the type and performance of any walkway or warning zone material is specifically excluded from coverage under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', as is any detrimental effect the materials may have on the roof system.</p>

==={{hilite | Membrane Moisture Surveys and Electric Leak Detection || 2018-January-25 }}===
===={{hilite | General || 2018-January-25 }}====
{{hilite | A Membrane Moisture Survey and permanently installed electric leak detection system is mandatory for all roofs that must be designed and installed to meet the requirements for a RoofStar Guaranteed Protected Membrane Roof assembly (see '''10.1'''). || 2018-January-25 }}
===={{hilite | Flood Testing || 2018-January-25 }}====
<span class="recommended">{{hilite | Flood Testing is not a recommended practice but is at the discretion of the design authority or owner. || 2018-January-25 }}</span> {{hilite | If flood testing is required to water test waterproofing membranes, testing shall be conducted prior to installation of insulation and overburdens and be performed to [https://www.astm.org/Standard/standards-and-publications.html '''ASTM D5957 - 98''']. || 2018-January-25 }} 
===={{hilite | Application || 2018-January-25 }}====
====={{hilite | '''Moisture Scan Survey''' || 2018-January-25 }}=====
:{{hilite | Membrane moisture survey scans must be performed on all waterproofing membrane systems by an independent Moisture Detection Company that is specifically accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''. || 2018-January-25 }} 

====='''{{hilite | Leak Detection Systems || 2018-January-25 }}'''=====
{{hilite | Only electric leak detection systems (utilizing high or low voltage) accepted for use in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' may be installed and monitored on waterproofing systems designed and accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''. || 2018-January-25 }}

{{hilite | A Membrane Moisture Survey and an installed electric leak detection system is <u>not required</u> on PMR or MPMR roof systems when the roof system is designed and constructed with || 2018-January-25 }} 
:{{hilite | * overburden not exceeding 150 mm (6”) in depth, or || 2018-January-25 }}
:{{hilite | * moveable planters or equipment/installations on a roof each weighing less than 90 Kg (200 lbs); or || 2018-January-25 }}
:{{hilite | * standard concrete pavers on pedestals || 2018-January-25 }}  
<p>{{hilite | Regardless of the accepted leak detection technology employed, the leak detection system must provide detection capabilities for the entire affected deck surface and extend leak detection a minimum of 50 mm (2") vertically from the water plane at || 2018-January-25 }} </p>
:{{hilite | * all transitions; || 2018-January-25 }}
:{{hilite | * any point along the entire deck perimeter; and at || 2018-January-25 }}
:{{hilite | * protrusions. || 2018-January-25 }}

{{hilite | Where the electric leak detection system of choice utilizes a sensor ribbon installed on the waterproofing membrane in a grid pattern, the ribbon spacing shall be no less than two (2) metres in any direction for waterproofing systems covered by the Overburden. || 2018-January-25 }}

===={{hilite | Leak Detection for Sensitive Occupied Spaces || 2018-January-25 }}====
<span class="recommended">{{hilite | Designers are strongly encouraged to consider specifying an insulated (PM) membrane system and mandatory leak detection protection for a RoofStar Guarantee when the occupied space below a roof area contains, or will contain, || 2018-January-25 }}</span>
* <span class="recommended">{{hilite | highly sensitive equipment or contents (e.g. hospitals, art galleries), or || 2018-January-25 }}</span>
* <span class="recommended">{{hilite | electronic systems (e.g. communications or data centres) || 2018-January-25 }}</span>
<br>
<span class="recommended">{{hilite | Criteria for evaluating the sensitivity of building interiors is left to the Design Authority. || 2018-January-25 }}</span>

<hr>

== PERIMETER & DETAIL FLASHING: Membranes ==
=== General ===
Membrane flashing (stripping) details (with the exception of low parapets, cant strip edges and RoofStar-accepted door sill details) must be designed to provide a minimum 200 mm (8") sealed height above the finished roof surfacing. Surfacing is defined as the top of the roofing assembly, be it membrane, ballast or growing medium (soil). All membrane flashing (stripping) terminating on a vertical surface must be mechanically fastened. 

If no published instructions are available, specific instructions in writing from the manufacturer must be obtained and filed with the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' before project start-up.

<p class="principles">The roof system must be designed in keeping with assemblies tested to and compliant with [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBS4| '''CSA A123.21''']] (latest edition), and include a calculation for the building wind load requirements using the [http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/projects/irc/calculator.html '''Wind-RCI calculator'''].</p>

===Material Selection===
See [[Flexible Membrane Roofing Systems: SBS|'''Accepted SBS Membranes''']] for '''''RoofStar Guaranteed''''' roof systems.

===Application===
====Vertical Surface Application and Termination====
<p class="reference">There is no minimum height requirement for exterior walls, (e.g. eave drip and gravel stop flashing)</p>

{{hilite | All stripping terminating on vertical surfaces must be mechanically fastened.  Fasteners shall be installed to suit/match vertical structural supports but shall be placed no more than 24” o/c. || 2017-April-22 }}

All membrane flashing (stripping) terminating at cladded (i.e. stucco, siding, etc.) walls must lap under the sheathing membrane and cladding by minimum of 75 mm (3").

All membrane flashing (stripping) terminating under a reglet must be sealed to the wall with a compatible mastic (see '''[[SBS Details:D1.7.4-1 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Deck - Wall Supported)|D1.7.4-1 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Deck - Wall Supported)]]''' et al).

====='''Wood Surfaces'''=====
Direct torch (open flame) to wood surfaces is NOT permitted. All wood surfaces, decks, walls, blocking, cants, etc., MUST be protected from torch (open flame) by an acceptable separation or overlay material. Acceptable options include:

:.1 '''RoofStar-accepted self-adhered and cold adhesive applied membranes''' -  install over wood surfaces to manufacturers' product installation specifications. Self-adhered membranes must not be installed on contaminated wood surfaces. A minimum 9.5 mm (3/8") nominal thick plywood sheeting (overlay) must be installed over all contaminated wood surface (eg. asphalt) to receive self-adhered membranes. Metal wall base flashing is optional with these application methods.

:A reverse lap application method for base sheet and base sheet flashing (stripping), at roof up stand transitions, is permitted when self-adhered base sheet flashing is used as flame protection for wood surfaces. Use of the reverse lap method must be an acceptable application method to the membrane manufacturer.  The self-adhered base sheet must extend a minimum of 150 mm (6") onto the roof surface.  The heat welded field membrane must be turned up at the vertical surface a minimum of 100 mm (4") or a heat welded base sheet transition gusset extending 100 mm (4") onto the roof and upstand surfaces be installed.

:.2 '''Mechanically Attached Base Sheet''' - Cover wood surfaces with a minimum 40-lb asphalt-coated fibreglass base sheet conforming to CAN / CSA &ndash; A123.16 &ndash; M88 (R1996), Type II or manufacturers' accepted base sheets of equal or greater weight and reinforcement. Attachment of base sheets shall be a minimum of one nail, with a minimum 25mm (1") nominal head size, per 0.093 m2 (1 sq. ft.), or one plate and screw per 0.186 m2 (2 sq. ft). Lap base sheet end laps minimum 150 mm (6"), mechanically fix laps at 100 mm (4") o/c and seal all corner details with membrane manufacturers&rsquo; approved self-adhered SBS membrane or tape. Wood surfaces must be &ldquo;dry mop&rdquo; dry, no pooling or standing water permitted. Metal base flashing is required on all vertical surfaces, walls, curbs, etc., that are 200 mm (8") or greater in height above the finished roof surface, when the mechanically attached base sheet method is used.

:.3 '''RoofStar-accepted asphalt core overlay boards (minimum thickness 4.5 mm (3/16") nominal) or insulation and insulation overlay boards specifically designed for torch applications''' - mechanically attach with nails with a minimum 25 mm (1") nominal head size placed a minimum of one nail per 0.093 m&sup2; (1 sq. ft.) or plates and screws placed a minimum of 0.186 m&sup2; (2 sq. ft.). Seal all board joints and wall transitions with membrane manufacturer&rsquo;s approved self-adhered membrane or tapes. Alternatively a mechanically attached minimum 25-lb asphalt coated fibreglass base sheet conforming to CAN / CSA &ndash; A123.16 &ndash; M88 (R1996), Type II or 30-lb non-perforated felt conforming to CSA A123.3-M may be used prior to installing asphalt core overlay boards on wood decks. Metal wall base flashing is optional with these application methods. Wood surfaces must be &ldquo;dry mop&rdquo; dry, no pooling or standing water permitted.

:.4 '''Hot Asphalt Adhered''' - Install modified bituminous stripping (flashing) membranes to manufacturers&rsquo; installation specifications with conventional Type 3 or 4 oxidized asphalt or Type 3 or 4 SEBS modified asphalt. The asphalt temperature must conform to the membrane manufacturer's minimum application temperature and minimum +205&#176;C (+400&#176;F) as required by '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards'''''.  Metal base flashing is required on all vertical surfaces, walls, curbs, etc. when hot asphalt is used to adhere stripping (flashing) membranes.

====Liquid Membranes====
Liquid membrane flashing systems are manufactured from various bituminous and non-bituminous materials.  These manufactured proprietary flashing systems are specifically designed for use to flash unusual roof penetration shapes or roof details that are difficult to flash with traditional membranes.

Liquid membrane flashings are available as one or two part component systems that require reinforcement scrims for strength. To ensure quality installation, manufacturers&#8217; proprietary application instructions must be strictly followed.

====Curbs====
Curbed openings (HVAC, skylights, etc.) must be a minimum height of 200 mm (8") and have at least one ply of membrane flashing (stripping) carried to the inside edge of the curb, or up under the built-in counter-flashing of pre-manufactured metal curbs (i.e. roof scuttles or HVAC) (see Detail '''[[SBS Details:D1.7.6-3 Curbs & Sleepers (Basic Curb)|D1.7.6-3 Curbs & Sleepers (Basic Curb)]]''').

====Parapets====
Parapet walls may be less than 200 mm (8") in height, but not less than 87.7 mm (3½") in height. 

All cant edge and parapet wall details must have membrane flashing (stripping) that overlaps the exterior finish (i.e. wall cladding) by a minimum of 50 mm (2"). On high parapet walls, that are completely flashed with metal, where membrane flashing (stripping) is terminated part way up the wall the remainder of the parapet must be covered with a flashing underlay of a minimum 40 mils or 1 mm (.040") self-adhered modified bitumen membrane.  15-lb felt is not acceptable (see Detail '''[[SBS Details:D1.7.1-1 Assemblies (Insulated Conventional)|D1.7.1-1 Assemblies (Insulated Conventional)]]''').

====Wall Intersections====
Where a parapet, cant or separation / expansion joint detail intersects with a higher wall; the membrane flashing (stripping) must be sealed by gussets (membrane saddles) that are formed to protect the inside and outside corners (see '''[[SBS Details:D1.7.2-4 Parapets & Copings (Parapet - Wall Transition)|D1.7.2-4 Parapets & Copings (Parapet - Wall Transition)]]''').

====Sequencing====
<span class="principles">New construction projects must follow proper sequencing. Where roof flashings overlap work by others (i.e. siding, stucco, etc.), this work must be complete prior to the installation of metal flashing or wood blocking must be installed to facilitate the future installation of the exterior wall finish under the cap flashing. When lapping under work by others (siding, stucco, etc.), the membrane and metal roof flashings must be installed prior to any wall coverings. Any variance to proper detail sequencing must be approved by the design authority in writing.</span>

<span class="principles">A reverse lap application method for base sheet and base sheet flashing (stripping), at roof up stand transitions, is permitted when self-adhered base sheet flashing is used as flame protection for wood surfaces. Use of the reverse lap method must be an acceptable application method to the membrane manufacturer.</span>
==== Cant Strips ====
(See also '''10.3.4 Parapets''' above)

'''Wood''': Cant strips are only required as recommended by the membrane manufacturer. The use of hemlock lumber for construction of cant strips and related blocking is not acceptable. 

'''Fibre Cants''': Only fibre cants manufactured from non-combustible materials i.e.: perlitic or fire-resistant fibreboard are acceptable for use on roof systems with torch applied membranes. 

The self-adhered base sheet must extend a minimum of 150 mm (6") onto the roof surface. The heat welded field membrane must be turned up at the vertical surface a minimum of 100 mm (4") or a heat welded base sheet transition gusset extending 100 mm (4") onto the roof and upstand surfaces be installed. 

Membrane gussets must be installed to all inside and outside corners.
 
Modified Bituminous Base Sheet pre-stripping ply required at all perimeters, upstands and penetrations.  Cap sheet stripping is required and must extend 150 mm (6") horizontally and 200 mm (8") vertically from the base of all upstands.

==== Sleepers and Roof Separation (Expansion and Control) Joints ====
Roof Separation Joints (Expansion and Control Joints, etc.) / Equipment Sleepers / Safety Anchor Piers (poured in place pads) that are completely sealed (enveloped) with membrane flashing (stripping) may be less than 200 mm (8") in height but must not be less than 100 mm (4") in height above the finished roof surface. 

{{hilite | Proprietary elastomeric expansion joint systems, manufactured with an EPDM-based core and flanges that can be fully bonded to the primary membrane, are acceptable for use in low-sloped membrane roof assemblies when the systems are located a minimum of 200mm (8") above the finished roof surface and are completely sheathed (covered) with sloped metal flashing.  Such joints must be || 2019-February-16 }}
:a.	{{hilite | accepted for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program; || 2019-February-16 }}
:b.	{{hilite | compatible with the roof membrane and acceptable to the membrane manufacturer; || 2019-February-16 }}
:c.	{{hilite | designed and manufactured to accommodate building movements of at least 500% elongation at -40° C (-40° F) across its length and at all vulcanized points; || 2019-February-16 }}
:d.	{{hilite | factory-fabricated by means of vulcanization; || 2019-February-16 }}
:e.	{{hilite | manufactured as one piece, complete with all joints, details and connections; || 2019-February-16 }}
:f.	{{hilite | Bonded with the primary membrane in a manner acceptable to the manufacturers of both the expansion joint and the membrane to which it will be bonded. || 2019-February-16 }}

{{hilite | Field splicing of proprietary elastomeric expansion joints is permitted only when made with a machine acceptable to the expansion joint manufacturer.  All other field splices are not permitted. || 2019-February-16 }}

==== Door Openings ====
Door sill membrane flashing (stripping) may be less than 200 mm (8") in height but must not be less than 100 mm (4") above the primary roof membrane and must be installed to comply with the following conditions: 
*A metal water stop flashing, formed with pan folded, welded or soldered corners must be mechanically attached to inside of door sill framing or opening and be sealed with membrane flashing (stripping). 
*Membrane flashing (stripping) or a metal pan sill flashing must be installed at doorjamb framing or opening to a minimum height of 100 mm (4") above door sill framing or opening, prior to installation of doorjambs and door sills. 
*Membrane gussets must be installed at sill corners.
*A metal pan sill flashing or RoofStar-accepted reinforced liquid flashing systems must be installed wherever clearances preclude the use of membrane flashing (stripping) to seal door sill details.
*Slopes must be provided to direct water away from door sill details. (Overhangs are recommended wherever practical).
*Overflow drains in that area must be installed a minimum 25 mm (1") lower in height than adjacent door sills.
*{{hilite | When design or safety codes require minimal elevation changes between a low door sill and an outdoor walking surface (ref. BC Building Code, latest edition), the walking surface must be pavers placed on proprietary pedestals designed with a least 12.5 mm (1/2″) clearance between the finished roof surface and the paver. Alternatively, pea gravel may be used in place of pedestals, but must be installed above a dimple-style drainage board. || 2017-April-22 }}

==== Built-in Membrane Gutters ====
<span class="principles">When a built in membrane gutter joins a '''''RoofStar''''' guaranteed sloped roof; the gutter will be included by the Guarantee. Built-in membrane gutters that drain a roof not covered by a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' are not eligible for a Guarantee.</span>

Membranes installed as a gutter liner must be fully adhered and mechanically fastened at terminations. The accepted flexible membrane roofing system must be installed to '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' and the manufacturer's printed instructions.

Built in gutter membranes must extend up the roof slope to a point, which is 150 mm (6") <b>vertically</b> above the maximum water level of the gutter or outside parapet height (see [[ASM Details:E1.7.16 (Built-in Gutter Membrane / Underlayment / Vapour Barrier Transition)|'''Detail E1.7.16''']] and [[ASM Details:E1.7.17 (Built-in Gutter)|'''Detail E1.7.17''']])

{{hilite | Fasteners shall be installed 4” or more above the maximum water line, and gutters must include a scupper overflow drain. || 2017-April-22 }}


<hr>

== ROOF PENETRATIONS and DRAINS ==
=== General ===

Flanges - All roof flanges in contact with asphaltic membranes of any type shall be primed both sides with membrane manufacturers approved primer and embedded in a trowel coating of compatible mastic. Flanges are to be a minimum of 100 mm (4") wide.

Lead flanges in contact with asphaltic membranes of any type shall be embedded in a trowel coating of compatible plastic cement. Priming is not required. 

All vent plumbing flashings shall be constructed of non-ferrous material.

All roof protrusion and penetration flashings, vents, curbs, sleepers, pipes cable, drains, etc. shall NOT be installed LESS than 200mm (8") from the base of walls, cants, eaves and other roof equipment, protrusion and penetration flashings. The exceptions are overflow drains and roof scuppers that are installed through walls. These items are to be located by others.

=== Gum Pans (Sealant Pockets) ===

With the exception of one on-site formed double standing seam corner joint and adjoining lapped flange joint, all flange corners shall be closed and soldered.  <span class="principles">Use only membrane manufacturer’s approved proprietary urethane based structural sealants to fill gum pans or pitch pockets.</span>

<span class="principles">Install a back-up storm collar whenever practical</span>. <span class="recommended">This detail should be avoided; only use gum pans or pitch pockets as a last resort when other methods are impractical.</span>

===Liquid Membranes===
Refer above to [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Assemblies#SBSLIQUID|'''11.3.2 Liquid Membranes''']] for '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' and Guiding Principles governing the application of '''reinforced''' and '''non-reinforced''' liquid membrane flashing.

=== Strip-in Flashings ===
====Strip-in Type Vents ====
* Strip-in type roof penetration flashings (lead, aluminium, stainless steel, copper, etc.) must be properly sized to fit pipe penetrations or alternatively, when pipes are irregular in size, spray foam urethane insulation may be used to fill gaps between pipes and flashings. Strip-in type roof penetration flashings are only permitted for use with single pipe roof penetrations, must incorporate properly fitted settlement caps, and be a minimum height of 200 mm (8") above finished roof surfaces. Pipes that are higher than standard flashings must have site formed non-bituminous flexible roof membrane storm collars sealed with compatible sealants and stainless steel clamps. {{hilite | Where shrink-wrapped terminations are employed, they shall be fitted with a stainless steel mechanical compression strap, and sealant shall be applied between shrink-wrap and penetration. || 2017-April-22 }}
* The use of lead jack flashings is not permitted for use on torch applied membrane roofs. 
* Strip-in type flashings for cables and multiple roof penetrations including grouped pipes and or cables must be purpose made roof flashings. All purpose-made multiple penetration flashings must provide a positive weather seal by use of manufacturer’s proprietary rubber based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design, and be a minimum height of 200 mm (8") above finished roof surfaces. Alternatively, roof curbs with metal hoods may be used to seal cables and multiple roof penetrations.
* Strip-in vents will not be permitted for use in protected or modified protected membrane roofs. Curb mounting for all venting units and equipment except lead or aluminium jacks is mandatory. Curbs are to be supplied and installed by others. Curbs are to be a minimum 200 mm (8") in height above top of finished surfacing. 
* Strip-in type vents are permitted up to 350 mm x 350 mm (14" x 14"), equal to approximately 0.12 meter squared (196 sq. in.) on exposed or conventionally-placed membrane roofs, provided the vents are not located in or near a valley and are well drained.
* All strip-in flanges shall have fully soldered seams up to 200 mm (8") above roof level, and all open corners of flanges shall be filled in and soldered watertight. Flanges shall be mechanically attached on all nailable decks and unless specified otherwise adhered only on non-nailable decks, with a membrane compatible sealant. 
* All galvanized steel strip-in flange style penetration and protrusion flashings installed on low slope roof systems, with slopes of less than 1:50 (1/4” in 12”),` shall have a proprietary membrane manufacturer approved rust resistant coating site applied from the base of the roof flange up-stand intersection to a minimum height of 100mm (4") above the finished roof surface.

==== Strip-in Curbs ====
* are to be a minimum 200 mm (8") in height above top of finished surfacing.
* are to be supplied and installed by others.


All purpose-made multiple penetration flashings must provide a positive weather seal by use of manufacturer’s proprietary rubber based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design, and be a minimum height of 200 mm (8") above finished roof surfaces.

<p class="reference">Metal wall base flashing is optional with these application methods.</p>

===={{hilite | Guardrails || 2017-April-22 }}====
<span class="principles">{{hilite | Guardrails should be installed only on vertical surfaces; attachment of guardrails to a horizontal surface is strongly discouraged.|| 2017-April-22 }}</span> {{hilite | Where guardrails are fastened through the top of copings, the base of the guardrail shall be flashed with a compatible reinforced membrane flashing material, applied according to the primary membrane flashing manufacturer’s specifications. || 2017-April-22 }}

{{hilite | Guardrails shall not direct water into a roof system by means of weep holes or the method of fastening, and mounts and flashings shall be installed at least 87.7 mm (3 ½”) above the roof surface. || 2017-April-22 }}

=== Roof Drains and Scuppers ===
{{hilite | A roof drain, in this Manual, means “a fitting or device that is installed in the roof to permit storm water to discharge into a ''leader''.” (BCPC, Division A, Part 1).  A ''leader'' “means a pipe that is installed to carry ''storm water'' from a roof to a ''storm building drain'' or sewer or other place of disposal” (BCPC, Division A, Part 1).  An overflow is a secondary roof drain that serves as a safeguard when roof drains fail. || 2018-January-25 }}

<p class="reference">{{hilite | Roof drains are comprised mainly of two parts: a bowl or flange that is affixed to the roof deck with mechanical fasteners or a proprietary clamping mechanism; and an integral drain stem that connects the bowl or flange to the leader.  Roof drains are sized according to the diameter of the drain stem.  The appropriate size and number of roof drains for any given roof area is determined by the relevant municipal and/or provincial building code in force (ref. BCPC, Division B – Part 2; 2.4.10.4 Hydraulic Loads from Roofs or Paved Surfaces). || 2018-January-25 }}</p>

{{hilite | Roof drains can be further classified as internal or external.  Internal roof drains are connected to leaders located and connected to a storm building drain or sewer inside the exterior surface of a building.  External roof drains drain storm water outside the exterior surface of a building.  External roof drains may connect to leaders.  Any requirements for leaders and connections to leaders may be found in the applicable municipal and provincial building and plumbing codes (ref. BCBC, 5.6.2.2 Accumulation and Disposal). || 2018-January-25 }}

Roof drains and other roof accessories are to be installed as per membrane manufacturer's instructions.

===={{hilite | Internal Roof || 2018-January-25 }} Drains====
{{hilite | All drains shall be connected to internal leaders only with mechanical compression type seals. “O”- rings, mastics and caulking are not acceptable methods for sealing internal roof drains to leaders. || 2018-January-25 }}

====={{hilite | '''Cast-iron Roof Drains''' || 2018-January-25 }}=====
All cast-iron roof drains must be flashed as follows:
:.1 A minimum 14.6 kg / m&sup2; (3 lb / sq ft) lead sheet. The flange must extend a minimum of 150 mm (6") beyond the perimeter of the drain and be embedded in compatible mastic. The lead flange must extend a minimum of 25 mm (1") into the bowl. The trade supplying the roof drain shall supply the lead flashing material.

:.2 A 1 m x 1 m (39" x 39"), 3 mm thick modified bituminous base sheet may be used in place of lead flashing on cast drains. The base sheet must be embedded in compatible mastic on the drain bowl flange and extend a minimum of 25 mm (1") into the bowl.
When cast-iron roof drains are used; a sump receiver and under-deck clamp must be provided and installed by the trade supplying the roof drain. In addition, the trade supplying roof drains must also provide secondary stainless steel debris strainers in addition to primary drain strainers on all roofing systems that utilize gravel ballast and or growing mediums (soil). Only the use of drain manufacturer’s proprietary secondary stainless steel debris strainers is acceptable.

====={{hilite | '''Flange-type Roof Drains''' || 2018-January-25 }}=====
{{hilite | Flange-type drains typically include || 2018-January-25 }} 
* {{hilite | Bowl-style drains with an extended flange, and || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | flat drains without a bowl || 2018-January-25 }}
{{hilite | Drains for use in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' must be hot-welded at the joints between the bowl/flange and drain stem. || 2018-January-25 }}


All flange type roof drains shall be constructed of non-ferrous material {{hilite | and include a primary drain strainer. || 2018-January-25 }} Flanged copper drains shall be formed from a minimum weight of 16 oz. sheet copper for external (on outside of walls) drains and 24 oz. sheet copper for internal (inside walls or buildings) drains. The minimum gauge for aluminium sheet to be used for roof drains shall be 20 gauge for external use and 12 gauge for internal use.

{{hilite | On all roofing systems that utilize gravel ballast and or growing mediums (soil), the trade supplying roof drains must also provide secondary stainless steel debris strainers. || 2018-January-25 }} Only the use of drain manufacturer’s proprietary secondary stainless steel debris strainers is acceptable.

===={{hilite | External Roof Drains || 2018-January-25 }}====
====={{hilite | '''Scupper Drains''' || 2018-January-25 }}=====
{{hilite | A scupper drain may serve either as a primary roof drain or as a secondary drain.  A scupper drain passes through a wall or parapet, and is connected to a drain leader outside the building envelope.  Scupper drains must incorporate a continuous flange surrounding the drain box, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width, and must be manufactured with welded seams and joints, and made from non-ferrous metals, subject to the [[RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Roof Systems#SBSMETALSTANDARDS|'''Material Selection standards''']] for metal found in this Manual. || 2018-January-25 }}

All {{hilite | scupper drains || 2018-January-25 }} shall be formed with a minimum 37.7 mm (1 ½") lower outside faces than side walls of the water collection boxes and incorporate minimum 12.7 mm (½") drip edges on the lowered outside faces.

{{hilite | Scupper drains || 2018-January-25 }} shall be installed according to the {{hilite | prevailing municipal building code and || 2018-January-25 }} the British Columbia Building Code (latest edition).

====={{hilite | '''Overflows''' || 2018-January-25 }}=====
{{hilite | An overflow is only a secondary drain that serves as a safeguard when primary drains fail.  Overflows must incorporate a continuous flange surrounding the drain box, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width, and may be manufactured from ferrous metals, subject to the Material Selection standards for metal found in this Manual. || 2018-January-26 }}
{{hilite | 
Heights and locations of roof drains are the responsibility of the Design Authority.  The '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' recommends the installation of overflows || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | when the perimeter wall height above the roof membrane exceeds 100 mm (4”) || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | no higher than 100 mm (4”) above drain elevations || 2018-January-25 }}
* {{hilite | in locations where their discharge of storm water will be visible. || 2018-January-25 }}

{{hilite | Overflows || 2018-January-25 }} are required when low doorway or {{hilite | low || 2018-January-25 }} window details are used (see [[SBS Details:D1.7.8-4 Water & Drainage (Open Wall Scupper)|'''D1.7.8-4 Water & Drainage (Open Wall Scupper)''']] and [[SBS Details:D1.7.8-5 Water & Drainage (Through-wall Scupper)|'''D1.7.8-5 Water & Drainage (Through-wall Scupper''')]]).  {{hilite | In these applications, the overflow must be installed at least 1” lower than the elevation of the door or window sill. || 2018-January-25 }}

{{hilite | Overflows || 2018-January-25 }} shall be installed according to {{hilite | the prevailing municipal building code and || 2018-January-25 }} the British Columbia Building Code (latest edition).

Where no {{hilite | overflows || 2018-January-25 }} are specified, the {{hilite | building || 2018-January-25 }} structure must be designed to carry the total load of water collected {{hilite | on the roof || 2018-January-25 }}, in the event of the failure of roof drains (see BC Building Code, latest edition). {{hilite | The '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' || 2018-January-25 }} accepts no responsibility for roof failure where {{hilite | overflows || 2018-January-25 }} are not specified or installed.

<hr>

== PERIMETER FLASHING: Metal ==
=== General ===

All roof protrusion and penetration flashings, vents, curbs, sleepers, pipes cable, drains, etc. shall NOT be installed LESS than 200mm (8") from the base of walls, cants, eaves and other roof equipment, protrusion and penetration flashings.

Metal base flashing shall be kept approximately 25 mm (1") above gravel to prevent immersion in water with the exception of protected and modified protected roof systems.  

<span class="principles">Gravel stop-type flashings may be used, provided manufacturer's printed instructions are followed.</span><span class="reference">The exceptions are overflow drains and roof scuppers that are installed through walls. These items are to be located by others.</span>

<p class="reference">Sheet metal flashings are designed to divert water away from the membrane flashing termination, usually onto the roof. The metal flashing also protects the membrane from deterioration due to the elements and from mechanical damage. The metal flashing is not a waterproofing membrane, therefore the roofing membrane should be continuous under the metal.</p> 

<p class="reference">For further details, the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA) publishes a reliable reference for the proper design and installation of architectural sheet metal. The Architectural Sheet Metal Manual is available from: 
</p>

::<div class="reference">Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc.</div>
::<div class="reference">c/o British Columbia Sheet Metal Association</div>
::<div class="reference">156 - 4664 Lougheed Hwy  Burnaby, B.C. V5C 5T5   (604) 299-4641</div>
<div id=SBSMETALSTANDARDS></div>

=== Material Selection ===
{{Template: All Systems - Metal Flashing Standards}}

=== Attachment ===

The use of concealed in-seam fasteners is required. {{hilite | Metal flashings end joint S-lock seams must have a minimum 1 screw type fastener every 200 mm (8”). For standing seam applications, clips must be a minimum 24 gauge in thickness, 38 mm (1-1/2”) wide, each secured with minimum 2 screws, and placed a minimum of 1 clip every 200 mm (8”). Fasteners must have a low-profile head and penetrate the substrate a minimum of 19 mm (3/4”). || 2017-September-28 }}

Any {{hilite | exposed || 2017-September-28 }} fastening of metal flashings on the top of parapet surfaces is strongly discouraged and is not permitted as the only attachment method. 

If top-surface fastening must be used because of a specific job site condition, only appropriate screw-type fasteners with neoprene washers may be used. {{hilite | Only in-seam S-lock and standing seam clip fasteners are exempt from this requirement. || 2017-September-28 }}

The outside and inside face of metal cap flashing must be attached with cladding fasteners (screws), and/or concealed clips. Continuous and discontinuous concealed clips and or cladding screw fasteners or a combination of these attachment methods are acceptable to secure metal cap flashing. No fastening of flashing is permitted within 87.7 mm (3 ½") of the roof surface. Note: Cladding fasteners or concealed clips are not required on the inside face of roof edge cant strip details.
 
Cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers, used as exposed fasteners for metal flashing, must be No. 8 or better, made of metal compatible with and corresponding in colour to, the flashing material being installed. Nails are not acceptable as exposed fasteners. The minimum number of cladding screws used to face fasten metal cap flashing shall be three (3) fasteners equally spaced (±10%) between seams of flashing formed from 3000 mm (10 ft.) metal stock and a minimum of two fasteners equally spaced (±10%) between flashing seams formed from 2400 mm (8 ft.) metal stock. 

Concealed clips, both continuous and discontinuous, shall be formed from the same metal type as the flashing being secured and be minimum 24 gauge in thickness. In addition, concealed clips are to be fastened as close to the bottom edge (hook) as practical but must not be fastened further than a maximum of 75 mm (3") from the bottom edge (hook). Concealed clips must engage drip or safety edges by a minimum of 12.7 mm (½").
 
'''Continuous Concealed Clips''' are to be attached with appropriate corrosive resistant fasteners spaced at a maximum of 300 mm (12") o/c. 

'''Discontinuous Concealed Clips''' shall consist of a single clip centred between the seams of each length of metal flashing. Clips shall be a minimum of 1000 mm (40") in length for flashing formed from 3000 mm (10 ft.) metal stock and a minimum 800 mm (32") in length for 2400 mm (8 ft.) metal stock. Discontinuous clips for shorter flashing lengths shall be approximately ⅓ the length of the metal flashing but not less than 100 mm (4") in length. Corrosive resistant fasteners for clips, to be spaced a maximum of 300 mm (12") o/c.

=== Curb Heights (Roof Openings) ===

On all roofing assemblies (protected, modified protected or conventional), the minimum curb height (equipment curbs, vent curbs, etc.) shall be 200 mm (8") above the roof surfacing. Surfacing is defined as the top of the roofing assembly, be it membrane or ballast.

=== Seams ===

Standing seams and S-lock seams are both acceptable (see [[MF Details:G1.7.1 Metal Flashings (Cap Flashings - Joint Ends)|'''G1.7.1 Metal Flashing (Cap Flashing - Joint Ends)''']]).

Seaming of inside corners shall be carried to the base of the cant or the base of the metal. S-locks shall be fastened before the insertion of successive flashing.

Lap seams are acceptable only where the vertical run on the inside corner is less than 100 mm (4").

When the vertical height exceeds 300 mm (12"), standard seaming practices will be followed.  When cants are not used on curbs, standard seaming practices (standing seams) shall be followed at all times, with the exception of the vertical flashing portion that is lapped to fit under counter flashing or equipment flanges.

<p class="principles">For roof curb-flashing seams ( e.g. equipment, skylights, etc.), which do not exceed 300 mm (12") in height, lap-type seams may be used on the vertical portion provided standing seams are used in the cant area.</p>

The design authority shall choose and specify the seaming system.

=== Cap Flashings, Base Flashings and Reglets ===

The top surface of walls (parapets, expansion joints, firewalls, roof dividers, etc.) wider than 100 mm (4" nominal) shall be constructed to provide positive slope to drain and be covered with metal cap flashing. Provide a reglet for all flashings terminating in concrete or masonry walls. When wall flashing terminates in a reglet, typically on high parapet walls, a coping flashing is required at the top of the parapet wall (see [[SBS Details:D1.7.4-1 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Deck - Wall Supported)|'''D1.7.4-1 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Deck - Wall Supported)''']]). On new construction projects reglet and sloped wood blocking at top surface of concrete or masonry walls are to be installed by others.

<p class="principles">On flexible membrane conventional roofing systems, when metal wall or curb base flashings are not specified, both the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' Accepted Materials and manufacturer's approved wall or curb stripping membranes are acceptable when used with a secondary metal counter flashing placed a maximum of 250 mm (10") above the surface of the roof assembly. Stucco stops are not considered secondary metal counter flashings (see [[SBS Details:D1.7.4-3 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Stucco Wall: Re-roofing)|'''D1.7.4-3 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Stucco Wall: Re-roofing)''']]).</p>

Metal base flashing is required on all vertical surfaces, walls, curbs, etc. when hot asphalt is used to adhere stripping (flashing) membranes.

Metal base flashings are required on all walls and curbs on roof systems that utilize gravel ballast filter mats. Metal base flashings on protected and modified protected membrane roofs must “kick out” minimum 50 mm (2") over insulation and filter fabric. (see [[SBS Details:D1.7.1-2 Assemblies (Protected Membrane)|'''D1.7.1-2 Assemblies (Protected Membrane)''']]).

Metal base flashing shall be kept approximately 25 mm (1") above gravel to prevent immersion in water with the exception of protected and modified protected roof systems. 
 
Neither 90-lb mineral roofing nor asphalt strip-type shingles are acceptable as parapet flashing in lieu of sheet metal flashing.

Reglets must be 200 mm (8") minimum to 300 mm (12") maximum above the roof surface in conventional and protected membrane roofs. Roof surface is defined as the top of the roofing assembly, be it membrane or ballast.
 
In the case of multi-wythe masonry, composite walls, or parapets, and where not restricted by seismic codes, continuous flexible thru-wall flashings must be supplied and installed (by others), at the next course above the reglet or, alternatively, the inside of the parapet wall must be completely flashed or cladded.

<div class="principles">Gum edge or gum lip flashings should be avoided in all circumstances. If job conditions allow for no other alternative, written permission from the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' for use of gum edge flashing must be obtained (also called surface reglet) (see [[SBS Details:D1.7.4-5 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Double Surface Reglet)|'''D1.7.4-5 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Double Surface Reglet)''']]).</div>

=== Flashing on Stucco Walls ===
On stucco-faced walls, only 2-piece flashings are permitted. The lower piece, retaining the stucco, must have a vertical flange to extend behind stucco and building paper. Stucco stops are not considered metal counter flashings (see [[SBS Details:D1.7.4-3 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Stucco Wall: Re-roofing)|'''D1.7.4-3 Counter-flashings & Reglets (Stucco Wall: Re-roofing)''']]).


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== OTHER DETAILS ==

TBA

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[[SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Systems|<i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-left" ></i> ''SBS Modified Bitumen Roof Systems'']]

[[Accepted Materials - SBS Roofing|<i class="fa fa-chevron-circle-right" ></i> ''Accepted Materials'']]
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