View source for Template:Part 2 - PVC

__NOTOC__
==General==
==={{hilite | Definitions|| 2021-June-30 }}===
{{hilite |Refer to the|| 2021-June-30 }} [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] {{hilite |for further definitions of key terms used in this ''Manual''|| 2021-June-18 }}.
:;{{hilite | Supporting deck ("deck")|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means the "structural surface to which the ''waterproofing system'' or ''water-shedding system'' is applied" (adapted from ''ASTM D1079-18 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing'')|| 2021-June-30 }}.
:;{{hilite | Deck overlay|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a panel material secured to the supporting deck in order to render the deck surface continuous or suitable for the installation of roofing materials|| 2021-June-30 }}.
:;{{hilite | Wall|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a structural or non-structural element in a building that vertically separates space.  ''Walls'' may separate the outside environment from the interior conditioned space of a building, or they may separate one or more interior spaces from each other (adapted from ''ASTM E631-15 Standard Terminology of Building Constructions'')|| 2021-June-30 }}.
:;{{hilite | Wall overlay|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a panel material secured to the surface of a ''Wall'', to render it suitable for the installation of roofing or wall cladding materials|| 2021-June-30 }}.
<div id="DECK_CONDITION"></div>

==={{hilite | Design || 2021-June-30 }}===
<ol>
<li>The Code having jurisdiction prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the requirements published in this Standard.
<li>Notwithstanding the requirements in this Standard, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' does not extend coverage to the ''supporting deck'' or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority'' and the building contractor.
<li>Prior to the application of the ''roof system'', the ''supporting deck'' and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free of 
<ol>
<li>moisture.
<li>frost.
<li>dust and debris.
<li>contaminants.
<li>objectionable surface treatments.
<li>release oils.
<li>laitance.
</li></ol>
<li>If surface drying is required prior to roofing, use blown air to facilitate this.
<li><span class="principles">''Walls'', ''parapets'', curbs, blocking and penetrations should be constructed or placed prior to the commencement of roofing work.  This work is provided by other trades</span>.
<li><span class="principles">The ''supporting deck'' structure should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating ''roof system'' component movement</span>.
</li></ol>
<div id="SLOPE"></div>

==Roof Slope==
===General===
<ol>
<li>The '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' classifies ''roof systems'' according to their function – ''<u>waterproofing</u> systems'' or ''<u>water-shedding</u> systems''.  Within each classification, slope is defined as follows:
<ol>
<li>'''Flat''' means a roof with a slope less than 1:6 (2” in 12”, or 9 degrees).
<li>'''Low Slope''' means a roof with a slope from 1:6 (2” in 12”, or 9 degrees) up to but less than 1:3 (4” in 12”, or 18 degrees).
<li>'''Common Slope''' means a roof with a slope 1:3 (4” in 12”, or 18 degrees) up to and including 1:1 (12” in 12”, or 45 degrees).
<li>'''Steep Slope''' means a roof with a slope <u>greater than</u> 1:1 (12” in 12”, or 45 degrees) up to and including 21:12 (21” in 12”, or 84 degrees).
<li>'''Extreme Slope''' means a roof with a slope <u>greater than</u> 21:12 (21” in 12”, or 84 degrees).
</li></ol>
<br>
See '''Figure 2.1''' for an illustrated guide to the above definitions.
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
|+ '''Figure 2.1''' (Click to expand)
|-
| [[File:2.1 Slope illustration.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/d/d3/2.1_Slope_illustration.jpg | 350 px]]
|}
<li><span class="principles">While good drainage is desirable but not always perfectly achievable, and roof ''waterproofing systems'' generally are not affected by standing water, each ''project'' design should incorporate sufficient slope to move water off the roof surface.  Sufficient slope is attained when (subject to conditions that permit evaporation) no standing water remains on the roof surface, after a reasonable interval following a rainfall.  Local climate conditions may necessitate design slopes higher than the minimums published in this Standard.</span>  See '''2.2.2 New Construction''' and '''2.2.3 Replacement Roofing''' for minimum requirements.
<li><span class="reference">Roof slope may be achieved either by designing the roof structure with sloped ''decks'', or by introducing slope with tapered board insulation</span>.
<li>Deflection and settlement may interfere with roof drainage.  Therefore, the ''Design Authority'' must take into consideration the anticipated deflection of the structure when designing the roof for proper drainage.
<li><span class="principles">Drainage is best achieved (in descending order of best practices) with</span>
<ol>
<li><span class="principles">four-way slope to drain</span>.
<li><span class="principles">two-way slope to drain, in combination with crickets between drains</span>.
<li><span class="principles">slope to a common valley, or with gutters</span>.
<li><span class="recommended">positive sloping valleys to drains (highly recommended)</span>.
</li></ol>
<li><span class="principles">''Curbs'' that span 1800 mm (6’) or more across the drainage plane should be designed with a cricket to divert water around the ''curb''</span>.
<li>Drain sumps, designed to isolate collected water for the drain, need not be sloped.  <span class="recommended">The use of drain sumps is {{hilite | highly || 2020-October-22 }} recommended</span>.  See also  '''11.1.2.2''' ('''9''') '''All Projects'''.
</li></ol>

===New Construction===
<ol>
<li>All new construction roofs that qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' must be designed and built with a slope of no less than 2% (1/4” in 12”), measured on the primary sloped planes of the roof.
</li></ol>

===Replacement Roofing===
<ol>
<li>Replacement roof systems may qualify for a '''''RoofStar 5-year Guarantee''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-year Guarantee''''' without correcting poor drainage, though <span class="recommended">the elimination of ponding (standing water) is strongly recommended</span>.
<li>{{hilite | '''''RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee''''': replacement roofs must || 2020-October-22 }} 
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | be sloped at least 2% (1/4” in 12”), measured on the primary sloped planes of the roof, in order to qualify for a '''''RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee''''' || 2020-October-22 }}.
<li>{{hilite | incorporate crickets at ''curbs'' and sleepers that impede drainage or are wider or longer than 1200 mm (48”)|| 2020-October-22 }}.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>


:See also '''Part 7 INSULATION'''.
<div id="DECK"></div>
==Supporting Deck Types==
<div id="STEEL_DECK"></div>
===Steel===
<span class="reference">Steel ''decks'' are constructed of light gauge (usually 22, 20, or 18 gauge) cold-rolled steel sections (panels) that are usually galvanized. In cross-section the panels are ribbed, with the ribs usually spaced at 150 mm (6") O.C. The ribs provide the strength and rigidity of the panels. Steel ''decks'' are generally supported by open-web steel joist framing and are welded or mechanically fastened to the framework</span>. <br>

<span class="reference">For more information about steel ''decks'', see</span> [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Roof_Decks '''Roof Decks'''] <span class="reference">in</span> '''Division B: Essential Elements'''.
<ol>
<li>Steel deck panels must be installed to provide a smooth, uniform surface for roofing. 
<li><span class="principles">A thermal barrier may be required to conform to Code or fire insurance-rated assemblies, when the ''roof system'' is insulated (usually when the insulation is classified as combustible)</span>.
<li>Uninsulated systems require a ''deck overlay'' for the membrane. A RoofStar-accepted moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core board may serve both as a thermal barrier and as a level surface.  For more about this, see '''5.3.2 Steel Decks'''.
</li></ol>
<div id="CONCRETE_DECK"></div>

===Concrete===
<span class="reference">Concrete ''decks'' to which a ''roof system'' may be applied include the following types:</span>
<ol>
<li><span class="reference">Cast-in-place</span>.
<li><span class="reference">Pre-cast panels</span>.
<li><span class="reference">Pre-stressed panels</span>.
<li><span class="reference">Lightweight</span>.
<span class="recommended">Not all membrane assemblies are suitable for application on every type of concrete ''deck'', and therefore the ''Design Authority'' is strongly urged to consider potential ''deck'' deflection when designing the assembly</span>.

<span class="reference">For more information about concrete ''decks'', see</span> [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Roof_Decks '''Roof Decks'''] <span class="reference">in</span>  '''Division B: Essential Elements'''</span>.
<li>It is not permissible to adhere roof membranes to freshly poured concrete ''decks'', within the first 28 days after pouring, unless expressly instructed in writing by the Building Envelope Engineer.  The use of the term "adhered" means adhered by means of an adhesive, hot bitumen or heat.
<li>Deck preparation by others:
<ol>
<li>Remove all ridges and bumps, and repair cracks.
<li>Feather with grout all weld plates and elevation differences.
</li></ol>
<li><span class="principles">Pre-cast ''decks'' joints should be “taped” or stripped-in with a membrane ply</span>.
</li></ol>
<div id="WOOD_DECK"></div>

===Wood===
<span class="reference">Wood is a common roof ''deck'' construction material that has been used for many years because of its economy, ease of fabrication, lighter construction, and ready availability. Acceptable wood roof ''decks'' may include (without limitation)</span>
*<span class="reference">wood board (dimensional lumber, ship-lapped planking, etc.)</span>.
*<span class="reference">plywood</span>.
*<span class="reference">non-veneered wood decks (oriented strand board, waferboard, etc.)</span>.
*<span class="reference">laminated timber</span>.
<span class="reference">For more information about wood decks, see</span> [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Roof_Decks '''Roof Decks'''] <span class="reference">under ''B. Essential Elements''</span>.
 
The following criteria apply to all types of wood decks:
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | Notwithstanding minimum wood ''deck'' thickness requirements published in the Code having jurisdiction, when a roof must be designed to resist ''Specified Wind Loads'', plywood or non-veneered panels (such as O.S.B. or wafer board) used as a roof deck must be at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick, unless exceeded by the deck thickness specified in a ''Tested Assembly'' (often 19 mm (3/4”), an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'', or a ''roof assembly'' with custom-engineered securement || 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | Wood ''decks'' shall be secured to other supporting structural elements of the building in keeping with the published requirements of the Code having jurisdiction || 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>Differential edge movements or deflection exceeding 1/360 of the span must be prevented by any of the following options: 
<ol>
<li>construct the ''deck'' with tongue-and-groove plywood, and support the non-grooved edges with joists or solid blocking.
<li>support butt joints with solid blocking under non-supported edges.
</li></ol>
<li>All wood ''decks'' must be affixed to the supporting framing or structure with corrosion-resistant
<ol>
<li>wood screws.
<li>spiral nails.
<li>ring shank nails.
</li></ol>
<br>
The structural suitability of the fastener is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority''.
<li>All wood ''decks'' with knots or cracks must
<ol>
<li>have metal affixed over them before the deck can be accepted for roofing (this work should be done by others).
<li>be overlaid with a layer of knot-free plywood at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick.
</li></ol>
<li><span class="principles">All types of wood ''decks'' should be roofed promptly after installation</span>.
<li><span class="recommended">When a plywood ''deck'' is intended to support a ''Protected Membrane Roof System'' and a ''Vegetated Roof System'', the plywood should be marine-grade T&G material at least 19 mm (3/4”) thick, depending up on the anticipated live and dead loads of the ''roof systems''.  The ''Design Authority'' is responsible to calculate these loads and design suitable approaches to mitigate deflection</span>.
<li>{{hilite | All mass timber or wood board ''decks'' must be covered with a properly secured, suitable overlay to protect membranes from wood sap or ''deck'' surface irregularities and protruding fasteners.  Plywood and non-veneered panel ''decks'' are exempted from this requirement || 2021-February-7 }}.
</li></ol>

====<big>Plywood</big>====
<ol>
<li><span class="reference">Plywood roof ''decks'' consist of exterior type plywood mechanically fastened to the roof framing</span>. <span class="principles">The plywood panels should conform to ''CSA 0121, “Douglas Fir Plywood”'', ''CSA 0151, “Canadian Softwood Plywood”'', or ''CSA 0153, “Poplar Plywood”'', following requirements published in the Code having jurisdiction</span>.
<li>Plywood roof sheathing should be installed in a staggered pattern with the surface grain at right angles to the roof framing.
</li></ol>

====<big>Laminated Timber</big>====
<span class="reference">Laminated timber ''decks'' are typically comprised of crossing layers of dimensional solid wood material, laminated to form a thick, dimensionally stable slab strong enough to support significant structural loads</span>.  

====<big>Non-veneered Panels</big>====
See '''Part 9 FIELD MEMBRANES''' for application standards and limitations.

====<big>Wood Boards</big>====
<ol>
<li><span class="reference">Wood board ''decks'' include tongue-and-groove, ship-lapped, or splined boards or planks.  These typically range in thickness from 19 mm to 89 mm (nominal 1" to 4")</span>. 
<li><span class="reference">Wood board ''decks'' may also include Mill Decks, also called Nail-Laminated Timber decks.  These are constructed with a single layer of dimensional boards (dimensions can vary), placed on edge and spiked together to form a Mill Deck.   The thickness of the boards is determined by the anticipated loads and spacing of roof joists or trusses</span> (consult the  Code having jurisdiction).
<li><span class="principles">Wood board ''decks'' should be of sound seasoned lumber, properly secured to the supporting structure</span>.
</li></ol>
<div id="EXPANSION_JOINT"></div>

==Expansion Joints==
See [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Construction_Details '''Construction Details'''] and '''10.3.1.7 Expansion and Control Joints''' for membrane application.
 
<span class="reference">Roof expansion joints, or movement joints, are designed to safely absorb thermal expansion and contraction of materials, or to absorb vibration.  They also allow for movement caused by settlement and earthquakes</span>.  
<ol>
<li><span class="principles">Structural expansion joints should be considered wherever</span>
<ol>
<li><span class="principles">the type of ''deck'' changes</span>.
<li><span class="principles">additions connect to existing buildings</span>.
<li><span class="principles">separate wings of a building join (e.g. “L” or “T” configurations)</span>.
<li><span class="principles">interior heating conditions change</span>.
<li><span class="principles">differential movement may occur (e.g. parapet detail where the deck is not supported by the wall)</span>.
</li></ol>
<li>The location of expansion joints must be clearly indicated on the drawings, drawn in detail, and included in the specifications.
<li>The construction of structural expansion joints is the responsibility of others and must be in place before the ''Contractor'' accepts the deck for roofing.
<li>Expansion joints constructed as a raised divider must have a sloped top surface and must extend in height above the ''finished waterproofing system'' no less than 200 mm (8").  The minimum height of the expansion joint may be reduced to 100 mm (4") if the primary roof membrane flashing is fully supported and sealed over the top.
</li></ol>
<div id="CONTROL_JOINT"></div>

==Control Joints==
See the relevant [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Division_G:_Construction_Details '''Construction Details'''] and '''10.3.1.7 Expansion and Control Joints''' for membrane application.

<span class="reference">''Control joints'' (sometimes referred to as roof dividers) are site-built but relatively uncommon for roofs with flexible membranes. They are designed to help control thermal expansion and contraction stresses in the roof ''system'' where no structural expansion joint has been provided in the building design. ''Control joints'' may be present on older roofs with built-up roof systems, and will have to be taken into consideration by the ''Design Authority''; in some cases, ''control joints'' may be eliminated for replacement roofing.  Still, control joints may be employed by the ''Design Authority'' to control expansion and contraction of any materials in the ''roof system'', or for dividing existing roof areas for phased replacement roofing</span>.
<ol>
<li>The ''Design Authority'' is responsible to determine the need for roof dividers and ''control joints'' and is responsible for their design.  <span class="principles">The use of roof dividers and ''control joints'' should be evaluated on a product performance basis</span>. 
<li><span class="principles">When roof dividers are specified and detailed, they should divide the roof into approximately equal, regular-shaped areas. Ideally, roof dividers should be located at the high points of the roof, with drainage away from the divider on both sides, but <u>drainage must not be impeded by the roof divider</u></span>.  
<li>The location of roof dividers must be clearly indicated on the drawings, drawn in detail, and included in the specifications.  Specifications should clearly indicate responsibility for their construction.
<li>When roof dividers are already present (during replacement roofing), the dividers must extend at least 100 mm (4”) in height above the ''finished waterproofing system''.
</li></ol>
<div id="WALLS"></div>

==Walls==
===General===
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | ''Wall'' surfaces must be clean, dry and smooth, suitable for the application of ''roof system'' materials.  When the ''wall''
<ol>
<li>surface is unsuitable to receive ''waterproofing'' materials, it must be resurfaced with an RoofStar-accepted wall overlay.  See '''Part 5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS''' for material and application standards|| 2021-June-18 }}.
<li>{{hilite | is concrete or masonry (including Concrete Masonry Units, CMU), it must be declared suitable for adhesion by the roofing material manufacturer; unsuitable walls must be overlaid with an acceptable material.  See '''2.6.2 Materials'''|| 2022-June-17 }}.
</li></ol>
<li>{{hilite | ''Sheathing'', defined as a rigid panel material secured directly onto framing, is considered a wall surface for the purpose of this Standard|| 2021-June-18 }}.
<li>{{hilite | ''Wall'' surfaces receiving ''waterproofing'' materials must extend beyond the maximum installed height of the ''waterproofing'', but in any event must be installed at least 200 mm (8”) above the ''finished waterproofing system''. For suitable ''wall'' surface materials, see '''2.6.2''' below|| 2021-June-18 }}.
<li><span class="reference">''Walls'' and roofs commonly intersect in two ways:</span>
<ol>
<li><span class="reference">Directly, where the ''wall'' structurally connects to the roof structure, so that both move together</span>.
<li><span class="reference">Indirectly, where the roof structure and the ''wall'' structure are independent of each other, so that the movement of one does not affect the other</span>.  These locations require an expansion joint.
</li></ol>
<li>The ''Design Authority'' must ensure a continuous connection between the roof system from field to perimeter, in order to control or inhibit the movement of water, air and vapour.
<li>{{hilite | Wood or steel-stud ''walls'' must be sheathed with a material suitable for securing metal flashings|| 2021-June-30 }}.
<li>{{hilite | For concrete ''walls'', refer to '''2.3.2 Concrete''' above|| 2021-June-30 }}.
</li></ol>

===Materials===
<ol>
<li>Concrete surfaces must comply with the requirements set out in '''2.1.2''' ('''3''').  When concrete surfaces do not comply, concrete walls may be sheathed with any one of the following:
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | 12.7 mm (1/2”)|| 2022-June-17 }} thick treated plywood.
<li>fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜") (conforming to ''ASTM C1325-04'').
</li></ol>
<li>For framed walls, the following {{hilite | sheathing|| 2021-June-30 }} material are acceptable:
<ol>
<li>moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core board specifically {{hilite | designed to receive roof membranes|| 2021-June-30 }}, with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”). {{hilite | These panel may be installed horizontally or vertically|| 2021-June-30 }}.
<li>fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜").
<li>{{hilite | Plywood with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”)|| 2021-June-30 }}.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<div id="ELECTRICAL"></div>

==Electrical Cables and Boxes==
({{hilite |See|| 2022-November-16 }} [[Notes to PVC Standard#A-2.7| Note A-2.7]]{{hilite | concerning electrical systems, fire and shock hazards, and Rule 12-022 of the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I|| 2022-October-22 }})

====New Construction====
#Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed within a ''roof assembly'' {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-1''')|| 2021-February-7 }}.
#Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed on the underside of a ''roof assembly'', unless
##the ''supporting deck'' structure equals or exceeds 76 mm (3”) in thickness {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-2''')|| 2021-February-7 }}, or
##the cables, raceways or boxes are installed and supported so there is a separation of not less than 38 mm measured between the underside of the ''roof assembly'' and the electrical installation {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-3''')|| 2021-February-7 }}.
#Notwithstanding either (1) and (2), cables or raceways shall be permitted to pass through a ''roof assembly'' for connection to electrical equipment installed on the roof, provided that the passage through the roof is a part of the ''roof assembly'' design.
#<span class="principles">{{hilite | Electrical cables installed above the ''roof assembly'' should be elevated to permit proper support, roof maintenance and future replacement roofing</span>|| 2021-February-7 }} {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-4''')|| 2021-February-7 }}.

<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="col-md-2">
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
|+ {{hilite | '''Figures 2.1.9-1''' (Click to expand)|| 2021-February-7 }}
|-
| [[File:Figure 2.7.1-1.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/5/51/Figure_2.1.9-1.jpg | 250 px]]
|}
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
|+ {{hilite | '''Figures 2.1.9-2''' (Click to expand)|| 2021-February-7 }}
|-
| [[File:Figure 2.7.1-2.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/e/e9/Figure_2.7.1-2.jpg | 250 px]]
|}
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
|+ {{hilite | '''Figures 2.1.9-3''' (Click to expand)|| 2021-February-7 }}
|-
| [[File:Figure 2.7.1-3.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/6/6d/Figure_2.7.1-3.jpg | 250 px]]
|}
</div>
<div class="col-md-2">
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
|+ {{hilite | '''Figures 2.1.9-4''' (Click to expand)|| 2021-February-7 }}
|-
| [[File:Figure 2.7.1-4.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/5/58/Figure_2.7.1-4.jpg | 250 px]]
|}
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-12">
<br>
</div>

====Alterations====
<ol>
<li>If existing electrical cables or boxes do not conform to the requirements in Article 2.1.9.1, the ''Design Authority'' must consider the attachment of the ''roof system'' above the electrical system, and the requirements set out in '''Part 3 - Securing the Roof Assembly'''.
<li><span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' should</span> 
<ol>
<li><span class="principles">specify protection of existing electrical cables and boxes (a 5 mm (3/16”) steel plate may be used to minimize the possibility of fastener penetration and cutter damage, {{hilite | but it should be understood that protection plates may interfere with mechanical fasteners used to secure the ''roof system'' against wind uplift, even for future replacement roofing)|| 2021-February-7 }}</span>, and
<li><span class="principles">provide the building owner with detailed as-built drawings that accurately map the location of electrical cables and boxes</span>.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>