View source for Template:Part 11 - EPDM

__NOTOC__
==General==
This section pertains to the waterproofing of roof penetrations, curbs, sleepers, drains and any other "details", in order to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.

===Definitions===
Refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for further definitions of key terms used in this ''Manual''.
:;''Drain leader'': means "a pipe that is installed to carry ''storm water'' from a roof to a ''storm building drain'' or ''sewer'' or other place of disposal” (''British Columbia Plumbing Code'', Division A, Part 1).
;:
:;''Flange-type drain'': means a ''primary roof drain'' with a flat, broad flange fabricated from the same material as the bowl and leader, and encompassing the perimeter of the drain bowl or, in the case of flat drains, the drain leader.   Flange-style drains are not cast but rather are manufactured from components that are hot-welded.  Flange-style drains are typically secured to the roof with mechanical fasteners.
;:
:;''Overflow drain'' ("Overflow"): means a ''secondary roof drain'' that serves as a safeguard when roof drains fail.  {{hilite | An overflow may be located in the roof field (for example, as a secondary drain) or at the perimeter of the roof.|| 2020-July-3 }}
;:
:;''Primary roof drain'': means the primary means of draining water from the roof.
;:
:;''Roof drain'': means “A fitting or device that is installed in the roof to permit storm water to discharge into a ''leader''.” (''British Columbia Plumbing Code'', Division A, Part 1).
;:
:;''Scupper drain'' ("Scupper"): means an open or closed roof drain that conveys water laterally from one roof area to another, or from the roof directly to the exterior of the building.
;:
:;''Secondary roof drain'': means an alternate drainage path in the event of large rain events or significant snow melt, typically situated at a higher elevation than a ''primary roof drain''.
;:
<div id="DRAIN_DESIGN"></div>   

===Design (Drainage)===
====RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee====
<ol>
<li>Refer to '''1.3.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee''' for general requirements, to qualify the ''project'' for a '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee'''''.
<li>All roof areas must be designed with overflow drains that are properly sized and spaced, in keeping with the building and plumbing codes having jurisdiction.
<li>Only drains and ''overflows'' equipped with clamping rings, to secure roofing membranes, qualify for a '''''RoofStar 15-Year RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  In the alternative, and when permitted by the membrane manufacturer, a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing may be used to terminate membranes at the drains.  Application of this liquid membrane flashing must be in keeping with the Standards in '''11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing'''.
</li></ol>

====All Projects====
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | With the exception of ''overflows'', ''scupper drains'' and membrane gutters, roof drains and penetration flashings for new construction ''projects'' must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or ''wall''. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange || 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | When existing roof drain and penetration locations do not comply with the Standards above, a Variance must be requested from the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' and accompanied by plan and detail drawings to show how the '''''Guarantee Standards''''' will be met by the design and construction || 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>Only cast-iron roof drains, and existing external couplers used to connect drains to leaders, may be re-used for roof replacement ''projects''.  All flange-style drains, ''scuppers'' and ''overflows'', together with internal drain-to-pipe compression seals, and seals exposed to water or ultraviolet light, must be replaced.
<li>All penetration flashings must be replaced in a roof replacement ''project''.
<li>The ''Design Authority''
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | is responsible for the design of roof drainage. The size (flow rate) of roof drains and ''overflows'' should be determined through the ''British Columbia Building Code'' and ''British Columbia Plumbing Code'', with attention given to both average and large rainfall events. For rainfall capacities, refer to the|| 2021-October-30 }} [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbacr2 ''British Columbia Building Code, Div. B, Appendix C, Table C-2''] {{hilite |which lists rainfall loads using specific reference locations throughout the province|| 2021-October-30 }}. 
<li><span class="recommended">{{hilite | should coordinate the various disciplines (including, without limitation, mechanical (plumbing) and structural engineers) to calculate proper flow
rates, head pressure and structural supports, in anticipation of significant, short-duration rain events. Consideration should be given to the following design elements (listed without limitation) || 2021-October-23 }}</span>: 
<ol>
<li><span class="recommended">Roof slope – more slope theoretically increases drainage and lessens live loading from rainfall</span> (see also '''2.2 Roof Slope''').
<li><span class="recommended">Rainfall rates for primary and overflow drainage</span>.
<li><span class="recommended">''Primary'' and ''overflow drain'' capacities</span>.
<li><span class="recommended">Hydraulic head (pressure)</span>.
<li><span class="recommended">{{hilite | Location of ''drainage plane''|| 2021-October-30 }}</span> {{hilite | (relative to the top of the ''finished waterproofing system'') – the location of the ''drainage plane'' may affect the determination of live loads, which should be accounted for as part of drainage design|| 2021-October-30 }}.
<li><span class="recommended">{{hilite | Location of overflows|| 2021-October-30 }}</span>.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<li>Roof drains must not be used as a conduit for other services, such as electrical.  All other services must be designed to utilize separate penetration points with purpose-made penetration flashings and Guarantee-compliant detailing.
<li>Roofs may drain off a roof edge or by means of internal plumbing. Both are permissible under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''.
<li>When a roof is designed to drain off an edge, water may drain freely or be collected by means of an external or built-in gutter ('''12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters''') and drained onto a lower ''roof assembly''. The membrane on the lower roof must be protected from abrasion with splash pads.
<li>When roofs are designed to drain through internal plumbing, the following standards, guiding principles and recommendations apply. 
<ol>
<li><span class="recommended">Drain sumps should be incorporated into a roof design whenever possible, to increase head pressure above primary roof drains. Drain sumps should be designed at least 1m x 1m (39” x 39”) in size. The depth of a sump is a function of insulation thickness</span> (see '''7.1.3.5'''). <span class="recommended">Sumps designed with sloped insulation are strongly recommended</span>. 
<li><span class="recommended">Drain sump durability may be enhanced by specifying additional reinforcement around the perimeter, using a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing system.
<li><span class="recommended">New and existing buildings should incorporate ''overflows'' to handle large rain events</span>. The primary function of an ''overflow'' is to keep a roof from collapsing when ''primary roof drains'' are plugged or cannot drain heavy rainfall. Where no ''overflows'' are specified, the building structure should be designed to carry the total load of water collected on the roof, in the event of ''primary roof drain'' failure (refer to the ''British Columbia Building Code'').
<li>When ''overflows'' are specified, they must be 
<ol>
<li>located 
<ol>
<li>no higher than 100 mm (4”) above {{hilite | the ''drainage plane''|| 2021-October-30 }}.
<li>so that they {{hilite | freely and|| 2021-October-30 }} visibly discharge storm water.
</li></ol>
<li>{{hilite | protected with a ballast guard when the overflow is located below the top (“finished”) surface of a ''Protected Membrane Roof System''|| 2021-October-30 }}.
<li>designed with an opening sufficient in size to equal or exceed the rate of rainfall.
<li>designed as open-wall ''scuppers'' for parapets measuring 150 mm (6”) or less in height.
<li>designed around the principles of a through-wall ''scupper'', for parapets higher than 150 mm (6”).
</li></ol>
<li>''Overflows'' must incorporate a continuous flange surrounding the drain opening, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width, and may be manufactured from ferrous metals, subject to the material standards for metal found in this ''Manual''.
<li>''Overflows'' are required {{hilite | to prevent water intrusion through|| 2021-October-30 }} ''low door'' or low window details. In these applications, the ''overflow'' must be installed at least 1” lower than the lowest elevation of the door or window opening.
<li>A scupper drain may serve either as a ''primary roof drain'' or as a ''secondary drain''.
</li></ol>
<li>All drains located at the water plane must be fully blocked above the supporting deck structure.
<li><span class="principles">If a flow restrictor is present in an existing cast drain leader, the restrictor should be reinstalled</span>.
<li><span class="principles">Drain extensions for cast-iron roof drains should be avoided, since the connection with the cast drain is not sealed; the result is a leak into the roof system</span>.
<li>Roofs that support ''overburden'' or are secured with ballast must be designed to incorporate a ballast guard that surrounds the drain and promotes unrestricted flow.
</li></ol>
<div id="CURB_PENETRATION_DESIGN"></div>

===Design (Curbs and Penetrations)===
====RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee====
<ol>
<li>Refer to '''1.3.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee''' for general requirements, to qualify the ''project'' for a '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee'''''.
<li>When a roof is replaced, all penetration flashings that do not utilize a fitted cap must be installed with clamped double storm collars that are fully sealed around the upper edge.  For roofs on newly constructed buildings, the ''Contractor'' is responsible to supply and install a second storm collar around the penetration (the first collar is typically supplied and installed by others).
<li>All electrical, gas and other services that penetrate the ''roof system'' must be protected against water intrusion with
<ol>
<li>proprietary flashings that are sealed into the ''roof system''.
<li>''curbs'' fitted with a “weather head” hood sealed into the ''curb'' membrane flashing.
<li>sealant pockets (used only where unavoidable) that comply with the '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee Standards''''' found in '''11.3 Application'''.
</li></ol>
<li>{{hilite | Penetrations in ''Conventionally Insulated Systems'' must use either of the following|| 2021-February-7 }}:
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | Non-ferrous flashings|| 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents (in keeping with the requirements in '''11.3.3.1''' ('''10''')), provided the flashings, when used at the water plane, are || 2021-February-7 }}
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | elevated on ''curbs'', or || 2021-February-7 }}
<li>{{hilite | coated with a reinforced catalyzed two-component liquid membrane, or || 2021-February-7 }}
<li>{{hilite | coated with two cured applications of an accepted coating|| 2021-February-7 }}.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
</li></ol>

====All Projects====
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | With the exception of ''overflows'', ''scupper drains'' and membrane gutters, roof drains and penetration flashings for new construction ''Projects'' must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or ''wall''. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange || 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | When existing roof drain and penetration locations do not comply with the Standards above, a Variance must be requested from the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' and accompanied by plan and detail drawings to show how the '''''Guarantee Standards''''' will be met by the design and construction || 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>All penetration flashings must be replaced in a roof replacement ''project''.
<li>Roof openings must be enclosed and sealed 
<ol>
<li>with ''curbs''.
<li>penetration flashings.
</li></ol>
<li>Except where fully enveloped sleepers are incorporated in the design, all membrane flashing (stripping) must extend vertically on perimeter surfaces at least 200 mm (8") above the roof field membrane, to permit a proper watertight seal.  Where pavers, ballast, growing media or any other types of ''overburden '' are designed for placement on top of the field membrane, both membrane flashing and purpose-made penetration flashings must be carried vertically past the ''finished waterproofing system'' at least 200 mm (8”) (see '''11.1.2.1 Drainage'''; see also '''11.3.2.5 Scuppers and Overflows''').
<li>''Curbs'' and metal-flanged roof penetrations (i.e. drains and B-vents) must be firmly supported directly to the ''deck'' structure or with blocking, and must not be unsupported on top of the ''roof system''.
<li>Galvanized flashings and vents 
<ol>
<li>are permitted on ''Uninsulated Systems'' or ''Conventionally Insulated Systems'', provided 
<ol>
<li>the flashing is field-wrapped with the roof membrane.  Non-proprietary membrane-compatible coated flashings are not permissible.
<li>the penetration opening does not exceed 0.126 m<sup>2</sup> (196 in<sup>2</sup>).
</li></ol>
<li>are not permitted at the water plane in a ''Protected Membrane Roof System'' or ''Modified Protected Membrane Roof System''.  Instead, the penetration must be enclosed by a ''curb'' measuring at least 200 mm (8") in height above the  ''finished waterproofing system''; the galvanized or welded flashing may then be installed and flashed in on top of the ''curb''.
<li>larger than 0.126 m<sup>2</sup> (196 in<sup>2</sup>) must be enclosed or supported by a ''curb''.
</li></ol>
<li>Aluminum or copper flashings for penetrations may be located at the water plane in any assembly type.
<li>Roof penetration flashings must be 
<ol>
<li>suitable for only one penetration.
<li>properly fitted to form a seal around the penetration.
</li></ol>
<li>Where a standard flashing is not tall enough to enclose and seal the penetration, the joint between the penetration and the flashing must be sealed with alternative methods.
<li>Single or multiple penetrations may not be flashed with an open-topped flashing filled with sealant, but must be sealed into the ''roof system'' with one of the following options:
<ol>
<li>Electrical cable penetrations must utilize a gooseneck-type flashing with a weather hood.
<li>Pipe-type penetrations must be sealed with 
<ol>
<li>the manufacturer’s proprietary rubber-based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design.
<li>a 2-part site-fabricated or proprietary flashing with a removable inspection/access cap (see '''Construction Detail SBS 11.3.3.3-2''' as an illustration of the concept).
<li>roof ''curbs'' and customized metal hoods.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<li>Sleepers or equipment pads that are completely sealed (enveloped) must be at least {{hilite | 100 mm (4") in height above the ''finished waterproofing system'', but when they are capped with a metal flashing they must be at least 125 mm (5") in height|| 2021-February-7 }}.  All penetrations through the top surface of {{hilite | a sleeper or equipment pad|| 2021-February-7 }} must be additionally sealed using
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | a compression sealant between the membrane and equipment supports|| 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | a universal sealant applied around the edges of equipment supports|| 2021-February-7 }}.
</li></ol>
<li>Housekeeping pads situated on top of the finished roof surface and supporting a combined load less than 90 kg (200 lbs) must be separated from the roof with a bond-breaking layer (i.e. XPS insulation). Housekeeping pads supporting larger loads must conform to the standards for sleepers or equipment pads.  A separation layer between XPS insulation and PVC membranes is required, to prevent leaching of plasticizers from the field membrane.
<li><span class="principles">When mechanical equipment that is ventilated on the roof extracts and discharges grease, chemicals or other contaminants that may adversely impact the roof membrane or other system components, the ''Design Authority'' should specify additional protection measures (for example, grease guards or a proprietary liquid membrane coating)</span>.
<li><span class="principles">Guardrails should be designed for attachment on vertical surfaces only; attachment of guardrails to a horizontal surface is strongly discouraged</span>.
<li>Pourable sealant pockets should be used only as a last resort, when other flashing methods are impractical.  See also 11.3.3.4 Sealant Pockets for Application requirements.
</li></ol>

==Materials==
===General===
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | Only new drains and penetration flashings listed in this ''Manual'' may be used on a ''Project'' designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Reuse of any existing drain (with the exception of serviceable cast iron drains) or any penetration flashing is prohibited and may void the ''Guarantee''.  See also '''1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations'''|| 2021-February-5 }}.
<li>All proprietary membrane flashing accessories used to flash penetrations must be manufactured and supplied by the manufacturer of the primary roof membrane.
</li></ol>
<div id="DRAIN_MATERIALS"></div>

===Roof Drains and Scuppers===
<span class="reference">Roof drains are comprised mainly of two parts: a bowl or flange that is affixed to the roof deck with mechanical fasteners or a proprietary clamping mechanism; and an integral drain stem that connects the bowl or flange to the leader. Roof drains are sized according to the diameter of the drain stem.  As stated above under Section 1: Design, the appropriate size and number of roof drains for any given roof area is determined by the relevant building code in force (ref. ''British Columbia Plumbing Code, Division B – Part 2; 2.4.10.4 Hydraulic Loads from Roofs or Paved Surfaces'')</span>.

<span class="reference">Roof drains can be further classified as {{hilite | '''internal''' or '''external'''. ''Internal roof drains''|| 2020-February-15 }} are connected to leaders located and connected to a storm building drain or sewer inside the exterior surface of a building. {{hilite | ''Internal roof drains'' may be made of cast iron (secured to the ''roof assembly'' with clamps) or from copper or aluminum, fashioned from spun components that are welded together and incorporate a flange around the drain bowl.  

''External roof drains'' direct|| 2020-February-15 }} storm water outside the exterior surface of a building.  {{hilite | ''Scuppers'' and ''overflow drains'' are the common types of ''external roof drains'', and may connect to leaders or simply drain freely.|| 2020-February-15 }} Any requirements for leaders and connections to leaders may be found in the applicable municipal and provincial building and plumbing codes (ref. ''British Columbia Building Code, Division B, 5.6.2.2 Accumulation and Disposal'')</span>. 

<ol>
<li>All flange-style drains must be manufactured with a hot-welded or seamless flange at least 100 mm (4”) wide when measured from the outer edge of the drain opening.
<li>'''Cast-iron Roof Drains''' must be 
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | designed and manufactured for roof application only; floor drains are not permissible|| 2022-June-17 }}.
<li>supplied with a sump receiver and under-deck clamp.
<li>installed by the trade supplying the roof drain.
</li></ol>
<li>'''''Internal flange-type roof drains''''' must be 
<ol>
<li>hot-welded at the joints between the bowl/flange and drain stem.
<li>equipped with a membrane clamping ring.
<li>equipped with secured strainers.
<li>constructed of non-ferrous material: 
<ol>
<li>Copper drains for internal application shall be formed from a minimum weight of 24 oz. sheet copper (20-gauge; 0.812 mm or 0.032”).
<li>Aluminum drains for internal application shall be formed from a minimum of 12-gauge material (0.820 mm or 0.0325”).
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<li>'''''External flange-type roof drains''''' must be hot-welded at the joints between the bowl/flange and drain stem and shall be constructed of non-ferrous material: 
<ol>
<li>Copper drains for external application shall be formed from a minimum weight of 16 oz. (24-gauge; 0.55 mm or 0.0216”).
<li>Aluminum drains for external application shall be formed from a minimum of 20-gauge material (0.812 mm or 0.032”).
</li></ol>
<li>Only mechanical compression type seals may be used to connect insert-type drains to internal drain leaders.
<li>'''''Scupper drains'' (open or closed)''' must be 
<ol>
<li>manufactured with welded seams and joints.
<li>fabricated from
<ol>
<li>copper with a minimum weight of 16 oz. (24-gauge; 0.55 mm or 0.0216”).
<li>aluminum with a minimum thickness of 20-gauge (0.812 mm or 0.032”).
</li></ol>
<li>fabricated with a continuous flange surrounding the drain opening, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width.
<li>designed to extend past the outside face of the ''wall''.
</li></ol>
<li>'''''Closed (boxed) scupper drains''''' must be 
<ol>
<li>fabricated from
<ol>
<li>copper with a minimum weight of 16 oz. (0.55 mm or 0.0216”).
<li>aluminum with a minimum thickness of 20-gauge (0.812 mm or 0.032”).
</li></ol>
<li>fully enclosed on four sides, for through-wall applications.
<li>fitted with an ''overflow'' opening at the outside face 
<ol>
<li>equal in capacity to the main drain leader opening.
<li>at least 38 mm (1 ½”) lower than the top surface of the ''scupper drain''.
</li></ol>
<li>fabricated with a drip edge at the bottom outside edge of the drain to deflect overflow water away from the building.
</li></ol>
<li>'''''Overflow drains''''' must incorporate a continuous flange surrounding the drain opening, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width, and may be manufactured from ferrous metals, subject to the material standards for metal found in this ''Manual''.  '''Pipe-styled overflow drains''' must be welded at the flange.
<li>All roof drains utilized in a ''roof assembly'' that includes gravel ballast or growing media (soil) must be supplied with the drain manufacturer's proprietary primary drain strainer and secondary stainless-steel ballast guard. In the absence of a proprietary ballast guard, a custom-fabricated guard may be used provided it meets the following requirements: 
<ol>
<li>Fabricated from 20-gauge stainless-steel.
<li>Incorporates 6 mm (1/4”) perforations.
<li>Equal to or greater in height than the top of the ''finished waterproofing system''.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<div id="CURB_PEN_MATERIALS"></div>

===Curbs and Penetration Flashings===
<ol>
<li>All membrane-flashed roof flashings for cylindrical penetrations must be manufactured with materials and methods that meet or exceed the requirements set out in ''CSA B272, Prefabricated Self-Sealing Roof Vent Flashings''. Testing by a qualified third party is required to verify compliance with this standard.
<li>Notwithstanding the above, all penetration flashings must be 
<ol>
<li>watertight and seamless or, in the alternative, fabricated with fully hot-welded joints.
<li>at least 8" in height, from the flange to the opening or top of the flashing.
<li>fabricated with a hot-welded or seamless flange at least 100 mm (4") wide, around the bottom of the flashing.
<li>fabricated with a tightly fitted or mechanically attached settlement cap or lid (if so required).
</li></ol>
<li>All plumbing vent flashings shall be non-ferrous.
<li>Galvanized flashings and vents must
<ol>
<li>meet or exceed the ''CSA A93'' Standard.
<li>be made with material no less than 26-gauge galvanized steel conforming to the metal standards found in '''Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS''' of this Standard.
<li>be field-wrapped with the roof membrane.  Non-proprietary membrane-compatible coated flashings are not permissible.
</li></ol>
<li>Single or multiple penetrations may not be flashed with an open-topped flashing filled with sealant, but must be sealed into the ''roof assembly'' with one of the following options:
<ol>
<li>Electrical cable penetrations must utilize a gooseneck-type flashing with a weather hood.
<li>Pipe-type penetrations must be sealed with 
<ol>
<li>the manufacturer’s proprietary rubber-based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design.
<li>a 2-part site-fabricated or proprietary flashing with a removable inspection/access cap.
<li>roof ''curbs'' and customized metal hoods.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<li><span class="recommended">Penetration flashings should be selected for their ability to inhibit the intrusion of vermin and insects into the ''roof assembly'' and building interior</span>.
</li></ol>

===Fasteners===
<ol>
<li>Mechanical fasteners used to secure the roof membrane and penetration flashings or related accessories must be 
<ol>
<li>properly sized in accordance with ''roof system'' securement requirements (see '''3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY''').
<li>self-drilling purpose-made screws having a deep-recessed head.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>

===Sealants===
<ol>
<li>Sealants must be manufactured by or acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
<li>Compression sealants must be formulated to provide waterproofed seals under compressive loads.
</li></ol>
<div id="GENERAL_APPLICATION"></div>

==Application==
===General===
====RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee====
<ol>
<li>Refer to '''11.1.2.1''' and '''11.1.3.1''' for requirements to qualify for a '''''RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee'''''.
<li>When a roof is replaced, all penetration flashings that do not utilize a fitted cap must be installed with clamped double storm collars that are fully sealed around the upper edge.  For roofs on newly constructed buildings, the ''Contractor'' is responsible to supply and install a second storm collar around the penetration (the first collar is typically supplied and installed by others).
<li><u>EPDM membrane system ''Projects'' only</u>: all outside corners must be double-wrapped using semi-cured membrane, installed according to the membrane manufacturer’s published details and written requirements.
<li>All electrical, gas and other services that penetrate the ''roof assembly'' must be protected against water intrusion with 
<ol>
<li>proprietary flashings that are sealed into the ''roof system''.
<li>curbs fitted with a “weather head” hood sealed into the curb membrane flashing.
<li>sealant pockets (used only where unavoidable) that
<ol>
<li>comply with the requirements in '''11.3.3.4 Sealant Pockets''', and 
<li>are at least 100 mm (4”) tall, or elevated the same distance above the water plane, when measured from the water plane to the top of the pocket.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<li>{{hilite | Penetrations in ''Conventionally Insulated Systems'' must be flashed using either of the following Accepted materials|| 2021-February-7 }}:
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | Non-ferrous flashings|| 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents (in keeping with the requirements in '''11.3.3.1''' ('''12''')), provided the flashings, when used at the water plane, are|| 2021-February-7 }}
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | elevated on ''curbs'', or|| 2021-February-7 }}
<li>{{hilite | coated with a reinforced catalyzed two-component liquid membrane, or with two cured applications of an accepted coating.  In either case, the coating must cover the flashing surface at the membrane seal|| 2021-February-7 }}.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
</li></ol>

====All Projects====
Several of the following standards may also be found in '''11.1.2 Design'''
<ol>
<li>With the exception of ''overflows'', ''scupper drains'' and membrane gutters, roof drains and penetration flashings for new construction ''projects'' must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or ''wall''. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
<li>Blocking installed to support drains or protrusion flashings (normally the work of other trades) must be sufficiently secured to the supporting deck to resist wind uplift loads.
<li>All membrane flashing must be hand rolled with a membrane manufacturer’s accepted roller.
<li>All inside and outside corners of membrane-flashed penetrations must be reinforced with the membrane manufacturer’s proprietary membrane gussets or corners (pre-formed or site-fabricated), measuring at least 150 mm x 150 mm (6” x 6”), unless exceeded by the membrane manufacturer’s published requirements.
<li>All seams, gussets, corners and membrane covers must be properly prepared and sealed at the edges with a membrane-compatible sealant.
<li>All metal flanged penetrations must be 
<ol>
<li>clean and dry.
<li>rounded (trimmed) at the corners.
<li>separated from wood blocking with a membrane separation sheet.
<li>installed in a bed of sealant acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
<li>securely fastened to wood blocking.
</li></ol>
<li>Membrane patches installed over flanged drains or penetration flashings must be
<ol>
<li>of like kind and thickness as the field membrane, unless otherwise specified by a manufacturer’s detail.
<li>large enough to extend past the flange at least 75 mm (3”), and fully adhered to the field membrane (EPDM only).
<li>hot-welded to the field membrane along the outer 50 mm (2”) perimeter of the patch and sealed along the edges of the patch with a compatible sealant (TPO and PVC only).
<li>extended up any vertical surface at least 200 mm (8”) and clamped (where required in this Standard).
<li>sealed at all edges with an acceptable sealant.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<div id="DRAIN_APPLICATION"></div>

===Roof Drains===
====General====
<ol>
<li>Drains must be secured to the ''supporting deck'' structure, or to blocking.
<li>All insert-type drains shall be connected to internal leaders using only mechanical compression type seals. “O”- rings, mastics and caulking are not acceptable methods for sealing these types of drains to leaders.
<li>Proprietary water-compression sealant must be used on all drain applications.
<li>{{hilite | All clamping rings and strainers must be || 2022-November-16 }} 
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | unbroken, properly seated and fully secured, and || 2022-November-16 }}
<li>{{hilite | installed immediately after application of the membrane|| 2022-November-16 }}.
</li></ol>
<li>When a roof supports ''overburden'' or is secured with ballast, drains must be installed together with a surrounding ballast guard that promotes water flow.  This requirement is in addition to the requirement for a separation space required for ''Vegetated Roof Systems''.  See also '''14.1.2.2.3''' ('''6''').
<li>When a membrane field seam comes within 150 mm (6”) of the drain clamping ring or a drain sump, the roof drain or sump must be separately flashed with a target patch 
<ol>
<li>symmetrical in size and centred over the drain.
<li>cut from the same material as the field membrane.
<li>installed before the field membrane, to achieve positive membrane laps.
<li>extending past the cut field membrane a sufficient distance for the required seam (see '''9.3.1.2 All Projects''').
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<div id="DRAIN_CAST"></div>

====Cast-iron Roof Drains====
<ol>
<li>When cast-iron roof drains are used, a sump receiver and under-deck clamp must be provided and installed by the trade supplying the roof drain.
<li><span class="principles">Drain extensions for cast-iron roof drains should be avoided</span>.
<li><span class="principles">Notwithstanding the above, if a flow restrictor is present in an existing cast drain leader, the restrictor should be reinstalled</span>.
<li>All cast-iron roof drains must be 
<ol>
<li>flashed in accordance with the membrane manufacturer's published instructions, or to the standards published in this Part, whichever are greater.
<li>new or clean, and the drain and clamping rings must be unbroken.
</li></ol>
<li>Cast-iron drains installed with '''continuous field membrane''': 
<ol>
<li>The continuity of air and vapour control layers must be maintained, where the controls are specified.
<li>All ''roof system'' components, including tapered insulation, must be cut to fit closely around the drain bowl and leader.
<li>The drain flange must be clean and dry.
<li>A membrane-compatible sealant must be applied to the drain flange where it makes contact with the clamping ring.
<li>A membrane patch, matching in thickness and composition to the field membrane, must be 
<ol>
<li>applied over the drain flange and onto the roof field. 
<li>cut for the drain opening so that the opening exceeds the size of the drainpipe, but the membrane must extend inside drain bowl at least 12 mm (1/2") past the clamping ring and its attachment points. 
<li>punched or tightly cut for clamping bolt holes; clamping ring bolts must be snugly threaded through each hole.
<li>formed to conform to the contours of the drain bowl.
<li>symmetrical and large enough to extend from the clamping ring at least 150 mm (6”) to the edge of the finished seam.
</li></ol>
<li>The clamping ring must be seated and secured, ensuring it is not broken.
<li>The drain screen must be securely installed.
</li></ol>
<li>Cast-iron drains installed with '''membrane flashing''' (target patch): 
<ol>
<li>The continuity of air and vapour control layers must be maintained, where the controls are specified.
<li>All ''roof system'' components, including tapered insulation, must be cut to fit closely around the drain bowl and leader.
<li>The drain flange must be clean and dry.
<li>A membrane-compatible sealant must be applied to the drain flange where it makes contact with the clamping ring.
<li>A membrane patch, matching in thickness and composition to the field membrane, must be 
<ol>
<li>applied over the drain flange and onto the roof field. 
<li>cut for the drain opening so that the opening exceeds the size of the drainpipe, but the membrane must extend inside drain bowl at least 12 mm (1/2") past the clamping ring and its attachment points. 
<li>punched or tightly cut for clamping bolt holes; clamping ring bolts must be snugly threaded through each hole.
<li>formed to conform to the contours of the drain bowl.
<li>symmetrical and large enough to extend from the clamping ring at least 150 mm (6”) to the edge of the finished seam.
<li>seamed and sealed with the field membrane in keeping with the standards for seams in '''9.3.1.2 All Projects'''.
</li></ol>
<li>The clamping ring must be seated and secured, ensuring it is not broken.
<li>The drain screen must be securely installed.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<div id="DRAIN_INSERT"></div>

====Roof Drain Inserts (Replacement Roofing)====
<ol>
<li>An external coupling is preferable to an internal mechanical compression seal, but when an internal compression seal is used out of necessity, the joint must be properly prepared to ensure the joined surfaces are clean, smooth and uniform. Honing out the cast pipe may be required.
<li>When a cast-iron roof drain has deteriorated to the extent that it cannot receive a new roof membrane, installation must conform to the membrane manufacturer's published instructions, or to the following requirements, whichever are greater: 
<ol>
<li>Remove any broken parts and debris.
<li>Install the drain insert utilizing a compression seal (see '''11.3.2.1 General''').
</li></ol>
</li></ol>

====[NOT USED]====
<div id="DRAIN_SCUPPER"></div>
====Scuppers and Overflows====
<ol>
<li>'''''Open scupper drains''''' may be constructed to match the height of the ''parapet'' or roof edge, and must be fully sealed with the field and perimeter membrane flashing. 
<li>When a '''''through-wall scupper''''' is specified, only fully enclosed scupper drains (enclosed on all sides and open only at the inflow and outflow ends) may be installed.
<li>'''''Scuppers''''' and '''''overflows''''' that are installed through walls may be installed no closer than 200 mm (8") to 
<ol>
<li>a roof drain.
<li>any protrusion and its flashing.
</li></ol>
<li>'''''Scuppers''''' and '''''overflows''''' must be 
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | cleaned and prepared to receive membrane flashing (refer to the membrane manufacturer’s published requirements)|| 2022-June-17 }}.
<li>embedded in a layer of trowelled membrane-compatible mastic.
<li>primed on exposed flanges to receive membrane flashing.
<li>secured to the wall. Mechanical fasteners used for this purpose must be self-drilling purpose-made screws having a deep-recessed head.
<li>sealed to the roof system with membrane flashing plies that overlap the flanges at least 100 mm (4”) and extend onto the surrounding field or perimeter base membrane by at least 150 mm (6").
<li>{{hilite | sealed to the ''roof system'' with membrane flashing that overlaps the flanges at least 100 mm (4”) and extends onto the surrounding membrane by at least 150 mm (6").  Seal membrane edges as required in this Standard|| 2022-June-17 }}. 
</li></ol>
<li>Clamping collars must be securely installed as designed and where specified.
</li></ol>
<div id="CURB_PEN_INSTALLATION"></div> 

===Curbs and Penetration Flashings===
====General====
<ol>
<li>Roof openings must be enclosed and sealed with either of the following:
<ol>
<li>''curbs''.
<li>penetration flashings.
</ol></li>
<li>''Curbs'' and penetration flashings must extend at least 200 mm (8”) above the ''Finished Waterproofing System''.  Waterproofing of equipment installed on a curb is the responsibility of others.
<li>Membrane that terminates on any vertical surface must be secured to the vertical substrate by the ''Contractor''.
<li>Sleepers or equipment pads that are completely sealed (enveloped) must be at least {{hilite | 100 mm (4") in height above the finished roof surface, but when they are capped with a metal flashing they must be at least 125 mm (5") in height|| 2021-February-7 }}.  All penetrations through the top surface of {{hilite | a sleeper or equipment pad|| 2021-February-7 }} must be additionally sealed using
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | a compression sealant between the membrane and equipment supports|| 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | a universal sealant applied around the edges of equipment supports|| 2021-February-7 }}.
</li></ol>
<li>Except where fully enveloped sleepers are incorporated in the design, all membrane flashing (stripping) must extend vertically on perimeter surfaces at least 200 mm (8") above the roof field membrane, to permit a proper watertight seal.  Where pavers, ballast, growing media or any other type of ''Roof Coverings'' are designed for placement on top of the field membrane, both membrane flashing and purpose-made penetration flashings must be carried vertically past the top surface of the covering (the ''finished waterproofing system'') at least 200 mm (8”)(see '''11.1.2.1 Drainage'''; see also '''11.3.2.5 Scuppers and Overflows''').
<li>Penetration flashings for new construction ''projects'' must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or ''wall''. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
<li>Roof penetration flashings designed for a single penetration must 
<ol>
<li>be suitable for only a single rigid penetration.
<li>be properly fitted to form or permit a seal around the penetration.
<li>trimmed to eliminate sharp corners.
<li>fully supported from the deck.
<li>not be used with multiple pipe roof penetrations.
<li>sealed to the penetration with a stainless-steel clamping ring and sealant applied to the membrane edge.
</li></ol>
<li>Multiple or flexible penetrations may not be flashed with an open-topped flashing filled with sealant, but must be sealed into the roof assembly with one of the following options:
<ol>
<li>Electrical cable penetrations 
<ol>
<li>must pass through a gooseneck-type flashing with a weather hood.
<li>should be drooped to prevent water ingress through the flashing.
</li></ol>
<li>Pipe-type penetrations must be sealed with 
<ol>
<li>the manufacturer’s proprietary rubber-based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design.
<li>A 2-part site-fabricated or proprietary retrofit flashing with a removable inspection/access cap.
<li>Roof ''curbs'' and customized metal hoods.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<li>Where a purpose-made flashing does not fit the penetration, the joint between the penetration and the flashing must be sealed using one of the following methods:
<ol>
<li>using a site-formed non-bituminous flexible roof membrane storm collar, which is
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | fashioned from semi-cured EPDM or its equivalent ||2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | installed free of wrinkles or fish-mouths ||2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | fully wrapped around the penetration and flashing and installed so that the membrane overlaps both the penetration and the flashing at least 50 mm (2") ||2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | loosely wrapped around the penetration at least 1 ½ times or adhered to itself and overlapped at least 50 mm (2") ||2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | clamped both at the top and at the bottom with stainless steel clamps set back from the membrane edge no more than 6.35 mm (1/4") ||2021-February-7 }}.
</ol></li>
<li>with a {{hilite | heat- ||2021-February-7 }}shrink wrapped membrane termination
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | extending 50 mm (2”) onto both the penetration and the flashing ||2021-February-7 }}.
<li>secured with a stainless-steel mechanical compression strap.
</ol></li>
</ol></li>
<br>
Regardless of the above method, {{hilite | a compatible ||2021-February-7 }} sealant must be applied between the penetration and the collar or {{hilite | heat-shrink wrapping|| 2021-February-7 }}.
<br>
<br>
{{hilite | See '''Figure 11.3.3.1-1''' below for an illustration of these standards ||2021-February-7 }}.
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
|+ {{hilite | '''Figure 11.3.3.1-1''' (Click to expand)|| 2021-February-7 }}
|-
| [[File:Figure 11.3.3.1-1 (SPly).jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/b/b8/Figure_11.3.3.1-1_%28SPly%29.jpg | 400 px]]
|}
<li>Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents may be installed on 
<ol>
<li>''Uninsulated Systems'' or ''Conventionally Insulated Systems'', provided the vents 
<ol>
<li>measure no more than 350 mm x 350 mm (14" x 14") in size, equal to approximately 0.12 meter squared (196 sq. in.) (Larger vents must be installed on curbs).
<li>are not located in or near a valley and are well drained.
</li></ol>
<li>slopes less than 1:50 (1/4” in 12”), provided the vents are coated on all surfaces to a point at least 100 mm (4") above the ''finished waterproofing system''. {{hilite |The coating must be|| 2021-February-7 }}
<ol>
<li>{{hilite | an Accepted Material listed in this ''Manual'' and must be acceptable to the membrane manufacturer|| 2021-February-7 }}.
<li>{{hilite | applied evenly and with straight lines|| 2021-February-7 }} {{hilite | and must coat the penetration flashing at the membrane seal|| 2021-October-30 }}. <span class="recommended">{{hilite | Two cured coats are recommended for enhanced durability|| 2021-February-7 }}</span> {{hilite | but are required for the '''''RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee'''''|| 2021-October-30 }}.
</ol></li>
<li>''Protected Membrane Roof Systems'' or ''Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems'', provided the vents are mounted on membrane-flashed curbs.
</li></ol>
<li>When a pipe-type penetration is flashed with a cylindrical or conical purpose-made metal flashing that does not incorporate a fitted cap, the penetration must be protected immediately above the exposed top of the flashing with at least one properly fitted, level storm collar.  All storm collars must be sealed at the top edge with an acceptable sealant.  
<br>
<br>
This Standard applies to B-vent penetrations also.
<li>Housekeeping pads situated on top of the ''finished waterproofing system'' and supporting a combined load less than 90 kg (200 lbs) must be separated from the roof with a bond-breaking layer (i.e. XPS insulation, or a drainage mat for PVC membranes).  Housekeeping pads supporting larger loads must conform to the standards for sleepers or equipment pads.
<li>Pourable sealant pockets should be used only when a purpose-made flashing is not available or practicable.
</li></ol>

====[NOT USED]====
====[NOT USED]====
<div id="CURB_PEN_POCKETS"></div>
====Sealant Pockets====
<ol>
<li>When pourable sealant pockets are considered as the last resort to seal a penetration, 
<ol>
<li>the penetration surfaces must be properly prepared following the sealant manufacturer’s instructions, to ensure a good bond between the penetration and the sealant.
<li>unless exceeded by the published instructions of the manufacturer, sealant pockets must be 
<ol>
<li>cleaned and primed.
<li>at least 50 mm (2”) deep.
<li>large enough to provide at least 25 mm (1”) of fillable space on all sides of the penetration.
<li>crowned with sealant to shed water.
</li></ol>
<li>only the membrane manufacturer’s approved proprietary UV-stable urethane-based structural sealants may be used to fill sealant pockets.
<li>sealant pockets must be sealed to the roof membrane.
<li>a site-formed non-bituminous flexible roof membrane storm collar must be fitted and secure it to the penetration with stainless steel clamps.
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
</li></ol><div id="GUARDRAILS"></div>

===Guardrails===
<ol>
<li><span class="principles">Guardrails should be installed only on vertical surfaces; attachment of guardrails to a horizontal surface is strongly discouraged</span>.
<li>Where guardrails are fastened through the top of copings, the base shall be installed in a continuous bed of compression sealant, but in any event, a written Variance must be requested from the '''''Guarantor'''''. 
<li>Guardrails shall not direct water into a ''roof system'' by means of weep holes or the method of fastening, and mounts and flashings shall be installed at least 87.7 mm (3 ½”) above the roof surface.
</li></ol>