Difference between revisions of "Table Drafts 5"

Revision as of 14:12, 7 October 2021

1 Part 1 - General
2 Part 2 - Supporting Structures: Decks and Walls
3 Part 3 - Securing the Roof Assembly
4 Part 4 - Materials
5 Part 5 - Deck and Wall Overlays
6 Part 6 - Air and Vapour Controls
7 Part 7 - Insulation
8 Part 8 - Insulation Overlays
9 Part 9 - Field Membrane Systems
10 Part 10 - Perimeters and Walls
11 Part 11 - Drainage
12 Part 12 - Penetrations and Curbs
13 Part 13 - Linear Metal Flashings
14 Part 14 - The Roof as a Platform

Division B - Standards

Standard Format Template for Roof Waterproofing Standards

About the Standard

This Standard is comprised of fourteen (14) Parts that contain the requirements, guiding principles, recommendations and informative materials necessary for the design and installation of a project to qualify for a RoofStar 5-Year Guarantee, RoofStar 10-Year Guarantee or RoofStar 15-year Guarantee. Requirements to qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee are listed in each relevant Part under Section 1. All RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee requirements must be read together with the General Requirements for each Part in this Standard.

Notes to the Standard are hyperlinked from each Part, and also can be read by using the link in the Table of Contents for the Standard, or by using the link on the System page.

Readers are advised to review relevant materials that can be accessed through the hyperlinks embedded in the body of text.

Table of Contents
Part 1 - General
Part 2 - Supporting Structures: Decks and Walls
Part 3 - Securing the Roof Assembly
Part 4 - Materials
Part 5 - Deck and Wall Overlays
Part 6 - Air and Vapour Controls
Part 7 - Insulation
Part 8 - Insulation Overlays
Part 9 - Field Membrane Systems
Part 10 - Perimeters and Walls
Part 11 - Drainage
Part 12 - Penetrations and Curbs
Part 13 - Linear Metal Flashings
Part 14 - The Roof as a Platform
Notes to Standard

© RCABC 2021
No reproduction of this Standard, in whole or in part, is lawful without the expressed permission of the RGC Guarantee Program.

Editor's note
The content of this Standard was significantly revised and supplemented in November 2018 and is effective December 1, 2018. Therefore, the reader should consider all of the content to be new since that date. Projects bid after October 30, 2019 must conform to the Standards published in this document. Highlighted text within the body of the Standard and its Parts indicates revisions made within the last twelve (12) months. Click the icon below for a PDF copy of the current Standards published on this page. The reader is responsible to ensure that downloaded copies remain current with the online version of the Roofing Practices Manual. Only the online version of these or any other RoofStar Guarantee Standards shall be considered valid for the purpose of designing and constructing a RoofStar-qualified Project. This Standard was revised effective June 17, 2021 and replaces the Standard dated February 5, 2021.

Part 1 - General

Section 1.1. Design

1.1.1. General

1.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

1.1.1.2. Coverage and Limitations

Coverage under the RoofStar Guarantee shall be as described in Article 1.2.1.2, Limitations and Exclusions of Guarantee, of Part 3 in Division A in this Manual.

1.1.1.3. References

In this Standard, all references to
1. the British Columbia Building Code, municipal or regional building codes or regulations (collectively referred to as the “Code”), or other standards, presume the current edition that is in force.
2. materials mean those materials expressly accepted by the RGC, unless stated otherwise.

1.1.1.4. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part and Standard:
1. Design Authority means the individual or firm responsible for the issuance of Project specifications and details to which the Project will be bid and constructed. When a Contractor designs a Project, the Contractor is deemed to be the Design Authority.
2. Finished waterproofing/water-shedding system means the top surface of a waterproofing system or water-shedding system that may include ballast or that supports overburden.
3. Linear metal flashings are flashings cut and shaped from flat metal stock, to redirect water at roof perimeters and edges, and are used in valleys and drainage spillways.
4. Waterproofing system: means a sheet membrane or liquid-applied system that, regardless of slope, excludes water from a building and therefore waterproofs it. These systems are typically installed on slopes less than 1:4 (3” in 12”), on roofs or at grade level.
5. Water-shedding system means a roof system that, with sufficient slope, sheds water away from a structure but does not necessarily waterproof it.

1.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

1.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

To qualify for a RoofStar 15-year (Waterproofing Roofs) Guarantee, the following requirements apply:
1. Each project must be designed and constructed in compliance with both the RoofStar Guarantee Standards, together with the membrane manufacturer’s available 20-year System Warranty standards.
2. Where enhanced roof system securement is required by the manufacturer, which may exceed the securement required in a Tested Assembly, an Assembly with Proven Past Performance or a custom-engineered securement, the project must comply with the higher securement requirements.
3. On all "new construction" projects, where external access is not provided, all roofs with a field elevation greater than 7500 mm (25’) above grade must incorporate safe, appropriate access to the roof, for example by incorporating stairs and a doorway or a properly located roof hatch. These requirements are recommended for existing buildings to facilitate maintenance and ongoing performance reviews.
4. Membrane Replacement projects must be documented and submitted in report form to the Guarantor for review and consideration prior to tender. Documented testing means a moisture survey scan performed by a qualified person, and a series of cut tests:
  1. At least three (3) cut tests for roof areas up to 20,000 sf (200 squares), or one (1) cut test for every 2000 sf (20 squares), whichever is more,
  2. One (1) cut test for every 3000 sf (30 squares) of roof area that exceeds the first 20,000 sf (200 squares), or
  3. One (1) cut test for each small roof area measuring no more than 200 sf (2 squares).
5. Membrane Replacement projects must incorporate new insulation overlays in keeping with the requirements published in Part 8 INSULATION OVERLAYS.
6. Materials left in place for partial roof system replacement must be scanned for moisture ( 1.5.2.3).
7. All roofs (new construction and replacement roofing) must be built with a minimum slope of 2% (1:50) ( 2.1.4.2 and 2.1.4.3).
8. All replacement roofing must utilize crickets to enhance drainage around curbs and sleepers ( 2.1.4.3).
9. Curbs and sleepers wider/longer than 1200 mm (48") must incorporate crickets to improve drainage ( 7.1.2).
10. An insulation overlay is required on all Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems ( 8.1.1).
11. Only certain membranes will qualify for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee ( 9.1.2).
12. All drains and overflows require clamping rings, and overflows are required for each roof area ( 11.1.2).
13. Enhanced penetration flashing requirements ( 12.1.2).
14. Linear metal flashings must be fabricated from 24-gauge material ( 13.1.2).

1.1.3. General Requirements

(See Note A-1.1.3.)

1.1.3.1. Accessibility for Maintenance

1.1.3.2. Membrane Integrity Scans

1.1.3.3. Electronic Leak Detection

1.1.3.4. Hot Works

1.1.3.5. Variances

1.1.4. Alterations and Additions

1.1.4.1. System Replacement

1.1.4.2. Membrane Replacement

1.1.4.3. Recovering

1.1.4.4. Tie-ins and Additions to Existing Roofing

Section 1.2. Materials

1.2.1. Material Properties

1.2.1.1. New Materials Required for Guarantee

Section 1.3. Application

1.3.1. Reserved

1.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

1.3.2.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

1.3.3. General Requirements

1.3.3.1. Hot Works: Contractor Requirements

1.3.3.2. Workmanship

1.3.3.3. Contractor Qualifications

1.3.4. Alterations and Additions

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

1.3.4.1. System Replacement

1.3.4.2. Membrane Replacement

1.3.4.3. Recovering

1.3.4.4. Tie-ins and Additions to Existing Roofing

Part 2 - Supporting Structures: Decks and Walls

Section 2.1. Design

2.1.1. General

2.1.1.1. Scope

2.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Flat (roof) means a roof with a slope from 1:6 (2” in 12”, or 9 degrees) up to but less than 1:3 (4” in 12”, or 18 degrees).
2. Low Slope means a roof with a slope 1:3 (4” in 12”, or 18 degrees) up to and including 1:1 (12” in 12”, or 45 degrees).
3. Steep Slope means a roof with a slope greater than 1:1 (12” in 12”, or 45 degrees) up to and including 21:12 (21” in 12”, or 84 degrees).
4. Extreme Slope means a roof with a slope greater than 21:12 (21” in 12”, or 84 degrees).

2.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

2.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Replacement roofs must
1. be sloped at least 2% (1/4” in 12”), measured on the primary sloped planes of the roof, in order to qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee, and
2. incorporate crickets at curbs and sleepers that impede drainage or are wider or longer than 1200 mm (48”).

2.1.3. General Requirements

2.1.3.1. Deck Condition and Suitability for Roofing

The Code having jurisdiction prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the requirements published in this Standard.
Notwithstanding the requirements in this Standard, the RoofStar Guarantee does not extend coverage to the supporting deck or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the Design Authority and the building contractor.
Prior to the application of the roof system, the supporting deck and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free of
1. moisture,
2. frost,
3. dust and debris,
4. contaminants,
5. objectionable surface treatments,
6. release oils, and
7. laitance.
If surface drying is required prior to roofing, use blown air to facilitate this.
Walls, parapets, curbs, blocking and penetrations should be constructed or placed prior to the commencement of roofing work. This work is provided by other trades.
The supporting deck should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating roof system component movement.

2.1.3.2. Drainage Around Obstructions

Curbs that span 1800 mm (6’) or more across the drainage plane should be designed with a cricket to divert water around the curb.

2.1.4. Slope

2.1.4.1. General

(See Note A-2.1.4.1.)

The Design Authority must design the slope of a roof to achieve proper drainage, and must take into consideration the anticipated deflection and settlement of the structure, which may interfere with drainage.
Throughout this Standard, the defined terms of Article 2.1.1.2 apply. See Figure 2.1 for an illustrated guide to the above definitions.
Figure 2.1 (Click to expand)
350 px
While good drainage is desirable but not always perfectly achievable, and roof waterproofing systems generally are not affected by standing water, each project design should incorporate sufficient slope to move water off the roof surface. Sufficient slope is attained when (subject to conditions that permit evaporation) no standing water remains on the roof surface, after a reasonable interval following a rainfall. Local climate conditions may necessitate design slopes higher than the minimums published in this Standard. See Article 2.1.3.2 and Article 2.1.3.3 for minimum requirements.
Drainage is best achieved (in descending order of best practices) with
1. four-way slope to drain,
2. two-way slope to drain, in combination with crickets between drains,
3. slope to a common valley, or with gutters, or
4. positive sloping valleys to drains (highly recommended).
Drain sumps, designed to isolate collected water for the drain, need not be sloped. The use of drain sumps is highly recommended. See also Subsection 11.1.3.

2.1.4.2. Roof Slope for New Construction

All new construction roofs that qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee must be designed and built with a slope of no less than 2% (1/4” in 12”), measured on the primary sloped planes of the roof.
Single-ply SBS roof systems must be designed and built with a slope of no less than 6% (3/4" in 12"), measured on the primary sloped planes of the roof. Any roof areas with slopes less than 6% (3/4" in 12") require 2-ply membrane systems.

2.1.4.3. Roof Slope for Replacement Roofing

Replacement roof systems may qualify for a RoofStar 5-year Guarantee or RoofStar 10-year Guarantee without correcting poor drainage, though the elimination of ponding (standing water) is strongly recommended.

See also Part 7 INSULATION.

2.1.5. Roof Decks

2.1.5.1. Steel Roof Decks

(See Note A-2.1.5.1.)

Steel deck panels must be installed to provide a smooth, uniform surface for roofing.
A thermal barrier may be required to conform to Code or fire insurance-rated assemblies, when the roof system is insulated (usually when the insulation is classified as combustible).
Uninsulated systems require a deck overlay for the membrane. A RoofStar-accepted moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core board may serve both as a thermal barrier and as a level surface. For more about this, see Article 5.3.2.1.

2.1.5.2. Concrete Roof Decks

(See Note A-2.1.5.2.)

Not all membrane assemblies are suitable for application on every type of concrete deck, and therefore the Design Authority is strongly urged to consider potential deck deflection when designing the assembly.
It is not permissible to adhere roof membranes to freshly poured concrete decks, within the first 28 days after pouring, unless expressly instructed in writing by the Building Envelope Engineer. The use of the term "adhered" means adhered by means of an adhesive, hot bitumen or heat.
The condition of the deck must be made suitable for roofing by trades other than the Contractor; ridges, bumps or cracks must be removed or repaired, and weld plates and elevation differences must be feathered with grout
Pre-cast decks joints should be “taped” or stripped-in with a membrane ply by the Contractor.

2.1.5.3. All Wood Roof Decks

(See Note A-2.1.5.3.)

Notwithstanding minimum wood deck thickness requirements published in the Code having jurisdiction, when a roof must be designed to resist Specified Wind Loads, plywood or non-veneered panels (such as O.S.B. or wafer board) used as a roof deck must be at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick, unless exceeded by the deck thickness specified in a Tested Assembly (often 19 mm (3/4”), an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or a roof assembly with custom-engineered securement.
Wood decks shall be secured to other supporting structural elements of the building in keeping with the published requirements of the Code having jurisdiction.
Differential edge movements or deflection exceeding 1/360 of the span must be prevented
1. by constructing the deck with tongue-and-groove plywood, and supporting the non-grooved edges with joists or solid blocking, or
2. by supporting butt joints at unsupported edges with solid blocking.
All wood decks must be affixed to the supporting framing or structure with corrosion-resistant
1. wood screws,
2. spiral nails, or
3. ring shank nails.
Specifying the structural suitability of fasteners is the responsibility of the Design Authority.
All wood decks with knots or cracks must
1. have metal affixed over them before the deck can be accepted for roofing (this work should be done by others), and
2. nust be overlaid with a layer of knot-free plywood at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick.
All types of wood decks should be roofed promptly after installation.
When a plywood deck is intended to support a Protected Membrane Roof System and a Vegetated Roof System,
1. the plywood should be marine-grade T&G material at least 19 mm (3/4”) thick, depending up on the anticipated live and dead loads of the roof systems, and
2. the Design Authority shall be responsible to calculate the anticipated live and dead loads of the system and design suitable approaches to mitigate deflection.
All mass timber or wood board decks must be covered with a properly secured, suitable overlay to protect membranes from wood sap or deck surface irregularities and protruding fasteners. Plywood and non-veneered panel decks are exempted from this requirement.

2.1.5.4. Plywood Roof Decks

The plywood panels should conform to CSA 0121, “Douglas Fir Plywood”, CSA 0151, “Canadian Softwood Plywood”, or CSA 0153, “Poplar Plywood”, following requirements published in the Code having jurisdiction.
Plywood roof sheathing should be installed in a staggered pattern with the surface grain at right angles to the roof framing.

2.1.5.5. Laminated Timber Roof Decks

Laminated timber decks are considered "mass timber decks" and therefore must be overlaid with plywood in keeping with the general requirements for wood decks in Article 2.1.5.3.

2.1.5.6. Non-veneered Panel Roof Decks

See Part 9 FIELD MEMBRANE SYSTEMS for application standards and limitations.

2.1.5.7. Wood Board Roof Decks

Wood board decks should be of sound seasoned lumber, properly secured to the supporting structure.

2.1.6. Expansion and Control Joints

2.1.6.1. Expansion Joints

(See Note A-2.1.6.1.)

Structural expansion joints should be considered wherever
1. the type of deck changes,
2. additions connect to existing buildings,
3. separate wings of a building join (e.g. “L” or “T” configurations),
4. interior heating conditions change, or
5. differential movement may occur (e.g. parapet detail where the deck is not supported by the wall).
The location of expansion joints must be clearly indicated on the drawings, drawn in detail, and included in the specifications.
The construction of structural expansion joints is the responsibility of others and must be in place before the Contractor accepts the deck for roofing.
Expansion joints constructed as a raised divider must have a sloped top surface and must extend in height above the finished waterproofing system no less than 200 mm (8"). The minimum height of the expansion joint may be reduced to 100 mm (4") if the primary roof membrane flashing is fully supported and sealed over the top.

See also Construction Details and Subsection 10.3.9 Expansion and Control Joints concerning membrane application.

2.1.6.2. Control Joints

(See Note A-2.1.6.2.)

The Design Authority is responsible to determine the need for roof dividers and control joints and is responsible for their design. The use of roof dividers and control joints should be evaluated on a product performance basis.
When roof dividers are specified and detailed, they should divide the roof into approximately equal, regular-shaped areas. Ideally, roof dividers should be located at the high points of the roof, with drainage away from the divider on both sides, but drainage must not be impeded by the roof divider.
The location of roof dividers must be clearly indicated on the drawings, drawn in detail, and included in the specifications. Specifications should clearly indicate responsibility for their construction.
When roof dividers are already present (during replacement roofing), the dividers must extend at least 100 mm (4”) in height above the finished waterproofing system.

See also Construction Details and Subsection 10.3.9 Expansion and Control Joints concerning membrane application.

2.1.7. Walls

(See Note A-2.1.7.)

2.1.7.1. General

Wall surfaces must be clean, dry and smooth, suitable for the application of roof system materials.
When a wall
1. surface is unsuitable to receive waterproofing materials, it must be resurfaced with an RoofStar-accepted wall overlay (see Part 5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS for material and application standards).
2. is concrete or masonry (including Concrete Masonry Units, CMU), it must be declared suitable for adhesion by the roofing material manufacturer; unsuitable walls must be overlaid with an acceptable material (see Article 2.1.8.2).
Sheathing, defined as a rigid panel material secured directly onto framing, is considered a wall surface for the purpose of this Standard.
Wall surfaces receiving waterproofing materials must extend beyond the maximum installed height of the waterproofing, but in any event must be installed at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished waterproofing system (Refer to Article 2.1.8.2 for suitable wall surface materials).
Indirect connections between walls and roofs require a control joint (See Note A-2.1.8.1)
The Design Authority must ensure a continuous connection between the roof system from field to perimeter, in order to control or inhibit the movement of water, air and vapour.
Wood or steel-stud walls must be sheathed with a material suitable for securing metal flashings.
For concrete walls, see Article 2.1.5.2.

2.1.8. Electrical Cables and Boxes

(See Note A-2.1.8.)

2.1.8.1. New Construction

Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed within a roof assembly(Figure 2.1.9-1).
Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed on the underside of a roof assembly, unless
1. the supporting deck structure equals or exceeds 76 mm (3”) in thickness(Figure 2.1.9-2), or
2. the cables, raceways or boxes are installed and supported so there is a separation of not less than 38 mm measured between the underside of the roof assembly and the electrical installation (Figure 2.1.9-3).
Notwithstanding either (1) and (2), cables or raceways shall be permitted to pass through a roof assembly for connection to electrical equipment installed on the roof, provided that the passage through the roof is a part of the roof assembly design.
Electrical cables installed above the roof assembly should be elevated to permit proper support, roof maintenance and future replacement roofing (Figure 2.1.9-4).

**Figures 2.1.9-1** (Click to expand)

**Figures 2.1.9-2** (Click to expand)

**Figures 2.1.9-3** (Click to expand)

**Figures 2.1.9-4** (Click to expand)

2.1.8.2. Alterations

If existing electrical cables or boxes do not conform to the requirements in Article 2.1.9.1, the Design Authority must consider the attachment of the roof system above the electrical system, and the requirements set out in Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY.
The Design Authority should
1. specify protection of existing electrical cables and boxes (a 5 mm (3/16”) steel plate may be used to minimize the possibility of fastener penetration and cutter damage, but it should be understood that protection plates may interfere with mechanical fasteners used to secure the roof system against wind uplift, even for future replacement roofing), and
2. provide the building owner with detailed as-built drawings that accurately map the location of electrical cables and boxes.

Section 2.2. Materials

2.2.1. Material Properties

2.2.1.1. Sheathing for Framed Walls

Framed wall sheathing must be
1. moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core board, with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”) (These panels are specifically designed to receive roof membranes and may be installed horizontally or vertically).
2. fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜"), or
3. plywood, having a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”).
Where wall sheathing is unsuitable to receive roofing materials, refer to Part 5, DECK and WALL OVERLAYS.

Section 2.3. Application

2.3.1. Reserved

2.3.2. Reserved

2.3.3. General Requirements

2.3.3.1. Construction of Decks and Walls

Unless otherwise permitted and described in this Standard, the construction of deck and wall structures, and their suitability for the application of roofing materials, is the responsibility of other trades.

Part 3 - Securing the Roof Assembly

Click on the gif above to see the full high-definition video, which illustrates why roof system attachment standards matter (NOTE: the system shown in the video represents a mechanically fastened EPDM roof, constructed to RoofStar Guarantee Standards. The membrane "flutter" in wind is normal for this type of roof system).

Section 3.1. Design

3.1.1. General

3.1.1.1. Scope

(See Note A-3.1.1.1.)

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.
This Part applies to all new roofs, and to both full and partial replacement roof systems.
This Part sets out the requirements for
1. material substitution (applicable to Tested Assemblies),
2. fastener and adhesive application (minimum numbers and spacing), and
3. roofs installed with Overburden, Protected Membrane Roof Systems, and roofs where only part of the system must be replaced.
See the decision tree in Figure 3.3 which illustrates the requirements of this Subsection and Section 3 of this Standard.
Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems designed and constructed with sheet membranes must be secured using one of two options:
1. a Tested Assembly (a membrane roof system, together with a specified roof deck, tested for its wind resistance capabilities using CSA Standard A123.21 Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems (latest edition). It is important to note that CSA-A123.21 is a test method developed only for Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems constructed with sheet membranes, and does not apply to other sheet membrane roof systems, or to roof systems constructed with other waterproofing materials such as liquid-applied membranes).
2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance (an existing, representative roof system, together with a specified roof deck, which is used as a “proven” pattern for securing a new roof system on the building under consideration; see 3.3.3.1.2 Roof Assemblies with Proven Past Performance).
When neither of the foregoing options is available to the Design Authority to conform to the Code, the RoofStar Guarantee Standards require the roof system to be secured using a custom engineered design (see 3.3.3.1.3 Engineered Designs).

3.1.1.2. Intent

(See Note A-3.1.1.2.)

The requirements in this Part intend to support and conform to the Building Code.

3.1.1.3. Limit of Liability under RoofStar Guarantee

Notwithstanding Article 3.1.2.1, the materials presented herein are based on an interpretation of the Code and are not the Code itself. Therefore, the reader is responsible to exercise good judgement, and to read, understand and comply with the Code, as and how it applies to the reader’s particular project and its design requirements. Where the Code can be shown to exceed the requirements, guiding principles and recommendations of this Part or any related Part in this Standard, the Code shall prevail.
Compliance with this Part or the Code does not guarantee that a roof will not succumb to forces exerted by wind. Too many variables beyond the control of this Standard affect the wind resistance performance of a roof system, including (without limitation)
1. the continuity or discontinuity of air and vapour control layers of the entire building enclosure.
2. openings in the building (windows and doors, which are often occupant-controlled and not static).
3. wind strength which may exceed the codified numeric wind speed values used to calculate wind resistance for the roof system (ref. British Columbia Building Code, Division B, Appendix C, Table C-1).
Consequently, neither the RoofStar Guarantee Program nor the Contractor will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, a roof system caused by wind.

3.1.1.4. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. CSA Standard means the CSA Standard A123.21 Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems (latest edition).
2. Specified Wind Load means the force of wind which dynamically affects a membrane roof system, including negative pressure that can pull the roof system upward. These uplift forces are expressed as a negative value (negative pressure), and are influenced by many variables including, without limitation, wind speed, building height, roof slope, wall openings, roof overhangs and ground roughness.

3.1.2. Special Requirements

3.1.2.1. Responsibility for Design

The Design Authority is responsible for the proper calculation of Specified Wind Loads for a roof Waterproofing System, regardless of its design, and must use the Wind-RCI online wind calculator, or use the formulae in the British Columbia Building Code, Division B, Part 4; Subsection 4.1.7 Wind Loads (see 2.2.1.2 Structural Design; The British Columbia Building Code, Division C, Part 2, Section 2.2 Administration. See also Notes to Part 2). This includes roofs that support an overburden, including Vegetated Roof Systems.
When the geometry of a building exceeds the capabilities of the Wind-RCI calculator, the Design Authority must calculate wind loads in accordance with the British Columbia Building Code, Division B, Part 4, 4.1.7 Wind Loads, and in consultation with other sections of the British Columbia Building Code as they pertain to the determination of Specified Wind Loads. Acceptance of a roof for a RoofStar Guarantee is predicated on the assumption that the Design Authority has performed Due Diligence with respect to Specified Wind Loads and has provided the Contractor with sufficient information to construct a roof system that complies with the Code.

3.1.2.2. Enhanced Securement

Where a RoofStar 15-year (Roof Waterproofing) Guarantee is specified, and enhanced roof system securement is required by the membrane manufacturer in order to meet their system warranty requirements (enhanced securement may exceed the securement required in a Tested Assembly, an Assembly with Proven Past Performance or a custom-engineered securement), the higher securement requirements must be complied with in the design and construction of the project. See also Article XXXXXX, RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee, for further general requirements.

3.1.3. General Requirements

3.1.3.1. Calculation of Specified Wind Loads

All membrane roof systems must be secured to resist the Specified Wind Loads for the roof.
Specified Wind Loads for membrane roof Waterproofing Systems should be calculated using the available online Wind-RCI online wind calculator or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior (click here for a sample report), but this work must be undertaken or reviewed by "a registered professional skilled in the work concerned", as required by the British Columbia Building Code, Division C, Part 2, Section 2.2 Administration: Article 2.2.2.2., Structural Design.
When the Wind-RCI calculator is not suitable (as, for example, when a building exceeds 150 feet in height), the Design Authority must refer to the British Columbia Building Code, Division B, Part 4, and to Part 5, for further guidance.
The roof system must be secured according to the requirements for the three principle roof zones.
When a building’s dimensions are "non-conforming" and exceed the parameters of the Wind-RCI calculator,
the Design Authority remains responsible for the proper design of a membrane roof Waterproofing System, regardless of how it will be secured (Refer to the British Columbia Building Code, Div. B, Parts 4 and Part 5 for further guidance).
Roof systems for non-conforming buildings must be engineered for proper securement to withstand Specified Wind Loads, and must incorporate RoofStar-accepted materials.

3.1.3.2. All Membrane Roof Systems

Securement of all roof waterproofing systems shall be based on a three-zone configuration of the roof as illustrated in Figure 3.1.
1. Field (F) – the interior of the roof bounded by the Edge and the Corners.
2. Edge (E) – defined as 10% of the building width or 40% of the building height, whichever is less. In no case will the Edge zone be less than 2.0 m (7').
3. Corner (C) – part of the perimeter but not less than 2.0 m x 2.0 m (7’ x7’) in size. The Corner area is defined by the Edge in both directions at the corners.
  
  Figure 3.1 (Click to expand)
A Conventionally Insulated Systems, and a Modified Protected Membrane Roof System, constructed on a bare roof deck (new construction and replacement roofing) must be secured using
1. a Tested Assembly (see 3.3.3.1.1 Tested Assemblies).
2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance (see 3.3.1.2 Roof Assemblies with Proven Past Performance).
3. engineered methods and patterns (see 3.3.1.3; also refer to the British Columbia Building Code, Division B, Part 4 and Part 5 together with the ANSI/SPRI WD-1 methodology referenced in the British Columbia Building Code, Division B, Part 5, Notes to Part 5, A-5.2.2.2.(4).
The wind uplift resistance capabilities of the selected roof system must equal or exceed the Specified Wind Loads.
A roof consisting of a single elevation, divided into smaller roof areas by means of control joints (roof dividers) or expansion joints, shall be considered one roof area for the purpose of calculating the Specified Wind Loads.
When a building is designed with multiple roof levels,
1. the Specified Wind Load for each roof area must be calculated separately, unless the roofs are adjacent each other and the elevation difference between roof areas is less than 1.52 m (5’).
2. each roof area must be designed with Edge (E) zones on all sides, and Corner (C) zones at each outside and inside corner, irrespective of the elevation difference between the roofs.
  
  Figure 3.2 (Click to expand)
When a roof includes an inside corner, the Corner zones must extend along each adjacent side of the roof a distance equal in dimensions to outside corners (Figure 3.2).
When a roof area intersects the corner of a wall, the Edge zone on either side of the wall corner must be treated as a roof Corner (2 x C) (Figure 3.2).
When an existing roof system is specified for partial replacement, the Design Authority must
1. calculate the Specified Wind Loads for the roof.
2. determine whether or not securement of the remaining roof components (left in situ) is sufficient to resist the Specified Wind Loads.
3. determine a suitable method of securement or have the system of securement engineered.
4. calculate and design securement for any overburden.

See Figure 3.3 for an illustration of this process.

See also 1.4.2 Replacement Roofing, 3.3.3 Partial Roof Replacements and Part 14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM.

Roof systems should be designed in conjunction with the electrical systems for the building, to avoid unnecessary interference with roof system securement. Placement of cables and boxes in designated trays, suspended at least 38 mm (1 ½”) below a penetrable supporting deck, is strongly recommended in order to avoid contact with roofing fasteners; fastener penetration may result in shock or fire hazard. Steel plates should not be used to shield conduit and boxes on top of or immediately beneath a penetrable deck, because the plates will interfere with fastener placement and proper securement of the roof system. See also 2.1.9 Electrical Cables and Boxes.
Securement of Water-shedding Systems shall be made in accordance with the requirements set out elsewhere in this Manual.
Figure 3.3 (Click to expand)

3.1.4. Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems

3.1.4.1. Requirements for All Systems

New and fully replaced Conventionally Insulated Systems must be designed to secure the new roof system to the building structure using
1. a Tested Assembly,
2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or
3. an assembly with custom-engineered securement.

3.1.4.2. Specifying a Tested Assembly

(See Note A-3.1.4.2.)

Only Tested Assemblies that have been tested by qualified facilities wholly independent of roof system manufacturers will be regarded by the RoofStar Guarantee Program as legitimate (see here for a list of qualified testing agencies).
The Design Authority is strongly encouraged to specify the application of a Tested Assembly, for any design of a new or fully replaced membrane roof waterproofing system.
The Design Authority must use only the test observation readings that have been adjusted for the Safety Factor.
Tested Assembly observation readings, reduced by the Safety Factor, must equal or exceed the highest Specified Wind Loads for the roof. This adjusted value is called the Dynamic Uplift Resistance (DUR).
When a Tested Assembly report indicates only one system of securement, that system shall be applied to all roof zones.

**Figure 3.4** (Click to expand)

3.1.4.3. Specifying an Assembly with Proven Past Performance

A roof Assembly with Proven Past Performance is a conventionally insulated system installed on a specific supporting deck that utilizes materials acceptable for the RoofStar Guarantee Program, and which has demonstrated a proven track record of wind uplift resistance
1. for at least as long as the expected life of the new roof system, and
2. for buildings, and in conditions, that are reasonably representative of the project the roof system will be specified for.
Roof assemblies with Proven Past Performance
1. are an acceptable alternative to a Tested Assembly when
  1. a Tested Assembly cannot be used,
  2. material components in a Tested Assembly are not accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program, and the Tested Assembly offers no suitable alternates, or
  3. a Tested Assembly is not available because
    1. a material or system has not been tested, or
    2. the Specified Wind Loads exceed the capacity of an available or suitable Tested Assembly.
2. may be used for partial roof replacement.
Assemblies with Proven Past Performance must be
1. designed to exceed the Specified Wind Loads for the roof, and
2. supported with a signed letter of assurance, issued by the Design Authority or the manufacturer of the Assembly with Proven Past Performance, that it will perform as required.
Approvals issued by FM Global or another underwriter, for roof systems capable of resisting the Specified Wind Load of the project, may be given consideration by the RoofStar Guarantee Program, but must be delivered to the Guarantor for review and written acceptance, along with a letter of assurance from the Design Authority or the manufacturer.

3.1.4.4. Specifying a Custom-engineered Securement Design

When, for various reasons, a system of securement cannot be designed using either a Tested Assembly or an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, the Design Authority must have the securement system designed by a qualified engineer following the requirements in The British Columbia Building Code, Division C, Part 2, Section 2.2 Administration: Article 2.2.1.2 Structural Design.

3.1.5. Ballasted Roof Systems

3.1.5.1. Securement of Ballasted Roof Systems

(Note: the reader must consult the Design and Application requirements for Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems in Part 9).

Roof systems secured with gravel ballast, pavers or both must be designed to resist Specified Wind Loads, regardless of any overburden the design may call for.
Ballasted loose-laid membrane roof systems, and systems designed as PMRAs or MPMRAs that utilize gravel ballast, must be designed for adequate securement by
1. calculating the Specified Wind Loads for the roof assembly.
2. selecting the appropriate ballast using
  1. the RGC ballast guide (see 3.3.2 Ballasted Roof Systems, and 12.1 Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems),
  2. the Dupont Tech Solutions 508.2 Ballast Design Guide for PMR Systems, or
  3. a custom-engineered system.
When pavers are selected as ballast for a Protected or Modified Protected Membrane Roof System, the Design Authority is responsible for determining the support and placement of pavers to resist wind uplift.
Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems must be designed for wind resistance following the requirements for Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems and Conventionally Insulated Systems.
The Design Authority is responsible for determining the proper securement of any overburden intended for placement on top of the roof platform. For design, material and installation standards pertaining to roofs as platforms, refer in this Manual to Part 14 The ROOF as a PLATFORM.
To facilitate resistance to Specified Wind Loads,
1. a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast,
2. a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast, and
3. gravel ballast for a Protected Membrane Roof System must conform to the requirements in Table 3.2, unless exceeded by the specified design and the calculated Specified Wind Loads.

gravel ballast for a Protected Membrane Roof System must conform to

the minimum requirements in Table 3.2, subject to the calculations for wind uplift resistance, or
the appropriate design derived from Dupont Tech Solutions 508.2 Ballast Design Guide for PMR Systems.

Table 3.2 RGC Ballast Guide
XPS Insulation Thickness	Stone Ballast Required Weight	Ballast Depth (approximate)
Up to 50 mm (2")	60 Kg/M² (12 lb./sf)	40 mm (1 ¾")
75 mm (3")	8r Kg/M² (17 lb./sf)	60 mm (2 ¼")
100 mm (4")	108 Kg/M² (22 lb./sf)	75 mm (3")
125 mm (5")	132 Kg/M² (27 lb./sf)	90 mm (3 ½")
150 mm (6")	156 Kg/M² (32 lb./sf)	105 mm (4 ¼")
175 mm (7")	180 Kg/M² (37 lb./sf)	125 mm (5")
200 mm (8")	204 Kg/M² (42 lb./sf)	140 mm (5 ½")

On roofs specified to utilize gravel ballast, no fewer than two parallel rows of pavers should be considered for Corner and Edge zones, to prevent or reduce wind scouring of the gravel. Pavers should be secured together when specified by the Dupont Ballast Design Guide.
Loose-laid membranes held in place with gravel ballast must be secured with gravel ballast having sufficient size and weight to resist wind uplift, but shall in any event meet the following minimum requirements:
1. Coverage: 60 kg/sq. m (12 lb/ft²).
2. Ballast size: nominal ¾" to 1½" (19.0 mm to 38.1 mm) diameter stone meeting ASTM D 448 size #4 using ASTM C-136.

See also 9.3.4 Loose-laid Ballasted Membranes.

3.1.6. Roof Systems Supporting Overburden

3.1.6.1. General Securement Requirements

Overburden must be secured against displacement by Specified Wind Loads.
Conventionally Insulated Systems that support any type of overburden must be treated like an uncovered roof, and secured according to the methods provided for in Subsection XXXXXX
When a Vegetated Roof System is specified as overburden on a conventionally insulated system, refer to the requirements in Article XXXXXX and Article XXXXXX.

3.1.6.2. Vegetated Roof Systems

The Design Authority must calculate the Specified Wind Loads for the Vegetated Roof Systems (VRS), and the dimensions of the roof zones, using the WIND-VRA online calculator tool or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior (Note that this online resource applies only to buildings described on the Wind-RCI website as "low rise" and of moderate height (limited to 20 m or 65 feet) with a roof Waterproofing System).
Designing appropriate securement of a VRS on roofs taller than 20 m (65') or with slopes greater than 2:12 must be undertaken by a licensed design professional using current wind engineering practices, and must be acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
Securement methods and details of a VRS, regardless of building height and roof slope, are the responsibility of the Design Authority.
VRSs that are not modular, and VRSs on buildings that do not conform to the parameter of the Wind-VRA calculator, must be engineered to resist Specified Wind Loads.

3.1.7. Alterations

3.1.7.1. Complete Roof System Replacement

Complete roof system replacement projects must be designed to secure the new roof system against displacement by Specified Wind Loads, and must follow the design requirements for the type of roof system.

3.1.7.2. Partial Roof System Replacement

Partial roof replacements must be secured against Specified Wind Loads in keeping with the requirements in Article 3.3.5.1 (See also Article 3.1.1.5).
When specifying securement for a partial roof replacement, mechanical fastening, when practicable, is the recommended method for securing new materials to an existing roof system. All other methods of securement must be designed and specified by the Design Authority.
See also 1.4.2 Replacement Roofing.

Section 3.2. Materials

3.2.1. Material Properties

3.2.1.1. Substituting Materials Used in a Tested Assembly

(See Note A-3.2.1.1)

When a manufacturer's Tested Assembly incorporates materials (and listed alternates) that are not part of the RoofStar Guarantee Program, the Design Authority must identify appropriate substitutions for those materials from the list of RoofStar-accepted Materials and consult the manufacturer concerning compatibility with the Tested Assembly.
All material substitutions, regardless of the reason for the substitution, must be supported in writing by a registered professional qualified to perform the work in Part 4 of the Code (ref. Article 2.2.1.2 Structural Design; British Columbia Building Code, Division C, Part 2 Administrative Provisions, Section 2.2 Administration).
Any material substitution should be limited to one (1) material component from the Tested Assembly, but the substitution of more than one material component is permissible provided the substitution complies with the other requirements in this Article.
Any material substitution should be made in keeping with the decision process flows for MARS, PARS and AARS assemblies published in CSA Standard A123.21 Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems (latest edition), Annex F.
Because of its nature, a roof Assembly with Proven Past Performance does not qualify for material substitution.

3.2.2. Securement Materials

3.2.2.1. Fasteners

The minimum requirements in this Article apply to any roof system, regardless of requirements published elsewhere.
Fasteners and adhesives must be capable of securing the roof system components to resist Specified Wind Loads.
The Design Authority should specify the correct type of fastener, keeping in mind
1. pull-out strength.
2. corrosion resistance (contributing factors to fastener corrosion may include dissimilar metal contact, excessive building humidity, corrosive chemicals within components of the roof system, or corrosive elements provided within the building envelope etc.).

Unless otherwise listed in the system components of a Tested Assembly, self-drilling screws with recessed heads must be used in combination with plates as follows:

Table 3.1 Minimum Fastener and Plate Requirements
Material	Fastener Size	Plate
Deck overlays	#12	73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
Insulation	#12	73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
Insulation Overlays	#12	73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
Membranes	#14	Proprietary

3.2.2.2. Adhesives

Adhesives listed in a selected Tested Assembly must be used to secure applicable layers within the roof system. Adhesives may be substituted only with products listed in the Tested Assembly report.
In the absence of a Tested Assembly, or for adhered and partially adhered Assemblies with Proven Past Performance, adhesives must be acceptable to the manufacturers of the roof assembly components.
Bitumen used as a hot-applied adhesive must be Type 3 or SEBS.

3.2.2.3. Gravel Ballast

Gravel ballast used to secure a Protected Membrane Roof Assembly (or Modified PMRA) assembly must be clean, washed, round or crushed stone, falling within the following gradations:
1. 35 mm (1 ½") - 100 % Passing
2. 25 mm (1") 70 - 100 % Passing
3. 20 mm (¾") 5 - 20 % Passing
4. 12.7 mm (½") 0 - 6 % Passing
5. 5 mm (3/16") 0 - 2 % Passing
The minimum requirements in this Article must not be reduced except by a written variance that shall be endorsed in writing by the owner or the owner's representative, and submitted to the RoofStar Guarantee Program as part of the Guarantee record.

Section 3.3. Application

3.3.1. Reserved

3.3.2. Special Requirements

3.3.2.1. Enhanced Securement

Where a RoofStar 15-year (Roof Waterproofing) Guarantee is specified, and enhanced roof system securement is required by the Design Authority pursuant to Article 3.1.3.2, the roof must be secured using the higher securement requirements.

3.3.3. General Requirements

3.3.3.1. Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems

New and fully replaced Conventionally Insulated Systems must be secured to the building structure using
1. a Tested Assembly,
2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or
3. an assembly with custom-engineered securement.

3.3.3.2. Securing Systems with Mechanical Fasteners

Unless otherwise specified by a Tested Assembly, an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or a custom-engineered assembly, the minimum number of fasteners must conform to the requirements in Table 3.3:
1. Fasteners must be installed no more than 150 mm (6”) from panel corners, measured from each edge of the panel.
2. Fasteners used to secure boards from curling, or to secure boards at slope transitions, shall be in addition to the minimum number of fasteners and plates required by the patterns shown in Table 3.4.
When mechanically attached membranes are installed together with new insulation, the insulation assembly (with or without an insulation overlay) must be held in place independently from the membrane, with no fewer than four (4) fasteners per panel.
Mechanical fasteners must penetrate
1. through the bottom surface of
  1. steel decks at least 20 mm (3/4") – fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only.
  2. plywood sheathing by at least 19 mm (3/4").
2. into solid dimensional lumber or concrete by at least 25 mm (1").
See Figure 3.5.

Figure 3.5 (Click to expand) - These requirements may be exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements.

Table 3.3 RGC Mechanical Fastening (minimum requirements)
Material Dimensions	Roof Zone
Material Dimensions	Field	Perimeter	Corner
1200mm x 2400mm (4’ x 8’)
Deck Overlay supporting mechanically attached materials	4	4	4
Insulation or Insulation Overlay supporting mechanically attached materials	4	4	4
Insulation	8	12	15
Insulation Overlays	8	12	15

1200mm x 1800mm (4’ x 6’)
Insulation	6	8	12

1200mm x 1200mm (4’ x 4’)
Insulation	5	6	8

900mm x 100mm (3’ x 4’)
Insulation	4	6	7

600mm x 2400mm (2’ x 8’)
Insulation	5	6	8

600mm x 1200mm (2’ x 4’)
Insulation	4	4	5

Table 3.4 RGC Fastener pattern requirements for full-sized panels (Click on drawing to expand)
1200mm x 2400mm (4’ x 8’)
Field	Perimeter	Corner
4 Fasteners	4 Fasteners	4 Fasteners
Field	Perimeter	Corner
8 Fasteners	12 Fasteners	15 Fasteners

1200mm x 1200mm (4’ x 4’)
Field	Perimeter	Corner
5 Fasteners	6 Fasteners	8 Fasteners

Table 3.5 RGC Fastener pattern requirements for partial panels (Click on drawing to expand)
1200mm x 1800mm (4’ x 6’)
Field	Perimeter	Corner
6 Fasteners	8 Fasteners	12 Fasteners
900mm x 1200mm (3’ x 4’)
Field	Perimeter	Corner
4 Fasteners	6 Fasteners	7 Fasteners
600mm x 2400mm (2’ x 8’)
Field	Perimeter	Corner
5 Fasteners	6 Fasteners	8 Fasteners
600mm x 1200mm (2’ x 4’)
Field	Perimeter	Corner
4 Fasteners	4 Fasteners	5 Fasteners

NOTE: Fastener locations are for optimum uplift resistance. Fasteners may be located within 50 mm (2") of position shown in diagrams in any direction.

3.3.3.3. Securing Systems with Adhesives

Adhesives may be used to secure new roofing materials to an existing roof system, provided the specific application procedures and methods are engineered by or for the Design Authority.
Notwithstanding the above, the minimum requirements set out in 7.3.2.4 apply.

3.3.3.4. Securement of Ballasted Roof Systems

(Note: the reader must consult the Design and Application requirements for Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems in Part 9).

Roof systems secured with gravel ballast, pavers or both must be designed to resist Specified Wind Loads, regardless of any overburden the design may call for.
To facilitate resistance to Specified Wind Loads,
1. a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast,
2. a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast, and
3. gravel ballast for a Protected Membrane Roof System must conform to the requirements in Table 3.2, unless exceeded by the specified design and the calculated Specified Wind Loads.

gravel ballast for a Protected Membrane Roof System must conform to

the minimum requirements in Table 3.2, subject to the calculations for wind uplift resistance, or
the appropriate design derived from Dupont Tech Solutions 508.2 Ballast Design Guide for PMR Systems.

Table 3.2 RGC Ballast Guide
XPS Insulation Thickness	Stone Ballast Required Weight	Ballast Depth (approximate)
Up to 50 mm (2")	60 Kg/M² (12 lb./sf)	40 mm (1 ¾")
75 mm (3")	8r Kg/M² (17 lb./sf)	60 mm (2 ¼")
100 mm (4")	108 Kg/M² (22 lb./sf)	75 mm (3")
125 mm (5")	132 Kg/M² (27 lb./sf)	90 mm (3 ½")
150 mm (6")	156 Kg/M² (32 lb./sf)	105 mm (4 ¼")
175 mm (7")	180 Kg/M² (37 lb./sf)	125 mm (5")
200 mm (8")	204 Kg/M² (42 lb./sf)	140 mm (5 ½")

On roofs specified to utilize gravel ballast, no fewer than two parallel rows of pavers should be considered for Corner and Edge zones, to prevent or reduce wind scouring of the gravel. Pavers should be secured together when specified by the Dupont Ballast Design Guide.
Loose-laid membranes held in place with gravel ballast must be secured with gravel ballast having sufficient size and weight to resist wind uplift, but shall in any event meet the following minimum requirements:
1. Coverage: 60 kg/sq. m (12 lb/ft²).
2. Ballast size: nominal ¾" to 1½" (19.0 mm to 38.1 mm) diameter stone meeting ASTM D 448 size #4 using ASTM C-136.

See also Part 9 for ballasted membrane requirements.

3.3.3.5. Securement of Roofs with Overburden

Any supported overburden must be installed in keeping with the designed securement methods and systems specified by the Design Authority.

3.3.3.6. Securing Vegetated Roof Systems

Vegetated Roof Systems (VRSs), howsoever they are constructed, must be secured according to the methods specified by the Design Authority.
In addition to the requirements specified by the Design Authority, a Vegetated Roof System must be secured in keeping with the requirements in Part 14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM.

3.3.4. Alterations

3.3.4.1. Complete Roof System Replacement

Roof systems that are removed and replaced in their entirety (excluding the air or vapour controls, which may be left in place at the discretion of the Design Authority) must be secured following the requirements for new roof systems.

3.3.4.2. Partial Roof Replacement

When only a portion of an existing roof system is specified for replacement, the new materials must be secured to resist wind Specified Wind Loads. See also 1.4.2 Replacement Roofing.
Mechanical fastening is the most reliable method for securing new materials installed over an existing roof assembly. When mechanical fastening is not practicable, the system of securement must conform to one of the following options:
A custom-engineered design.
A system design with Proven Past Performance (accompanied by a letter of assurance; see the requirements under 3.3.4.2 Assembly with Proven Past Performance).

Part 4 - Materials

Section 4.1. Design

4.1.1. General

4.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

4.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Primary Material means a roofing, waterproofing or water-shedding material which is directly exposed to the weather and which is primarily responsible for protecting secondary materials, and the building interior, from water and weather generally. Membranes, metal panels or shingles form the core of this material type.
2. Secondary Material means one which forms part of a waterproofing system or water-shedding system and which may affect the wind resistance characteristics of the entire assembly but is not necessarily exposed to the weather.

4.1.3. Reserved

4.1.4. Reserved

Section 4.2. Materials

4.2.1. Material Properties

4.2.1.1. Use of Accepted Materials

All roofing components installed by the Contractor must be
1. new
2. accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program.
3. manufactured by, or listed as acceptable to, the manufacturer of the primary Waterproofing System or Water-shedding System material.
A list of all Accepted Materials is published in this Manual (see link above).
Also see 1.6 (2) RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations for restrictions and limitations on any roofing material, linear metal flashing, penetration flashing or drain used on a project designed and constructed to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee.
All materials must be protected from weather, properly stacked and secured above ground or the roof surface and covered by wrappers approved or recommended by the manufacturer.
All installed roofing materials that are susceptible to moisture damage must be made watertight by the end of each workday.
Metals and fasteners must be compatible with each other, to avoid galvanic corrosion which can occur when dissimilar metals come in contact with each other.

Section 4.3. Application

4.3.1. Reserved

4.3.2. General Requirements

4.3.2.1. Application of New Materials

All new materials installed as part of the roof system shall conform to the manufacturer's published requirements, unless stated otherwise in this Standard.

Part 5 - Deck and Wall Overlays

Section 5.1. Design

5.1.1. General

5.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

5.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary.

5.1.2. Reserved

5.1.3. General Requirements

5.1.3.1. Required Use of Overlays

(See Note A-5.1.3.1.)

When a supporting deck structure or wall is unsuitable for the application of roofing materials, it must be covered with a RoofStar-accepted overlay. See 2.1 (3) for supporting deck and wall surface requirements.
When a roof design includes any type of overburden, the deck overlay on steel decks, or on wood decks less than 25 mm (1”) thick, should be at least 16 mm (5/8”) thick, in order to stiffen the supporting surface and reduce deck deflection.

Section 5.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

5.2.1. Material Properties

5.2.1.1. Suitability of Overlays

Deck and wall overlays must be suitable for, and compatible with, any membrane or panel application. Plywood, measuring at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) in thickness, is acceptable as a deck or wall overlay; for roofs supporting an overburden, the plywood must be at least 16 mm (5/8”) thick.
Self-adhering or adhesive-applied materials should be considered as alternatives to torch-applied membranes when the substrate to which they will be applied is combustible, or when nearby structures, openings or materials present a fire hazard. In the alternative, a suitable separation or overlay material as protection from open flame is acceptable. The application of materials to a combustible surface, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.

5.2.1.2. Thermal Barrier

When the Code having jurisdiction requires a thermal barrier, an accepted deck overlay that is suitable for the purpose must be specified and installed.

5.2.1.3. Overlays for Walls

Walls that require resurfacing for membrane application must be covered with an accepted wall overlay. See Accepted Wall Overlays in Division C.
Fasteners used to secure deck overlays must be corrosion-resistant or resin-coated, and must be used together with plates when specified or listed in a Tested Assembly report.
Concrete surfaces must comply with the requirements set out in Article 2.1.5.2. When concrete surfaces do not comply, concrete walls may be overlaid with either
1. 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick treated plywood, or
2. fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜").
Both materials must also conform to ASTM C1325-04.

Section 5.3. Application

5.3.1. Reserved

5.3.2. Reserved

5.3.3. General Requirements

5.3.3.1. Support, Arrangement, and Securement of Deck Overlays

Deck overlays must be
1. fully or intermittently supported along all edges by the deck.
2. installed in a staggered pattern (offset) 300 mm (12") from adjacent board rows. A minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum will be permitted to compensate for variance in the manufacturer's tolerance of differing board widths and lengths.
3. affixed to the deck with either or both
  1. mechanical fasteners.
  2. proprietary polyurethane foam adhesives acceptable to the primary roof system manufacturer to meet or exceed the requirements set out in Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY.
4. independently fastened to the deck with
  1. at least four (4) fasteners (with plates) per 1200 x 2400 (4’x8’) sheet, or
  2. as required by a Tested Assembly, when part of a PARS or MARS Conventionally Insulated System.

5.3.3.2. Overlays on Steel Decks

RoofStar-accepted deck overlay boards used as a thermal barrier to achieve a specific fire rating must conform to the applicable code and insurance requirements for the roof system.
When the roof system is uninsulated, the deck must be overlaid with at least one 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick layer of
1. moisture resistant gypsum core deck overlay board, or
2. plywood.

5.3.3.3. Overlays on Concrete Decks

A deck overlay board is not mandatory on a concrete supporting deck.

5.3.3.4. Overlays on Wood Decks

A mechanically fastened overlay board is required for any deck structure that does not meet the deck fastening criteria set out in 2.3.3.3 Wood.
Regardless of the type of deck overlay selected by the Design Authority, the overlay boards shall be installed in a staggered pattern (offset) 300 mm (12") from adjacent board rows. A minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum will be permitted to compensate for variance in the manufacturer's tolerance of differing board widths and lengths.
Adhering a primary roof membrane directly to a wood deck is not acceptable.
Notwithstanding Sentence 3 above, a self-adhered air or vapour control layer may be applied to a supporting wood deck.
Mechanically fastened or loose-laid membranes applied directly to a supporting wood deck structure do not require a deck overlay board unless specified by the membrane manufacturer.

5.3.3.5. Support, Arrangement, and Securement of Wall Overlays

Where the wall surface is unsuitable to receive a membrane, it must be covered with an accepted overlay panel material (refer to Division C: Accepted Materials in this Manual).
Wall overlay panels must be
1. mechanically fastened with screw fasteners spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C. vertically and horizontally, in alignment with structural supports, and placed
  1. at the perimeters,
  2. at the corners, and
  3. in the field.
2. adhered with a polyurethane adhesive, applied with a continuous z-patterned ribbon spaced no less than 300 mm (12”) apart.

Part 6 - Air and Vapour Controls

Section 6.1. Design

6.1.1 General

6.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual. See also Note A-6.1.1.1.

6.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary.

6.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

6.1.2.1. Coverage Under Guarantee and Responsibility for Design

Coverage under the RoofStar Guarantee shall be as described in Article 1.2.1.2, Limitations and Exclusions of Guarantee, of Part 3 in Division A in this Manual.
Notwithstanding coverage provisions in Division A, neither the RoofStar Guarantee Program nor the Contractor will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, the roof system caused by the use or absence of air or vapour control layers.
Air and vapour control layer performance is not part of the RoofStar Guarantee, and air and vapour control materials are not listed in the Accepted Materials Division of this Manual. Therefore, the decision to specify air and vapour control layers, the placement of continuous air and vapour control layers in relation to a roof system and its components, and the selection of suitable materials for that application, is the sole responsibility of the Design Authority. The Design Authority is urged to review and consider the performance characteristics of materials available for such applications.
In some roof assembly designs, the required underlayment may serve as an air control layer, vapour control layer, or both; this is dependent upon the properties of the material to be used, and will be subject to the designer’s modelling of the assembly. Consult the Technical Data Sheets for suitable materials.

6.1.3. General Requirements

6.1.3.1. Continuity Between Building Enclosure Systems

Continuity of the air and vapour control layers from the wall systems and roof systems is essential to the satisfactory performance of either or both. Therefore, proper connection between air and vapour control systems is essential, and the responsibility of both the Design Authority and trades constructing walls and roofs.

6.1.3.2. Use of Air Control Layers

Some air control layers are considered vapour permeable, others vapour-impermeable. The suitability of one over the other, in the application of a roof system, is left to the discernment of the Design Authority. Consequently, the RoofStar Guarantee Program strongly recommends that designers and builders of roof systems intended to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee carefully consider the regulatory design and installation requirements for effective, continuous air control systems.

6.1.3.3. Use of Vapour Control Layers

Because continuous vapour control layers “are not needed within all climate zones and assemblies” (NEC, 2011), they are considered discretionary and must be specified by the Design Authority.
Where continuous vapour control layers are required and specified by Code, the RoofStar Guarantee Program requires that a suitable vapour control system be selected by the Design Authority and properly installed by the Contractor in conformity with the vapour control layer manufacturer’s published instructions, and with the Design Authority’s specified details.

6.1.3.4. High-humidity Building Interiors

Careful consideration should be given to the performance characteristics of air and vapour control layers when specifying such a membrane for roof systems constructed over high-humidity building interiors. These types of building interiors include (but are not limited to)
1. swimming pools,
2. commercial laundry facilities,
3. large aquariums, and
4. paper mills.
Roof systems for facilities such as these, with high-humidity environments, may be susceptible to the accumulation of moisture within the roof system unless effective air and vapour controls are installed.

Section 6.2. Materials

6.2.1. Material Properties

6.2.1.1. Compatibility with Other Materials

The material selected for air and vapour control layers must be compatible with any other materials in the roof or wall assembly to which the control layer may come in contact. This includes, without limitation, contact with primers and adhesives, substrates, solvents and cleaners.

6.2.1.2. Prohibited Materials for RoofStar Guarantee

While responsibility for the selection of suitable air and vapour control layers rests with the Design Authority, a roof designed and built to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee shall not include
1. polyethylene sheet plastic, or
2. bitumen-impregnated kraft paper.

6.2.1.3. Puncture Resistance and Thickness

Regardless of a material's ability to span voids or spaces in the deck, the RoofStar Guarantee Program strongly recommends that any air or vapour control systems be installed over a continuous smooth plane (for example, concrete or plywood). Consequently, a deck overlay board installed on corrugated steel roof decks in highly recommended.
Fully supported air and vapour control layers should possess a minimum published static puncture resistance rating of 150 N (34 lbf) (ref. CGSB-37.56-M for both test method and standard limits) and be either self-adhering or torch-applied; a high puncture resistance is necessary for the membrane to withstand accidental damage during construction.
Where no deck overlay board is installed and the air and vapour control layers are partially unsupported (for example, on a steel deck), the control layers must possess a published static puncture resistance of at least 400 N (90 lbf).
Should the air or vapour control layers be used as a temporary roof during project construction by either the Contractor or by other trades, a minimum 2mm thick bituminous membrane is recommended.

6.2.1.4. Self-adhered and Torch-applied Materials

Self-adhering or adhesive-applied materials should be considered as alternatives to torch-applied membranes when the substrate to which they will be applied is combustible, or when nearby structures, openings or materials present a fire hazard.
A suitable separation or overlay material may be used as protection from open flame is acceptable. The application of materials to a combustible surface, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.

6.2.1.5. Vapour Controls for Concrete Decks

Because curing concrete releases considerable moisture that can compromise the performance of a roof system, a vapour control layer installed on new concrete decks (28 days or older) must be selected to prevent condensation inside the roof system. A membrane with a permeability of 0.01 perms (Class I) is recommended. Nevertheless, the selection of the vapour control material is the responsibility of the Design Authority.

Section 6.3. Application

6.3.1. Reserved

6.3.2. Reserved

6.3.3. General Requirements

6.3.3.1. Continuity and Support

Proper installation and continuity of air and vapour control layers within the roof assembly is the responsibility of the Contractor. Therefore, air and vapour control layers in the roof assembly must
1. extend beyond the end of the roof assembly at least 100 mm (4”), in new construction, to provide sufficient room for the installation of matching control layers to so that they provide a positive (water-shedding) lap seal union between courses of material, and
2. be sealed to matching control layers in the wall assembly, for roof replacement projects.
Installation must be smooth and uniform, without wrinkles or fish-mouths, and must also conform to the manufacturer’s published requirements and the Design Authority’s design details.
All membrane side and end laps must be fully supported, in the field and at transitions with curbs, parapets, walls and penetrations. When self-adhered membranes are applied directly to a steel supporting deck,
1. membranes should be oriented parallel to the direction of deck flutes.
2. membrane laps and changes in plane must be supported by deck flutes, or by flat metal supports secured to the deck to span gaps.
3. Metal supports must be
  1. fabricated from pre-finished steel with a thickness no less than 24 Gauge, and
  2. secured to the deck with no fewer than two (2) compatible screw fasteners per flute.

See Figures 6.3.1-1 and 6.3.1-2.

6.3.3.2. Torch-applied Materials

The application of materials to an unprotected combustible material, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.
All combustible materials MUST be protected from open flame by an acceptable separation or overlay material. This includes, without limitation, combustible materials
1. on decks, walls, blocking, and canted edges, and
2. hidden or obscured within voids, cracks or orifices.
When a torch-applied base membrane is specified over combustible materials, all joints between overlay panels, and at roof-wall transitions, must be sealed with the primary membrane manufacturer’s approved self-adhered membrane or tapes. Alternatively, refer to 10.3.3 Alternative Approaches to Membrane Flashing in the RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS Modified Bitumen Membrane System.

6.3.3.3. Securement on Slopes

**Figure 6.3.1-1** (Click to expand)

**Figure 6.3.1-2** (Click to expand)

Part 7 - Insulation

Section 7.1. Design

7.1.1. General

7.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

7.1.1.2 Definitions.

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Heat-resistant insulation means insulation that resists heat and will not physically or chemically change when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F), including heat from liquefied bitumen. Insulation boards of this type include fibreboard, polyisocyanurate and mineral wool. Note that "heat-resistant" does not mean or even infer 'fire-proof'. While some heat-resistant insulation materials will resist burning for a period of time, only mineral wool insulation will not burn.
2. Heat-sensitive insulation means insulation that may be physically or chemically altered when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F) - for example, heat from a torch or from liquefied bitumen. Heat-sensitive insulation includes EPS, XPS and polyurethane.

7.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

7.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

All curbs and sleepers that impede drainage or are wider or longer than 1200 mm (48”) must incorporate crickets to provide positive slope to drains.

7.1.3. General Requirements

7.1.3.1. Responsibility for Design

(See Note A-7.1.3.1)

The Design Authority is responsible to ensure the design conforms to the Building Code and any other applicable requirements, with respect to
1. the use of a thermal barrier between the roof deck and the insulation system.
2. the minimum required thermal resistance of the insulation system.

7.1.3.2. Effective Thermal Resistance and Layering

(See Note A-7.1.3.2)

Consult the Code having jurisdiction for the minimum required thermal resistance of the roof system.
Insulation assemblies with a cumulative thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) (based on published LTTR values measured at 24°C) must be installed in multiple layers that are offset and staggered (see 7.3 Application).
In a multi-layered assembly, any single layer of insulation may have a thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) provided no one layer exceeds 60% of the cumulative thermal resistance of the combined assembly of insulation and insulation overlay boards.

See Figure 7.1.
Figure 7.1 (Click to expand)

7.1.3.3. Protection of Heat-sensitive Insulation

When heat-sensitive insulation is used in the primary thermal assembly, it must be covered with a heat-resistant insulation at least 50 mm (2”) thick. See also Article 7.1.3.1.

7.1.3.4. Tapered Insulation and Crickets

Tapered insulation
1. may be located anywhere within the roof system (see 2.2 Roof Slopes).
2. may be used in calculating the overall thermal performance of the insulation assembly but this is at the discretion of the Design Authority (See Note A-7.1.3.4).
3. must be installed in multiple soldiered layers when the overall thickness of the tapered insulation assembly is greater than 150 mm (6”).
4. that is heat-sensitive and manufactured to cover the entire roof area (commonly referred to as a full slope or taper package) must be installed beneath at least one layer of flat board heat-resistant insulation with a minimum thickness of 50 mm (2”).
Crickets that are used only to promote drainage over limited areas of the roof (they provide no thermal resistance value to the roof system)
1. should be manufactured of heat-resistant insulation, but when crickets are manufactured from heat-sensitive insulation they should be covered with a layer of heat-resistant insulation at least 50 mm (2") thick.
2. may be installed directly over a roof deck, although this is not recommended. See 8.1.1 Design for overlay requirements.

7.1.3.5. Insulating Drain Sumps

Drain sumps should be adequately insulated for the regional location of the building, regardless of how the average thermal resistance for the roof system is calculated, to minimize condensation (See Article 11.1.3.2).

7.1.3.6. Use of Mineral Fibre Insulation

Mineral fibre insulation panels must be secured according to both the manufacturer’s published instructions and (when applicable) the methods specified in a Tested Assembly report, but in any event their securement must conform to the following RoofStar Guarantee requirements:
1. Only bitumen-coated mineral fibre insulation
  1. may be secured with adhesive or directly secured with screw-type fasteners and plates.
  2. shall be permitted as the top layer of insulation in a multi-layered insulation assembly.
2. Uncoated mineral fibre insulation panels must be used only in multi-layered insulation assemblies, they must be located below coated mineral fibre insulation panels, and they shall be secured only by mechanically fastening (see Figure 7.2(e)).
3. Some roof assemblies that utilize mineral fibre insulation required an overlay. Refer to Part 8 for overlay requirements.

See Figure 7.2 (a through h). Click any one to expand (MF = Mechanically Fastened; AD = Adhered; HYB = Hybrid Securement):

**7.2a** One Layer (AD)

**7.2b** One layer (MF)

**7.2c** Two layers (AD)

**7.2d** Two layers (HYB)

**7.2e** Two layers (MF)

**7.2f** Two layers (AD + Overburden)

**7.2g** Two layers (HYB + Overburden)

**7.2h** Two layers (MF + Overburden)

Section 7.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

7.2.1. Material Properties

7.2.1.1. General

Only insulation boards accepted for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program, and acceptable to the membrane manufacturer, may be used to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee. This requirement extends to insulation used in Tested Assemblies (see Article 3.2.1.1, Substituting Materials Used in a Tested Assembly).
All insulation types shall have a minimum compressive strength of 110 KPa (20 psi) when installed without a cover board under mechanically attached membranes.

7.2.1.2. Material Dimensions

The maximum width and length of any adhered insulation panel shall be 1200 mm (4’) (see also Article 7.3.2.3).
The maximum width and length of insulation boards installed with mechanical fasteners is limited only by the manufacturer.
Insulation installed directly over a fluted steel deck must be thick enough to span the flutes under live loads, without risk of cracking or breakage.
While minimal insulation panel thicknesses are permissible for some designs, the Design Authority should consider the constructability of the roof system from a material handling perspective. Therefore, when materials are by their nature breakable, the specifier should consider specifying a thicker panel.

7.2.2. Suitability of Insulation

7.2.2.1. Polyisocyanurate Insulation

Only polyisocyanurate insulation with non-organic facers (e.g. fibreglass) are acceptable for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program. In addition, manufacturers’ product identification labels are required for all polyisocyanurate insulation packaging and the date of manufacture must be provided on all product labels.
Polyisocyanurate insulation, which is manufactured to various dimensions and board thicknesses, is suitable only for Conventionally Insulated Systems and may be manufactured in sloped packages, for individual crickets or for full roof area application.

7.2.2.2. Mineral Fibre Insulation

Mineral fibre insulation panels, manufactured to various dimensions and board thicknesses is suitable only for conventionally insulated systems (the material also may be manufactured in sloped packages, for individual crickets or for full roof area application).

7.2.2.3. Expanded Polystyrene Insulation

Expanded polystyrene (EPS), manufactured in various flat board dimensions and as fully sloped packages or crickets, is suitable only for conventionally insulated systems.

7.2.2.4. Extruded Polystyrene Insulation

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is a closed-cell material manufactured in various board dimensions, and is mainly used in a Protected Membrane Roof Assembly. Only Extruded polystyrene insulation (conforming to CAN / CGSB-51.20-M87, Type 4) may be used on Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies. Refer to Part 9 and Part 14 for further requirements.

Section 7.3. Application

7.3.1. Reserved

7.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

7.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantees

All curbs and sleepers that impede drainage or are wider or longer than 1200 mm (48”) must incorporate crickets to provide positive slope to drains.
An insulation overlay is required for all insulated systems, regardless of the insulation type, and overlays must
1. be at least 6.4 mm (1/4”) thick.
2. possess a compressive strength of at least 690 kPa (100 psi).

7.3.3. General Requirements

7.3.3.1. Alignment, Sizing, and Support

Insulation boards must be firmly supported.
Insulation boards should be square and should make firm, full contact with adjacent panels. Gaps greater than 6 mm (1/4”) around boards must be filled with expanding spray foam.
Insulation board joints must be offset at least 300 mm (12"), both for adjacent layers and for adjacent rows; a minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum is permissible (see Figure 7.3). Insulation offsets are not required for
1. sloped insulation boards that are generally installed soldiered fashion to adjacent rows.
2. the first layer of overlay board, installed on top of heat-sensitive insulation, which may be soldiered to facilitate joint taping.
See also 8.3.2. General Requirements.

Figure 7.3 (Click to expand)
On exterior insulated walls, insulation joints at the roof-wall interface should be offset and staggered to eliminate thermal bridging. See Figure 7.4.
Figure 7.4 (Click to expand)

7.3.3.2. Insulation Securement

Insulation must be fastened or adhered to resist the Specified Wind Loads calculated for the roof system, and shall conform to the specified design for the roof assembly.

7.3.3.3. Adhesive-applied Insulation

Unless specified otherwise by a Tested Assembly or in an engineered specification (see Article 3.3.3.3, Securing Systems with Adhesives), the following minimum standards apply to adhesive-applied insulation:
1. The maximum width and length of any adhered insulation panel shall be 1200 mm (4’).
2. The maximum length of any insulation overlay panel shall be 2400 mm (8’).
When Extruded Polystyrene insulation is adhered with a two-component low-rise polyurethane foam adhesive, the faces of the insulation board must be roughened by planing to achieve optimal adhesion.
Two-component low-rise polyurethane foam adhesive ribbons must be applied
1. in parallel runs or in a Z-pattern, no more than 150 mm (6”) from any edge of the board and spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) apart.
2. to a clean, dry and contaminant-free surface.
3. in ribbon widths specified by the adhesive manufacturer or, in the absence of manufacturer requirements, 19 mm (3/4”) wide.
Roof system components adhered with two-component low-rise polyurethane foam must be
1. installed immediately in wet adhesive (before a surface skin develops).
2. properly placed and weighted in wet adhesive until cured.

7.3.3.4. Insulation Adhered with Hot Bitumen

Hot bitumen used to adhere a roof system
1. must be applied at minimum rates and temperatures based on the type of product, as published by the material manufacturer and in the Standard for Built-up Roof (BUR) Systems.
2. may be applied on slopes up to 1/2:12 (for steeper slopes, select a different method of securement).

Part 8 - Insulation Overlays

Section 8.1. Design

(See Note A-8.1)

8.1.1. General

8.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

8.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary.

8.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

8.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

An insulation overlay is required for all insulated systems, regardless of the insulation type, and overlays must
1. be at least 6.4 mm (1/4”) thick, and
2. possess a compressive strength of at least 690 kPa (100 psi).

8.1.3. General Requirements

8.1.3.1. Use Over Sensitive Materials and Systems

Notwithstanding the requirements in Part 7 concerning heat-sensitive insulation, an insulation overlay of one or more layers is required over all flat and sloped board-type insulation, and on insulation installed on vertical surfaces,
1. if the compressive strength of the insulation is less than 110 KPa (20 psi),
2. if the membrane is self-adhered or will be applied with a torch flame, adhesives or hot bitumen, or
3. if a Conventionally Insulated System supports an overburden; these roof systems must be designed with at least one layer of adhered overlay (asphaltic overlays, moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core overlays, high-density insulation overlays, composite or membrane-laminated overlays) capable of supporting any superimposed loads on the exposed membrane, without compression or distortion of the roof system or any one of its components (see also Part 14, 14.1.2.1 (5)).
The requirement to use an insulation overlay does not apply to the field application of
1. self-adhered membranes
  1. expressly accepted by the Guarantor for application directly on specific insulation types without the use of an overlay, or
  2. expressly approved (in published literature) by the manufacturer for application directly on an insulation panel.
Heat-sensitive crickets used in membrane systems applied with a torch flame or hot bitumen must be overlaid using either
1. one layer of panels,
  1. at least 12.5 mm (1/2”) thick,
  2. offset from insulation joints by at least 300 mm (12”), and
  3. continuously sealed with a flame-impervious tape along all joints with adjacent panels, or
2. two layers of panels,
  1. each at least 4.8 mm (3/16”) thick, and
  2. offset from each other, from the adjacent layer, and from insulation joints by at least 300 mm (12”).

8.1.3.2. Use Over Mineral Fibre Insulation

An insulation overlay is not required when torch-applied membranes are installed directly on mineral fibre insulation treated with a thermofusible bitumen top surface (This exception is subject to the requirements for mineral wool insulation published in Part 7 INSULATION).
When an overlay board is required over mineral wool insulation, the overlay board must be a moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core board measuring at least 12.7 mm (1/2") thick (See also 7.2 Materials concerning mineral wool insulation).

Section 8.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

8.2.1. Material Properties

8.2.1.1. Insulation Overlay Dimensions

Regardless of the type of insulation overlay, the overall thickness of insulation overlay boards shall not exceed 50 mm (2”) (See minimum allowable thicknesses are shown in Table 8.1).
Asphalt-coated fibreboard roof insulation adhered with hot asphalt or an asphalt-based adhesive must be asphalt-coated on the top and bottom surface (Minimum coated two-sides).
Fire guard tape must be 150 mm (6”) wide
1. self-adhering modified bituminous tape acceptable to the membrane manufacturer, or
2. Type IV fibreglass felt or No. 15 organic felt, applied with hot bitumen or cold adhesive.

Table 8.1 Insulation Overlay Minimum Thicknesses
Overlay Type	Minimum Thickness - mm (in.)
Asphaltic core	4.8 (3/16")
Moisture resistant fibreglass-faced silicon treated gypsum core	6.4 (1/4")
High-density insulation	12.7 (1/2")
Membrane-laminated overlays and Composites	As listed in this Manual
Fibreboard	As listed in this Manual
Mineral wool	As listed in this Manual

Section 8.3. Application

8.3.1. Reserved

8.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

8.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

An insulation overlay must be installed in all insulated systems, regardless of the insulation type.
Insulation overlays must
1. be at least 6.4 mm (1/4”) thick, and
2. possess a compressive strength of at least 690 kPa (100 psi).

8.3.3. General Requirements

8.3.3.1. Alignment of Overlays

See the Design requirements in Section 1 of this Part.
Fibreboard shall not be used as an insulation overlay beneath torch-applied membranes.
Insulation overlays
1. should be square and should make firm, full contact with adjacent panels unless specified otherwise by the manufacturer, and
2. must be offset at least 300 mm (12") from the joints of the insulation layer; a minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum is permissible.
When multiple layers of an insulation overlay are specified, the joints between boards must be offset/staggered at least 300 mm (12") from adjacent layers and rows (See Figure 8.1. See also Part 7 INSULATION.

Figure 8.1 (Click to expand)

8.3.3.2. Mechanical Securement

When mechanically attaching insulation overlay boards, the insulation and overlay boards may be fastened together as one assembly.
Unless otherwise indicated by the system requirements in a Tested Assembly, follow the fastener patterns set out in Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY.
When a membrane-laminated overlay is mechanically fastened over insulation, fasteners and plates used in the field of each panel must be covered with torch-applied polyester or composite-reinforced membrane patches that extend past the edge of each plate at least 50 mm (2”).

8.3.3.3. Adhered Securement

Adhered overlays must conform to the Design requirements in Section 1 of this Part.
Roof system components adhered with two-component low-rise polyurethane foam must be
1. installed immediately in wet adhesive (before a surface skin develops), applied
  1. in parallel runs or in a Z-pattern, no more than 150 mm (6”) from any edge of the board and spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) apart,
  2. to a clean, dry and contaminant-free surface, and
  3. in ribbon widths specified by the adhesive manufacturer or, in the absence of manufacturer requirements, 19 mm (3/4”) wide.
2. properly placed and weighted in wet adhesive until cured.
Hot bitumen used to adhere a roof assembly
1. must be applied at minimum rates and temperatures based on the type of product, as published by the material manufacturer and in the RoofStar Guarantee Standards for Built-up Roof (BUR) Systems, and
2. may be applied on slopes up to 1/2:12 (for steeper slopes, select a different method of securement).

Part 9 - Field Membrane Systems

Section 9.1. Design

(See Note A-9.1)

9.1.1. General

9.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

9.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Parallel to Slope means the direction parallel to the angle of a sloped plane.

9.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

9.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Only membranes conforming to the RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee criteria in Table 9.1 qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee.

9.1.3. General Requirements

9.1.3.1. System Design

Any roof areas with a slope less than 1:16 (3/4" in 12") require 2 ply membrane assemblies.
All SBS-modified bituminous membrane roofs shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of the Code and the requirements in Part 3 of this Standard.
The specifications, details, and installation techniques must conform to the membrane manufacturer's requirements.
Select a membrane for its
1. composition, both in terms of thickness and reinforcement,
2. performance characteristics in relation to the intended use of the roof, as for example puncture resistance or reflectivity and reduced heat absorption,
3. application methodology, which may be limited by the type of supporting deck or substrate to which it will be applied, and
4. seasonal applications (summer and winter grades).
Single ply modified bituminous membranes require a minimum slope of 1:16 (3/4” in 12”).

9.1.3.2. System Securement

(See Note A-9.3.2)

The requirements in this Article shall be read together with the requirements in Part 3 of this Standard.
When the designed slope of the roof exceeds 1:6 (2” in 12”), and either or both membranes are self-adhered, the head-lap of a full or partial membrane run, installed parallel to the slope, must be secured with at least three (3) mechanical fasteners and plates equally spaced across its width. When the membrane is specified to run perpendicular to the slope, the up-slope seam must be mechanically fastened with screws and plates no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C.
A nailed base membrane, to which a cap membrane is torch-applied, does not qualify as part of a 2-ply membrane. Only base membranes designed for in-seam screw-type fasteners and covered with a fully torch-applied cap membrane may qualify.
Primary roof membranes may not be directly adhered to a wood deck.
When the roof slope exceeds 1:24 (1/2” in 12”), only cap membranes installed by methods other than with hot bitumen may be specified.
Any roof areas less than 1:16 (¾" in 12") require 2 ply membrane assemblies. Single-ply SBS-modified bituminous membranes may be used only when the roof slope is greater than 1:16 (¾” in 12”), and may be adhered, self-adhered, mechanically fastened, or torch-applied to the substrate for which they are designed and specified. See 9.3 Application below for specific RoofStar Guarantee requirements for single-ply SBS-modified bituminous membranes.

9.1.3.3. Membrane Protection

Installed membranes must be protected from damage caused by work performed concurrently or subsequently by other trades. The Design Authority is strongly urged to direct the work of other trades through specific, explicit directives in the design specifications.
Membranes must be protected from chemicals or other contaminants that may adversely impact the roof membrane or other system components (for example, specifying a grease guard or a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane coating). Consult the membrane manufacturer for their advice and recommendations. Contaminants may include, without limitation,
1. animal or vegetable grease.
2. hot pipes (release valves).
3. petroleum products or bi-products.
4. miscellaneous fluids from equipment, detrimental to the membrane.
Also refer to Article 12.3.2.5 for application of reinforced liquid membrane flashing around roof penetrations.
Membranes should be protected from the following contaminants:
1. pool or garden chemicals and fertilizers.
2. pet urine.
3. bird excrement.
4. refrigerants.

9.1.3.4. Conventionally Insulated Systems

All conventionally insulated SBS-modified bituminous membrane roofs shall meet the requirements of the Code and the requirements in Part 3 of this Standard, and shall be (when applicable)
1. a Tested Assembly.
2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance.
3. an assembly with custom-engineered securement.
When a conventionally insulated system will be accessed at least once per month for maintenance of serviceable equipment, the design must incorporate designated walkways
1. to protect the primary membrane at roof access points, equipment service locations and along travel routes.
2. that facilitate drainage and drying (pedestals and other paver supports provide airflow for drying surfaces and assist in leveling; they should not impede the flow of water or air and should uniformly distribute the dead load of pavers and predicted live loads).
3. that are properly secured against movement by wind.
4. that may be constructed with
  1. accepted concrete-topped XPS insulation panels.
  2. pavers placed on
    1. purpose-made pedestals or rubber pads (slip sheets under pedestals may be necessary to prevent membrane abrasion).
    2. drainage mats.
    3. XPS insulation panels with drainage grooves or channels.
  3. proprietary walkway membranes installed in segments.
  4. A proprietary coating.
  See also Article 1.2.1.2, Limitations and Exclusions of Guarantee, of Part 3 in Division A in this Manual.
Only PARS and AARS assemblies are permitted when a conventionally insulated system, or a portion of it, is designed to support any type of load; pavers supported by pedestals are an exception. This is subject to the limitations and requirements in 14.1.2 Design.

9.1.3.5. Uninsulated Systems

When a roof system installed on a concrete deck or concrete topping is uninsulated, the base membrane must be vented to mitigate the effects of vapour drive from the concrete.

9.1.4. Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems

9.1.4.1. Membrane Selection

Only fully adhered membranes may be used in a Protected Membrane Roof System; mechanically attached membranes are not suitable and shall not be used for this application.

9.1.4.2. System Securement

Every Protected Membrane Roof System or Modified Protected Membrane System designed with gravel ballast must conform to the securement requirements set out in Article 3.3.2.4 and specify ballast conforming to the minimum requirements shown in Table 3.2.
1. gravel ballast guards around drains,
2. a drainage layer beneath XPS insulation, and
3. filter fabric installed over XPS insulation, to
  1. contain the insulation and thereby prevent ‘insulation stacking’ (displacement) when insulation boards become buoyant in water, and
  2. prevent fines from settling at the membrane level and filling the voids between insulation board joints.

9.1.4.3. Membrane Protection

Where membranes installed on vertical surfaces may be damaged from foot traffic or shifting coverings, they must be protected as, for example, with base metal flashings.

9.1.5. Membrane Walkways and Warning Zones

9.1.5.1. Walkways

Membrane walkways constructed with a third ply are permissible but are not considered part of the roof system and therefore are not covered by the Guarantee.
For walkways constructed with pavers, refer to Article 14.1.4.3 for design requirements.

9.1.5.2. Warning Zones

Fall protection warning zones (see WorkSafeBC Regulations and related materials) may be designed to utilize
1. primary roof membranes in contrasting colours.
2. a "sacrificial" third ply installed over the primary cap membrane.
3. a proprietary coating.
A sacrificial third ply is not part of the roof system and therefore is specifically excluded from coverage under a RoofStar Guarantee. See also 1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations.

Section 9.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

9.2.1. Material Properties

9.2.1.1. Membrane Composition, Thickness, and Selection

All SBS polymer-modified bituminous membranes must, at a minimum, conform to the requirements
1. published in CSA-A123.23 Product specification for polymer-modified bitumen sheet, prefabricated and reinforced.
2. listed in Division C.
3. described in Table 9.1.
Both the base and cap membranes in 2 or 3-Ply SBS-modified bituminous membrane system must be modified with the same polymer. For example, if the cap membrane is modified with SBS, then the base membrane must be SBS-modified also. Oxidized asphalt membranes will be considered as underlay only and must not be counted as one of two plies.
Membranes must be selected from the list of Accepted Materials published in this Manual, and each membrane must conform the minimum requirements outlined in Table 9.1.
Liquid membranes must be reinforced and accepted for use over a base membrane ply acceptable to the manufacturer of the liquid membrane.
Some membranes may be susceptible to damage from bird droppings, pet urine or chemical contamination (oils, solvents or any discharge from a mechanical unit). The Design Authority is strongly urged to consider these issues in light of the overall project design, consult with the membrane manufacturer for guidance, and provide adequate membrane protection when it is necessary. See also 14 Roof Coverings and Living Spaces.

Table 9.1 SBS-modified Bituminous Membranes: RoofStar 5, 10 and 15-Year Guarantee
Applies to Field and Flashing membranes. All thicknesses shown are in mm
		Exposed Roof Systems						Protected Roof Systems		Grade-level Water- proofing
		Conventionally Insulated / Uninsulated Systems					Built-in Gutters	PMR Systems		Grade-level Water- proofing
		Mechanic- ally fastened	Heat- welded	Adhered			Heat- welded; Adhesive- applied; Self- adhered	Heat- welded; Adhered	Puncture Resistance	Heat- welded; Adhered	Puncture Resistance
		Mechanic- ally fastened	Heat- welded	Self- adhered	Hot- mopped	Adhesive- applied	Heat- welded; Adhesive- applied; Self- adhered	Heat- welded; Adhered	Puncture Resistance	Heat- welded; Adhered	Puncture Resistance
Type, Reinforcement, Grade	Guarantee Term	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	(N)	mm	(N)

Minimum Combined 2-ply Thickness
	5/10	6.00						6.00	N/A	6.00	N/A
	15	6.50						6.50	N/A	6.50	N/A

Base (Fibreglass) - Gr. 3
	5/10	2.30	2.30	2.30	2.20	2.20	X	X	X	X	X
	15	X	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50	X	X	X	X	X
Base (Composite fibreglass) - Gr. 3
	5/10	2.30	2.30	2.30	2.20	2.20	2.50	2.20	X	2.20	X
	15	X	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.90	2.50	X	2.50	X
Base (Polyester) - Gr. 3
	5/10	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.20	2.20	2.50	2.20	X	2.20	X
	15	X	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.90	2.50	X	2.50	X
Base (Composite) - Gr. 3
	5/10	2.30	2.30	2.30	2.20	2.20	2.50	2.20	X	2.20	X
	15	X	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.50	2.90	2.50	X	2.50	X
Factory Laminated Base (panel)
	5/10	2.20					X	2.20	N/A	X	N/A
	15	2.20					X	2.20	N/A	X	N/A

Film Cap (Fibreglass) - Gr. 2
	5/10	X	4.00	3.30	3.30	3.30	X	X	X	X	X
	15	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Film Cap (Polyester) - Gr. 2
	5/10	X	4.00	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.00	3.00	400	3.00	400
	15	X	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	3.00	400	3.50	400
Film Cap (Composite) - Gr. 2
	5/10	X	4.00	3.30	3.30	3.30	3.00	3.00	400	3.00	400
	15	X	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	3.00	400	3.50	400
Granule Cap (Fibreglass) - Gr. 1
	5/10	X	4.00	3.30	3.30	3.30	X	X	X	X	X
	15	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Granule Cap (Polyester) - Gr. 1
	5/10	X	4.00	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.50	3.00	400	3.00	400
	15	X	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	3.00	400	3.50	400
Granule Cap (Composite) - Gr. 1
	5/10	X	3.30	4.00	3.30	3.30	3.50	3.00	400	3.00	400
	15	X	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	3.00	400	3.50	400

9.2.1.2. Protected and Modified Protected Membrane System Components

(See Part 3, Securing the Roof Assembly)

Membranes must conform to the material requirements set out in Article 9.2.1.1, Composition, Thickness and Selection.
Insulation must be Type IV XPS, and must be supplied by the Contractor. Refer to 7.2 Materials.
Drainage mats and filter fabrics must conform to the standards set out for overburdens in 14.2.4 Components for Vegetated Systems and Other Roof Coverings.
Pavers that are partially supported (i.e. with pedestals) should be capable of resisting anticipated loads (consider, for example, hydraulically pressed concrete pavers).
Pedestals
1. should be adjustable, when a level surface is required.
2. must be proprietary (purpose-made) and include an integral spacer rib measuring at least a 3mm (⅛”), to uniformly separate pavers.
Gravel ballast used to secure a Protected Membrane Roof System or Modified Protected Membrane System must be clean, washed, round or crushed stone, falling within the following gradations:
1. 35 mm (1 ½") - 100 % Passing
2. 25 mm (1") 70 - 100 % Passing
3. 20 mm (¾") 5 - 20 % Passing
4. 12.7 mm (½") 0 - 6 % Passing
5. 5 mm (3/16") 0 - 2 % Passing

Any variance to the above must be accepted by the owner or the owner's representative and be confirmed in writing.

9.2.1.3. Fasteners and Adhesives

See 3.2.3 Fasteners and Adhesives for attachment requirements.

9.2.2. Materials Storage and Handling

9.2.2.1. Protection from the Weather

All uninstalled materials must be
1. protected from weather.
2. stacked above ground or the roof surface in packaging provided.
3. approved or recommended by the manufacturer.

9.2.3. Accessories

9.2.3.1. Accessories Supplied by Membrane Manufacturer

All materials, including but not limited to primers, mastics, granules or coatings, that comprise the roof system must be supplied or accepted by the membrane manufacturer.

Section 9.3. Application

9.3.1. Reserved

9.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

9.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Membranes qualifying for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee shall be selected from Table 9.1.

9.3.3. General Requirements

9.3.3.1. Manufacturer Requirements

Membranes must be installed according to the manufacturer's published instructions, details and installation techniques unless exceeded by this Standard.

9.3.3.2. Sequencing and Direction of Work

All membrane openings at eaves, walls, vents, etc. must be sealed during application to prevent moisture from entering the roof system or between membrane flashing plies.
At the end of a day, or when installation must be stopped because of circumstance (such as inclement weather), the base membrane of a Conventionally Insulated System must be temporarily and continuously sealed to envelope the insulation and other components enclosed below the 2-ply membrane system. Care must be taken to seal all possible points by which water might enter the new roof system.
Except for the application of picture-framing techniques (see below under 10.3.3 Alternative Approaches to Membrane Flashing), both the base and cap membranes must be installed in a parallel direction (not perpendicular to each other).
Both the base and cap membranes of a 2-ply un-granulated membrane system must be installed separately. Installation "shingle fashion" (i.e., 50% lap) is not acceptable except where membrane "back nailing" is required.
Membranes should be installed beginning at the lowest point of the roof.
When the designed slope of the roof
1. exceeds 1:6 (2” in 12”) but is no greater than 1:3 (4” in 12”), and either or both membranes are self-adhered, the head-lap of a full or partial membrane run, installed parallel to the slope, must be secured with at least three (3) screw fasteners and plates equally spaced across its width.
2. exceeds 1:3 (4” in 12”), and either or both membranes are self-adhered, the head-lap of a full or partial membrane run, installed parallel to the slope, must be secured with at least three (3) screw fasteners and plates equally spaced across its width. In addition, the side laps must be mechanically fastened with screws and plates spaced no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C.
Membrane laps for either case must conform to the standards published elsewhere in this Part.

9.3.3.3. Cold Weather Application

Installation during cold weather must follow the membrane manufacturer’s guidelines for storage and membrane conditioning.

9.3.3.4. Securement on Slopes

When the designed slope of the roof exceeds 1:6 (2” in 12”) but is no greater than 1:3 (4” in 12”), and either or both membranes are self-adhered, the head-lap of a full or partial membrane run, installed parallel to the slope, must be secured with at least three (3) screw fasteners and plates equally spaced across its width.
When the designed slope of the roof exceeds 1:3 (4” in 12”), and either or both membranes are self-adhered,
1. the head-lap of a full or partial membrane run, installed parallel to the slope, must be secured with at least three (3) screw fasteners and plates equally spaced across its width, and
2. the side laps must be mechanically fastened with screws and plates spaced no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C.

9.3.3.5. Membranes Laminated to Insulation Overlays

9.3.3.6. Membranes Installed on Concrete

When a roof system installed on a concrete deck or concrete topping is uninsulated, the base membrane must be vented in order to mitigate the effects of vapour drive from the concrete.

9.3.3.7. Application on Wood Decks

SBS-modified bituminous membranes shall not be fully adhered directly to a supporting wood deck structure. Rather,
1. overlay the wood deck with a RoofStar-accepted deck overlay board, to which the membrane may be adhered.
2. semi-adhere a vented base membrane to the wood deck.
3. substitute a fully adhered membrane system with a mechanically attached membrane.

9.3.3.8. Single-ply SBS-modified Bituminous Membranes

A minimum slope of 1:16 (3/4” in 12”)is required for single-ply SBS-modified bituminous membranes.

9.3.3.9. Membrane Seams

When the membrane is specified to run parallel to the slope, the up-slope seam must be mechanically fastened with screws and plates no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C.
All membranes must
1. overlap adjacent membranes (side laps) at least 75 mm (3”).
2. overlap the end of the next membrane run at least 150 mm (6") - angle-cut the selvedge corner of the underlying membrane as required by the membrane manufacturer.
3. be offset from adjacent membrane end laps by at least 300 mm (12”.
4. be installed so that cap membrane end laps are located at least 900 mm (36”) from the centre of any roof field drain, except where drain sumps are employed.
When membranes are mechanically fastened, side laps must be at least 100 mm (4”) and cover the fastener plate by at least 50 mm (2”).
Ensure seams are fully bonded, both along the sides and at the ends of membrane runs:
1. All base membrane field seams, regardless of the type of application, must be “buttered” before the end of the working day.
2. All cap membranes must exhibit continuous visible bitumen bleed-out along seam edges.
3. Cap membrane runs must be offset from the base field membrane seams, according to the membrane manufacturer's published instructions, and centred over drains.

9.3.3.10. Protection of Membranes

All installed membranes must be protected from splashed or dripped primer used to enhance adhesion of self-adhering membranes, as the primer may damage the membranes and cause leaks. This standard also applies to work by other trades, who may use primers for self-adhering membranes typically installed on walls or around doors, windows or other wall penetrations.

9.3.3.11. Transitions with Water-shedding Systems

At roof slope transitions where slopes less than 1:16 (¾" in 12") intersect a water-shedding system, the waterproofing system must be designed to extend up the water-shedding system slope as described in 10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems. Flash the transition in keeping with the requirements found elsewhere in this Standard.

9.3.4. Application-specific Requirements

9.3.4.1. Mechanically Attached Membranes

Whenever possible, orient mechanically fastened membranes perpendicular to steel deck flutes in order to distribute fasteners across the deck.
To secure the membrane, use fasteners and stress plates that are
1. specifically designed for the application of the specified and installed membrane, or are
2. listed in the Tested Assembly report as an acceptable alternative (substitutions, without the written consent of the primary membrane manufacturer, are not permitted and may void the RoofStar Guarantee).
Unless otherwise listed in the assembly components of a Tested Assembly, membranes shall be fastened with self-drilling purpose-made #14 screws having a deep-recessed head.
Single-ply modified bituminous membranes
1. must comply with the requirements listed in Table 9.1 (see 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection).
2. require a minimum slope 1:16 (¾" in 12").

9.3.4.2. Torch-applied Membranes

Directly torch-applying any membrane to an unprotected combustible material is strictly prohibited.
Torch-applied membranes must be applied to a suitable substrate (primed if required by the membrane manufacturer).
Ensure that the membrane is fully and evenly bonded to the substrate. As the roll is installed, the Contractor must
1. sufficiently pre-heat the side lap of the preceding roll.
2. burn off any film used to protect the uninstalled membrane surface.
3. ensure sufficient heat melts the bottom layer of bitumen across the full width of the roll, to adequately bond the membrane to the substrate (A small "wave" or "bead" of melted bitumen in front of the roll usually indicates sufficient heat).
4. Membrane end lap corners must be cut on a bias (clipped or trimmed on an angle) prior to forming end laps on all torch-applied modified bituminous membrane roof systems.
5. Embed granules prior to forming end laps on all torch-applied modified bituminous cap membranes.
The applicator must not over-torch or over-heat membranes. The polyester fabric used as reinforcement in many thermofusible "torch-on" membranes is subject to dimensional changes at high temperatures.
Install cap membranes as soon as possible after base membrane installation. Installed base membranes must be protected from dirt, debris and damage; any damage sustained by the installed base membrane must be adequately repaired following the procedures recommended by the membrane manufacturer. This work is the responsibility of the Contractor.

9.3.4.3. Self-adhered and Cold Adhesive-applied Membranes

(See Note A-9.3.4.3.)

The installation of self-adhering membranes across the slope of the roof is not recommended.
When both the base and cap membranes are self-adhered, the cap membrane must be installed on a clean, dry base and both must be completed together on the same workday, according to the manufacturer’s published instructions. Phased installation of membranes is not permitted.
To ensure even, full contact with the substrate, all self-adhered and cold adhesive-applied field membranes must be fully rolled with a roller weighing at least 34.2 Kg (75 lbs).
When self-adhesive membranes
1. are installed at ambient air temperatures below 10° C, the granules must be embedded prior to air-welding the end laps of the cap membrane.
2. are installed at ambient air temperatures above 10° C, embedment of granules, as described above, is optional before the end laps of the cap membrane are air-welded.
3. are applied to a base membrane coated on the top face with a polyethylene film, the film must be defeated (burned away) before the cap membrane may be installed.
4. are welded at the seams with a hot-air welder, the seams must be fully welded to ensure a uniform bond between plies.

9.3.4.4. Hot Bitumen-adhered Membranes

All concrete decks to receive adhered membranes shall be primed with the membrane manufacturer’s asphaltic primer.
Bitumen Temperatures
1. The asphalt temperature must be at least 205°C (400°F) in order to fuse with the membrane.
2. Asphalt should be mopped no more than 1 m (3') ahead of the roll.
3. Rates may vary depending upon the substrate, and therefore the rates must follow the manufacturer’s published instructions.
Install membranes with Type 3 or 4 oxidized asphalt or Type 3 or 4 SEBS modified asphalt.

9.3.4.5. Liquid Membranes

Where it is desirable for the field membrane to resist the damaging effects of grease, oils or other contaminants only a Roofstar-accepted reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane may be specified and installed over a suitable base membrane. The following standards pertain to the application of these materials in the field and around penetrations:

Use only liquid flashing membranes that are compatible with the base membrane.
Ensure proper preparation of the base membrane, which must be clean, dry, free of contaminants and suitable to the liquid membrane manufacturer. Preparation must follow the procedures published by the liquid membrane manufacturer.
Liquid membranes must be applied with clean, straight, plumb edges. Therefore, mask the boundaries of areas to which liquid membrane will be applied, ensuring adequate coverage on all surfaces.
For all applications,
1. apply a base layer of catalyzed liquid membrane resin within the area masked for coverage.
2. reinforce the base coating with the manufacturer’s fleece and cut it to size so that the fleece is set in from the masked area no more than 3 mm (1/8”).
3. ensure the fleece is fully saturated with liquid, following the published instructions from the manufacturer.
4. coat the fleece with a second application of catalyzed liquid membrane resin, covering the masked area.
5. coat the second application with a wearing coat, as specified by the manufacturer.
When a granule surface or textured finish is specified, the granules or texturing material must be broadcast into a third coat.
When applied to the roof field around a penetration, the same liquid membrane must extend up the adjacent vertical surfaces by at least 200 mm (8”). See also 11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing. Application rates and guidelines issued by the manufacturer of the liquid flashing product must be followed, unless superseded by these standards.

9.3.5. Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Systems

9.3.5.1. General

All components of a Protected Membrane Roof System or Modified Protected Membrane System, including the gravel or paver ballast, must be supplied and installed by the Contractor. Where a Vegetated Roof System (VRS) is used as ballast, the VRS may be installed by others but
1. the work must be coordinated with the Contractor.
2. the VRS installed immediately upon completion of the Contractor’s work, to ensure the roof system is held in place.

9.3.5.2. Membranes

Only fully adhered membranes may be used in a Protected or Modified Protected Membrane Roof System; mechanically attached membranes are not suitable and shall not be used for this application.
Membranes, membrane flashing and insulation must be installed in keeping with the requirements found elsewhere in this Standard.
No UV-sensitive membrane may be left exposed to UV radiation and must be fully protected by a granulated cap membrane, metal flashing or overburden.
The second ply in a Protected Membrane Roof System may be a base membrane that is acceptable to the membrane manufacturer for that application, and must meet the membrane requirements in 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection for puncture resistance and thickness.
Before any roof covering, structure or equipment is installed, roof membranes must be
1. inspected.
2. scanned for leaks when an integrity scan is specified.
3. free of deficiencies.

9.3.5.3. Insulation

(See Part 7 INSULATION)

Insulation must be installed by the Contractor.

9.3.5.4. Drainage and Penetrations

(See Part 11 DRAINAGE.)

A drainage mat must be installed below the XPS insulation. A second drainage layer may be installed above the insulation but is at the discretion of the Design Authority.
Specialized proprietary drainage products must be acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
Ballast guards must be installed around all roof drains.

9.3.5.5. Filter Fabric

Fabric filter mats must be
1. installed loose-laid (un-bonded) over the insulation and below any type of ballast or roof covering,
2. overlapped at all edges a minimum of 300mm (12"),
3. at least 2.5 m x 2.5 m (8’ x 8’) in size, and
4. must be slit to fit over roof penetrations, and cut out around roof drains and other openings.
Filter fabric must extend up perimeter edges and curbs, and placed loose (unattached) under metal counter flashings or wall finishes. See also 13.3.4 (6) concerning linear metal flashings.

9.3.5.6. Gravel and Paver Ballast

Gravel or pavers used as ballast on a Protected Membrane Roof System constitute part of the roof system and therefore each kind of ballast must
1. conform to the minimum requirements set out in Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY.
2. be evenly distributed or installed over the insulation, drainage layer and filter fabric assembly.
3. be supplied and installed by the Contractor, not by another trade.
Pavers and unit-type masonry, such as brick or stone, must be supported by
1. proprietary (purpose-made) pedestals with at least a 3mm (⅛”) integral spacer ribs for uniform spacing of pavers.
2. a proprietary drainage layer overlaid with a filter fabric mat.
3. a drainage layer of loose aggregate (such as pea gravel) measuring at least 25 mm (1") in depth, installed over a filter fabric.
Pedestals or a drainage layer must permit at least 12.7 mm (½″) of vertical separation between the paver and the underlying substrate, to provide airflow for drying surfaces and assist in leveling. Pedestals should not impede the flow of water or air, and should uniformly distribute the dead load of pavers, and other unit masonry products, as well as predicted live loads.

9.3.6. Membrane Walkways and Warning Zones

9.3.6.1. Installation of Walkways

(See also Part 14 The ROOF as a PLATFORM for design, material and installation requirements when using elevated pavers or other walkway materials.)

When pavers are used as the walkway material, they must be
1. spaced no closer than 3mm (1/8″)
2. supported by non-abrasive pads or proprietary pedestals providing a minimum of 12.7 mm (1/2″) of vertical separation layer for airflow and leveling (slip sheets under pedestals may be necessary to prevent membrane abrasion).
3. secured against movement by wind.
When an additional membrane ply is installed over the Finished Waterproofing System, to serve as a ‘sacrificial’ walking surface, the third ply is not considered part of the roof system and therefore is excluded from coverage under the RoofStar Guarantee.

9.3.6.2. Installation of Warning Zones

When warning zones are specified as part of the primary roof membrane,
1. the membrane
  1. may be part of the primary roof membrane, in a contrasting colour.
  2. must be oriented parallel to the primary field runs.
2. staggered end laps must be maintained but must be located under the contrasting membrane in order to create a clean edge.

Part 10 - Perimeters and Walls

Section 10.1. Design

10.1.1. General

10.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

10.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary.

10.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Refer to 1.3.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee for general requirements, to qualify the project for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee.

10.1.3. General Requirements

10.1.3.1. Connections with Other Assemblies

The Design Authority is responsible to specify the connections between the waterproofing or water-shedding system and walls or other building components, particularly where the continuity of air, vapour and water-resistive layers is critical or required by Code. Refer to Part 6 AIR and VAPOUR CONTROLS.

10.1.3.2. Membrane Flashing

Mechanical fasteners used to secure a metal flashing or wall finish must be installed at least 89 mm (3 ½”) above the finished waterproofing system.
Where the roof field adjoins a wall or parapet, the vertical surface must be waterproofed with membrane flashing (see 10.3.2 Membranes). All membrane flashing must be applied as two plies, to extend at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished waterproofing system. Parapets less than 200 mm (8") in height, low door or low window applications (see Article 10.3.1.8, Low Door and Window Openings) are exempt from this standard.
All membranes installed on parapets, over a low roof edge or on walls must
1. be fully adhered to the substrate,
2. wrap onto the outside face of the parapet or roof edge and extend downward to overlap any cold joint by at least 50 mm (2”), and
3. correctly lap any wall membranes or finishes by at least
  1. 75 mm (3”) when installed underneath wall materials, and
  2. 50 mm (2”) when installed over wall materials.
Membrane flashing must extend up a vertical surface at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished waterproofing system, to permit a proper watertight seal. Low parapets, Low door or low window applications (see Article 10.3.1.2.7, Door and Window Openings) are exempt from this requirement.
Membrane flashing that terminates on a vertical surface must be secured to the substrate by the Contractor, and exposed edges must be protected from water intrusion, physical damage and ultraviolet light exposure. Specify membrane securement and protection using one of the following options, ranked according to the maintenance they require (low to high):
1. Adhere the roof membrane to the wall surface,
  1. protect the exposed membrane edge with overlapping adhered or self-adhered wall membranes and exterior sheathing (Figure 10.3.1a), and
  2. cover the exposed membrane edge with a RoofStar-accepted reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane flashing (see 10.3.2.4 Liquid Membrane Flashing for application requirements) (Figure 10.3.1b).
2. Mechanically secure the membrane to the wall with a termination bar; caulk the upper edge of the termination bar and cover the bar with a cut reglet flashing sealed inside the reglet cut with an acceptable sealant (see 13.2.4 Sealants) (Figure 10.3.1c).
3. Secure the membrane with a surface-mounted reglet flashing and
  1. mechanically secure the membrane to the wall with a termination bar or metal flashing; caulk the upper edge of the termination bar, and cover the bar with a secondary metal surface reglet flashing that is separately attached to the wall and sealed along the upper edge with an acceptable sealant (see 13.2.4 Sealants) (Figure 10.3.1d), or
  2. mechanically secure the membrane to the wall; surface-mount a reglet flashing above the terminated membrane and seal the metal flashing along the upper edge with an acceptable sealant; install a second surface-mounted reglet flashing and seal it along the upper edge with an acceptable sealant (see 13.2.4 Sealants) (Figure 10.3.1e).
For fastener spacing, see additional Standards in this Part, and 13.3.1 General (Application).
Where a roof allows water to freely drain off the edge, and the roof adjoins a wall, a cricket or diverter should be installed at the roof edge to prevent water intrusion behind wall finishes.

10.1.4. Parapets

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.1.4.1. Conventionally Insulated Roofs

Conventionally Insulated Roofs: Parapets are not required for exposed Conventionally Insulated roofs, but when they are specified the parapet must be no less than 125 mm (5") in height, measured from the top of the finished waterproofing system to the inside top edge of the parapet (to facilitate proper metal cap flashing securement). See also 13.3.4 Cap, Counter and Base Flashings.

10.1.4.2. Roofs with Overburden or Ballast

Roofs with Overburden or Ballast:
1. Parapets (or an alternative retention system that is acceptable to the Guarantor)
  1. are required at the outside edge of any roof that supports overburden or ballast.
  2. must be designed to retain overburden or ballast against wind scouring, but the height of the parapet or alternative retention system shall not be less than 200 mm (8”) in height when measured from the top of the finished waterproofing system.
2. The minimum parapet height required in 10.1.2.3 (2)(1)(2) may be reduced for a Vegetated Roof System, provided
  1. the reduced height is supported by a VRS wind test and published report (see 3.1.4.2 Roofs with Ballast and Overburden).
  2. the Guarantor has issued a written Variance based on the test results and report.
  See also Sub-article 14.1.2.2.3 Vegetated Roof Systems for additional securement standards.
All membranes installed on parapets must be fully adhered to the parapet substrate.

10.1.5. Low-profile Perimeters

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.1.5.1. Metal Edge Terminations

When a metal edge termination detail is used, the edge must be fully blocked to support the metal and membrane edges.

10.1.5.2. Canted Edges

Canted edges are not required or recommended, since membranes are manufactured to transition from horizontal to vertical planes without the assistance of an intermediate slope.
Canted edges on existing roofs may be left in place, at the discretion of the Design Authority.

10.1.6. Walls

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.1.6.1. Membrane Securement

When a roof waterproofing system transitions to a high wall, additional mechanical securement may be required by the membrane manufacturer.

10.1.6.2. Masonry and Composite Panel Walls

When a wall or parapet is faced with multi-wythe masonry or composite panels, and the membrane flashing must be installed over the face of the wall or parapet, the through-wall flashing that separates wythes or courses of panels must be
1. supplied and installed by others, and
2. situated at the next course above the terminated edge of the membrane flashing and any metal roof flashings.
Refer to current seismic codes for suitability. In the alternative to the above, the entire inside face of a parapet must be completely flashed or cladded.

10.1.7. Transitions with Other Roof Assemblies

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.1.7.1. Transitions with Water-shedding Roofs

Where two roof systems intersect, materials must be compatible with each other, or must be separated from contact by an intermediate separation layer.
When a waterproofing system transitions down a slope onto a lower water-shedding system, the waterproofing membrane must lap over the water-shedding system by no less than 50 mm (2").
When a waterproofing system transitions up a slope and beneath a water-shedding system,
1. membrane flashing must extend up the water-shedding system slope at least
  1. 150 mm (6”), plus 75 mm (3”) for the overlap by the water-shedding system, when measured vertically from the maximum water level.
  2. 200 mm (8”), plus 75 mm (3”) for the overlap by the water-shedding system, when measured vertically from the water plane.
  3. 300 mm (12”) plus 75 mm (3”) for the overlap by the water-shedding system, when measured vertically from the water plane or maximum water level, in regions with typical heavy snow.
2. the termination of the membrane on the slope must be mechanically secured, separately from the water-shedding system.
3. fasteners for the water-shedding system must be at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished surface of the waterproofing system (when measured vertically from the water plane), or 300 mm (12”) for regions with heavy snow.
4. the water-shedding system materials must overlap the waterproofing system by at least 150 mm (6”).
When a waterproofing system adjoins a wall, wall membranes and finishes must positively lap membrane flashing by at least 75 mm (3").

10.1.7.2. Transitions with Built-in Membrane Gutters

Refer to Article 11.1.3.5.

10.1.8. Expansion and Control Joints

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.1.8.1. Expansion Joints

Refer to the application requirements in Article 10.3.8.1.

10.1.8.2. Control Joints

Refer to the application requirements in Article 10.3.8.2.

10.1.9. Perimeter Openings

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.1.9.1. Doors and Windows

Standard door and standard window openings must be flashed with membrane, following the requirements in Article 10.3.2.2.
Rough openings should be oversized to accommodate the build-up of flashing membrane.
Existing openings may be flashed using the methods for low door and low window openings described in Article 10.3.4.9.
The RGC recommends against low door openings because of their propensity to leak, but when a low door or low window opening is specified to comply with Code, it must be waterproofed in keeping with the requirements in Article 10.3.4.9.

10.1.10. Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.1.10.1. Protection of Membrane Flashing

The second membrane flashing ply in a Protected or Modified Protected Membrane Roof System may be a base membrane that is acceptable to the membrane manufacturer for that application, and must meet the membrane requirements in 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection for puncture resistance and thickness.
No UV-sensitive membrane may be left exposed to UV radiation and must be fully protected with base metal flashings.

10.1.11. Alternative Approaches to Membrane Flashing

10.1.11.1. Specifying Hazard-reduction Strategies

Self-adhering or adhesive-applied materials should be considered as alternatives to torch-applied membranes when the substrate to which they will be applied is combustible, or when nearby structures, openings or materials present a fire hazard. In the alternative, a suitable separation or overlay material as protection from open flame is suitable. The application of materials to a combustible surface, using a torch, is strictly prohibited. Refer to 10.3.5 Alternate Membrane Flashing Approaches for application requirements.

Section 10.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

10.2.1. Material Properties

10.2.1.1. Membranes

Membranes used to flash (strip) walls, parapets or other edges shall be reinforced with polyester or a composite scrim, but in any event must conform to the membrane requirements found in Article 9.2.1.1, Composition, Thickness and Selection.
When metal flashing or cladding will be installed over a self-adhering base membrane, the membrane must have a high softening point and a minimum flow temperature of 87.7°C (190°F) ASTM D5147 high temperature stability.
Some membranes may be susceptible to damage from bird droppings, pet urine, chemical contamination (oils, solvents or any discharge from a mechanical unit). The Design Authority is strongly urged to consider these issues as part of the overall project design, consult with the membrane manufacturer for guidance, and provide adequate membrane protection when it is necessary. See also 14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM.

10.2.1.2. Fasteners

Fasteners used to secure the upper termination of membranes must be the fasteners specified by the membrane manufacturer or, when a fastener is not specified, a No. 12 screw-type fastener or impact-driven fastener compatible with all secured materials.

10.2.1.3. Liquid Membrane Flashing

Only RoofStar-accepted reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membranes are acceptable for the termination of membranes.

10.2.1.4. Linear Metal Flashing

Linear metal flashings incorporated into roof perimeters and walls must conform to the materials and fabrication standards in Part 13.

Section 10.3. Application

10.3.1. Reserved

10.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Refer to 1.3.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee for general requirements, to qualify the project for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee.

10.3.3. General Requirements

10.3.3.1. Sequencing of Processes

Projects must follow proper sequencing. This means that materials must be installed so that they interface with other materials, systems, or assemblies, including those installed by other trades, in “shingle fashion” by positively overlapping them below or above. Occasionally, the coordination with other trades requires some adaptation to this Standard. When that is the case, any variance to proper detail sequencing must be approved by the Design Authority in writing.

10.3.3.2. Membrane Flashing for All Applications

All changes in plane must be waterproofed with membrane flashing.
All membrane flashing must be installed as two (2) plies on vertical surfaces according to the manufacturer's published instructions, but in any event must be
1. installed to a substrate that is suitable (see Part 2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and Walls) or is listed under Accepted Materials.
2. fully bonded to its substrate.
3. installed from the low point of the roof (for positive laps toward the drain).
4. offset the field membrane runs by at least 300 mm (12").
5. extend at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished waterproofing system, but the base and cap membranes should be terminated at different heights to facilitate a proper watertight seal. Low parapets, low door or low window applications (see Article 10.3.1.8) are exempt from this minimum height requirement.
6. installed without fish-mouths or wrinkles.
7. hand-rolled with a membrane manufacturer’s accepted roller and fully bonded to an acceptable, prepared substrate.
8. reinforced at all inside and outside corners with membrane gussets, measuring at least 100 mm x 150 mm (4” x 6”), excluding the tapered ends.
9. correctly lapped with any wall membranes or finishes by at least
  1. 75 mm (3”) when installed underneath wall materials.
  2. 50 mm (2”) when installed over wall materials.
All membranes installed on parapets or over a low roof edge must wrap onto the outside face of the parapet or roof edge and extend downward to overlap any cold joint, including joints between the parapet and the coping, by at least 50 mm (2”).
Base membrane flashing plies must
1. extend onto the field by at least 100 mm (4") or extend at least 100 mm (4") past perimeter mechanical fastener plates installed on the field.
2. be fully bonded at the seams, along all exposed edges.
3. be finished and “buttered”, with a torch or hot-air welder before the end of the working day.
Cap membrane flashing plies must
1. extend onto the field at least 150 mm (6"), or at least 50 mm (2”) past the edge of the base membrane flashing.
2. be fully bonded at the seams, along all exposed edges.
3. exhibit continuous visible bitumen bleed-out along seam edges, to a maximum of 6 mm (1/4”), accomplished with a torch or hot-air welder.
Membrane flashing that terminates on a vertical surface must be secured to the substrate by the Contractor, and exposed edges must be protected from water intrusion, physical damage and ultraviolet light exposure. This must be accomplished using one of the following options, ranked according to the maintenance they require (low to high):
1. Adhere the roof membrane to the wall surface, and
  1. protect the exposed membrane edge with overlapping adhered or self-adhered wall membranes and exterior sheathing (Figure 10.3.1a).
  2. cover the exposed membrane edge with a secondary, fleece-reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing (see 10.3.8 for application requirements) (Figure 10.3.1b).
2. Mechanically secure the membrane to the wall with a termination bar; caulk the upper edge of the termination bar and cover the bar with a cut reglet flashing sealed inside the reglet cut with an acceptable sealant (see 13.2.4 Sealants) (Figure 10.3.1c).
3. Secure the membrane with a surface-mounted reglet flashing:
  1. Mechanically secure the membrane to the wall with a termination bar or metal flashing; caulk the upper edge of the termination bar and cover the bar with a secondary metal surface reglet flashing that is separately attached to the wall and sealed along the upper edge with an acceptable sealant (see 13.2.4 Sealants) (Figure 10.3.1d).
  2. Mechanically secure the membrane to the wall; surface-mount a reglet flashing above the terminated membrane and seal the metal flashing along the upper edge with an acceptable sealant; install a second surface-mounted reglet flashing and seal it along the upper edge with an acceptable sealant (see 13.2.4 Sealants) (Figure 10.3.1e).
  For fastener spacing, see additional standards in this Part, and 13.3.1 General (Application).
When the roof membrane is mechanically secured with a termination bar or a metal flashing,
1. fasteners must be spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
2. and a second metal flashing is installed to protect a termination bar or flashing used to secure the membrane, it may be fastened no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C. provided the metal flashing maintains continuous contact with the substrate. See also 13.3.1 General (Application).
3. and closer spacing is required by the membrane manufacturer, the wall must be constructed or modified to facilitate solid fastener securement.
When a diverter flashing is required, it must be fabricated like a metal edge flashing, and must be secured and sealed to the primary membrane with membrane flashing (stripping). See Article 10.3.1.4.

**Figure 10.3.1a** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.3.1b** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.3.1c** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.3.1d** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.3.1e** (Click to expand)

10.3.3.3. Protection of Membranes

All installed membranes must be protected from splashed or dripped primer. This standard also applies to work by other trades, who may use primers for self-adhering membranes typically installed on walls or around doors, windows, or other wall penetrations.

10.3.4. Additional Requirements for Membrane Flashing

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.3.4.1. Torch-applied Membranes

The application of an open flame to combustible surfaces is NOT permitted. All combustible surfaces, including (without limitation) decks, walls, blocking or cants MUST be protected from open flame by an acceptable separation or overlay material.
When the base membrane flashing is torch-applied, all overlay board joints, and wall transitions must be sealed with the primary membrane manufacturer’s approved self-adhered membrane or tapes. Alternatively, refer above to 10.3.4 Alternative Membrane Flashing Approaches.

10.3.4.2. Self-adhered Membranes

Self-adhered membranes must be installed on a clean, uncontaminated surface. Dirty or contaminated surfaces must be covered
1. with plywood sheathing with a minimum nominal thickness of 9.5 mm (3/8"), or
2. with a wall overlay.

10.3.4.3. Adhesive and Hot-applied Membranes

Hot-applied membrane flashing must be installed according to the membrane manufacturers’ installation specifications, using conventional Type 3 or 4 oxidized asphalt or Type 3 or 4 SEBS modified asphalt. The asphalt temperature must conform to the membrane manufacturer's minimum application temperature; a minimum application temperature of 205°C (400°F) is required.
When hot asphalt is used to adhere membrane flashing (stripping), metal base flashings are required on all vertical surfaces, walls, curbs, etc. Refer to 13.3.4 Cap, Counter and Base Flashings.

10.3.4.4. Liquid Membrane Flashing

Where sheet membranes terminate on walls, or where flashing with sheet membranes may not be practical or even possible, only a RoofStar-accepted reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane may be used.
Use only liquid flashing membranes that are compatible with the primary membrane.
Ensure proper preparation of the substrate, which must be clean, dry and free of contaminants. Preparation must follow the published procedures published by the flashing manufacturer.
Liquid membranes must be applied with clean, straight, plumb edges. Therefore, mask the boundaries of areas to which liquid membrane will be applied, ensuring adequate coverage on all surfaces.
For all applications,
1. prime the substrate above the sheet membrane flashing, as directed by the manufacturer of the 2-part liquid flashing system,
2. apply a base layer of catalyzed liquid membrane resin within the area masked for coverage,
3. reinforce the base coating with the manufacturer’s fleece and cut it to size so that the fleece is set in from the masked area no more than 3 mm (1/8”),
4. ensure the fleece is fully saturated with liquid, following the published instructions from the manufacturer, and
5. coat the fleece with a second application of catalyzed liquid membrane resin, covering the masked area.
When a granule surface or textured finish is specified, the granules or texturing material must be broadcast into a third coat.
On vertical membrane terminations, apply the liquid membrane to provide no less than 50 mm (2") coverage, both above and below the sheet membrane termination.
For use as a substitute for sheet membrane flashing, the reinforced liquid membrane flashing system must extend 200 mm (8”) both vertically and onto the field membrane.

Application rates and guidelines issued by the manufacturer of the liquid flashing product must be followed, unless superseded by these Standards.

See also 12.3.1.4 Liquid Membrane Flashing for additional applicable standards.

10.3.5. Parapets

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.3.5.1. General

All base membrane flashing installed on parapets must be
1. fully adhered to the parapet substrate, and
2. terminated on the outside face of the roof edge in keeping with Article 10.3.2.2.
Cap membrane flashing must be carried up the inside face of any parapet, above the finished waterproofing system, at least 200 mm (8”), but may be terminated at the top of the parapet. If the cap membrane flashing is terminated below the top of the parapet, any exposed base membrane must be covered with
1. metal flashing, or
2. cladding or other wall finishes.
Where a parapet intersects with a wall, water must be directed to the outer surface of the wall by flashing the union with
1. membrane flashing,
2. membrane gussets at the corners, and
3. a metal saddle assembly.
See SBS 10.3.5.1-4 Parapet (wall tie-in).
Where a metal coping is specified as the only linear metal flashing, the cap membrane flashing must be carried up at least as high as the inside face of the parapet. Optionally, the cap membrane flashing may be carried across the top of the parapet to the outside edge.

10.3.5.2. Standard-height Parapets

(the General Requirements of Subsection 10.3.2 shall be read together with this Article)

Base membrane flashing must fully cover parapets measuring 600 mm (24") or less in height, and must extend onto the outside face of the parapet.

10.3.5.3. Tall Parapets

Tall parapets (greater than 600 mm (24") in height) may be fully waterproofed with two membrane plies but must be intermediately secured with mechanical fasteners when so required by the membrane manufacturer.
When base and cap membrane flashing are terminated to meet the minimum requirements of this Standard, the vertical surface between the membrane flashing and the top of the parapet must be waterproofed in keeping with the standards for walls (see Article 10.3.6.1).
Tall parapets should be designed with consideration given to ventilation.

10.3.6. Low-Profile Perimeters

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.3.6.1. Metal Edge Terminations

When a metal edge termination detail is used,
1. the edge must be fully blocked to support the metal and membrane edges, and
2. the membranes must be terminated on the outside face of the roof edge in keeping with Article 10.3.2.2.
Metal edge flashings must be
1. installed over the base field membrane,
2. embedded in a membrane-compatible mastic,
3. fastened to the roof surface with mechanical fasteners spaced 200 mm (8”) O.C. in offsetting rows,
4. joined to each other with lap joints measuring at least 100 mm (4”) and sealed with mastic,
5. primed,
6. sealed to the base membrane, which must extend
  1. at least 100 mm (4") onto the metal flashing, and at least 50 mm (2”) past the fasteners, and
  2. at least 100 mm (4”) onto the field membrane, and
7. finished with the field cap membrane
  1. which must extend to cover the base membrane, and
  2. which must be sealed along the exposed edge with an un-tooled bead of membrane-compatible mastic.

10.3.6.2. Canted Edges

Existing and new canted edges must be
1. made of wood.
2. flashed with membrane plies, installed in keeping with the requirements in Article 10.3.2.2, and must lap onto the roof field in keeping with the Standards published in this Part, when measured from the base of the cant.

10.3.7. Walls

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.3.7.1. Transitions Between Roof and Walls

(the General Requirements of Subsection 10.3.2 shall be read together with this Article)

When a waterproofing system transitions with a wall, wall membranes and finishes must positively lap the roof system by at least 75 mm (3").
When walls are specified as part of the roofing work,
1. the roof system must be carried up the vertical surface at least 300 mm (12”) to facilitate continuity with wall systems and materials.
2. the surface of the wall above the vertical termination of the primary roof membrane must be covered with a water-resistive membrane that has properties consistent with the design and characteristics of the wall assembly. This may be the same membrane used as the primary membrane protection layer, or it may be a self-adhering membrane that is suitable to the primary membrane manufacturer, having a minimum thickness of 1 mm (.040”), provided it
  1. has a high softening point and a minimum flow temperature of 87.7°C (190°F)(ASTM D5147 high temperature stability).
  2. is applied with the methodology prescribed by the manufacturer.
  3. positively overlaps the primary roof membrane and its protection layer by at least 50 mm (2”).
  4. covers the remainder of the wall or tall parapet.
  5. is protected from UV radiation with a metal flashing, cladding or another wall covering.
  6. does not extend to cover the top surface of a parapet.

10.3.8. Transitions with Other Roof Assemblies

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.3.8.1. Compatibility of Materials

Where two roof systems intersect, materials must be compatible with each other, or must be separated from contact by an intermediate separation layer.

10.3.8.2. Transitions with Water-Shedding Roofs

When a waterproofing system transitions
1. down a slope onto a lower water-shedding system, the waterproofing membrane must lap over the water-shedding system by no less than 50 mm (2").
2. up a slope and beneath a water-shedding system,
  1. membrane flashing must extend up the water-shedding system slope at least
    1. 150 mm (6”), plus 75 mm (3”) for the overlap by the water-shedding system, when measured vertically from the maximum water level.
    2. 200 mm (8”), plus 75 mm (3”) for the overlap by the water-shedding system, when measured vertically from the water plane.
    3. 300 mm (12”) plus 75 mm (3”) for the overlap by the water-shedding system, when measured vertically from the water plane or maximum water level, in regions with typical heavy snow.
  2. the termination of the membrane on the slope must be mechanically secured, separately from the water-shedding system.
  3. fasteners for the water-shedding system must be at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished surface of the waterproofing system (when measured vertically from the water plane), or 300 mm (12”) for regions with heavy snow.
  4. the water-shedding system materials must overlap the waterproofing system by at least 150 mm (6”).
3. with a wall, wall membranes and finishes must positively lap membrane flashing by at least 75 mm (3").

10.3.8.3. Transitions with Built-in Membrane Gutters

Refer to the requirements in Article 11.3.5.1.

10.3.9. Expansion and Control Joints

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Articles)

10.3.9.1. Expansion Joints

Expansion joints constructed as a raised divider must have a sloped top surface and must extend in height above the finished waterproofing system no less than 200 mm (8"). The minimum height of the expansion joint may be reduced to 125 mm (5") if the primary roof membrane flashing is fully supported and sealed over the top.

10.3.9.2. Control Joints

Proprietary elastomeric expansion joint systems, manufactured with an EPDM-based core and flanges that can be fully bonded to the primary membrane, are acceptable for use in Waterproofing Systems when the systems are located a minimum of 200mm (8") above the finished waterproofing system and are completely sheathed (covered) with sloped linear metal flashing. Such joints must be
1. accepted for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program.
2. compatible with the roof membrane and acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
3. designed and manufactured to accommodate building movements of at least 500% elongation at -40°C (-40°F) across its length and at all vulcanized points.
4. factory-fabricated by means of vulcanization.
5. manufactured as one piece, complete with all joints, details and connections.
6. bonded with the primary membrane in a manner acceptable to the manufacturers of both the expansion joint and the membrane to which it will be bonded.
Field splicing of proprietary elastomeric expansion joints is permitted only when made with a machine acceptable to the expansion joint manufacturer. All other field splices are not permitted.

10.3.10. Perimeter Openings

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.3.10.1. Low Door and Window Openings

(the General Requirements of Subsection 10.3.2 shall be read together with this Article)

Low door and low window openings are not recommended, but when they are specified or unavoidable, the rough opening at the curb must be waterproofed, before the door frame and sill is installed, by using a metal water stop flashing, a metal sill pan flashing, or by sealing the opening with reinforced liquid membrane flashing.
Metal water stop flashing method:
1. The rough opening must be pre-flashed with base membrane, lapped onto the field membrane (see Article 10.3.2.2), and carried up the sill curb and over the entire top face of the rough opening. Reinforce all corners with membrane gussets.
2. The metal water stop flashing must be
  1. fabricated to fit the full width of the opening and shall incorporate a water dam upstand measuring at least 25 mm (1”) in height,
  2. embedded in a membrane-compatible mastic, and mechanically attached to the sill, and
  3. sealed to the rough opening with an additional ply of membrane flashing.
Metal sill pan flashing method:
1. The rough opening must be pre-flashed with base sheet membrane, lapped onto the field membrane (see Article 10.3.2.2), and carried up the sill curb and over the entire top face of the rough opening. Pre-flashing must also extend vertically on both sides of the opening at least 200 mm (8”).
2. A single-piece metal pan sill flashing must be fabricated
  1. to fit snugly inside the rough opening,
  2. with with folded, welded, or soldered corners, and shall incorporate a water dam upstand measuring at least 25 mm (1”) in height, and
  3. with 100 mm (4”) high flanges that cover the insides of the rough opening and wrap around the outside face of the wall at least 100 mm (4”).
3. The metal pan flashing must be
  1. installed over the pre-flashing base membrane and embedded in a membrane-compatible mastic,
  2. mechanically attached to both the outside and inside faces of the rough door opening, and
  3. sealed to the rough opening with an additional ply of membrane flashing.
Reinforced liquid membrane flashing method:
1. When clearances preclude the use of either of the above options, the rough opening may be flashed using the Metal Water Stop method in combination with a RoofStar-accepted fleece-reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane flashing system. Follow the requirements for liquid membrane flashing systems in Article 10.3.2.4:
  1. Install flashing membrane to the wall, on either side of the rough opening, following the standard requirements in Article 10.3.1.2.
  2. Pre-flash the rough opening and install the metal water stop flashing as described in the Metal Water Stop method above.
  3. Seal in the metal water stop flashing to the base membrane pre-flashing using the fleece-reinforced liquid membrane flashing system.
  4. Waterproof the inside faces of the rough opening with reinforced liquid membrane flashing, ensuring an overlap with the membrane on the sill at least 50 mm (2”). Liquid membrane flashing must extend up the inside faces of the rough opening at least 100 mm (4”).
The roof must be sloped away from the door or window opening.
Overflow drains must be
1. installed on the same roof area and located at least 25 mm (1") below the rough door or window opening.
2. capable of flow rates equivalent to or greater than those of the primary roof drains for the roof areas adjacent to the door opening (see also Article 11.3.2.5, Scuppers and Overflows).
When the building interior transitions to a patio or occupied roof surface through a flush door opening, the walking surface of the patio or roof must protect the roof membrane from damage and provide a drainage space below the walking surface measuring at least 12.7 mm (1/2”). Alternatively, pea gravel installed on a drainage board may be used.
Overhangs above the door are recommended wherever practical, to minimize water intrusion that occurs from wind-driven rain or from snow accumulation.

10.3.11. Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

10.3.11.1. Height of Membrane Flashing

Membrane flashing and insulation must be installed in keeping with the requirements found elsewhere in this Standard.
All membrane flashing must be carried up the vertical surface at least 200mm (8”) higher than the top of the ballast.

10.3.12. Alternative Approaches to Membrane Flashing

10.3.12.1. General

In conjunction with Best Practices for fire prevention, the requirements and the recommended means and methods in Article 10.3.4.2 and Article 10.3.4.3 should be considered or used as a guideline for designing other risk reduction approaches.
When field membranes or flashing plies are heat-welded, or if required by construction sequencing, the Contractor must assess the best approach.
The project design and installation may incorporate one or more of the following alternatives to conventional membrane flashing methods (see Article 10.3.3.1, Pre-flashing Approach, or Article 10.3.3.2, Picture-frame Approach).

10.3.12.2. Pre-flashing Approach

(See Figures 10.2a through 10.2d below, to illustrate the concepts described in the following standards)

The requirements in this Article shall be read together with the General Requirements of Subsection 10.3.2.
Before installing the base field membrane, self-adhering or adhesive-applied base membrane flashing (“pre-flashing”) must be applied to both vertical surfaces and to a suitable substrate on the roof field.
Base membrane flashings must be finished and “buttered” at the joints using a hot-air welder.
Base membrane flashing plies must extend
1. no less than 100 mm (4”) onto the roof field.
2. no less than 200 mm (8”) on walls or tall parapets, or to fully cover parapets up to 600 mm (24”) in height.
The ends of field membrane runs that are applied after base membrane flashing must continue up the face of the wall or parapet at least 100 mm (4”).
Additional base membrane flashing must be installed along the lengths of base field membranes, applied to the vertical surface and onto the roof field at least 100 mm (4”).
Cap field and flashing membranes must be installed in keeping with General Application standards.
All other applicable Standards in this Manual apply.

**Figure 10.2a** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.2b** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.2c** (Click to expand)

**Figure 10.2d** (Click to expand)

10.3.12.3. Picture-frame Approach

Before installing the base field membrane, “picture-frame” the field area adjacent to sensitive locations with self-adhering or adhesive-applied membranes; apply membranes to a suitable substrate on the roof field, to a width of at least 1.5 m (58 ½”), beginning with a half-width sheet along the roof edge. See Figure 10.3.2-1.
Perimeters must be flashed with self-adhering or adhesive-applied membrane base flashing. Base membrane flashing plies must extend
1. no less than 100 mm (4”) onto the roof field.
2. no less than 200 mm (8”) on walls or tall parapets, or to fully cover parapets up to 600 mm (24”) in height.
Field base membrane must be installed and tied into the “picture frame” following the General Application standards for side and end laps (refer to 9.3.1 General).
Standard application of cap field membranes must be carried no closer than 1 m (39”) of the wall or parapet. See Figure 10.3.2-2.
Self-adhering or adhesive-applied cap membranes must be applied to complete the field. Side and end laps must be heat-sealed with a hot-air welder.
Self-adhered or adhesive-applied cap membrane flashing must be applied to parapets or walls, in keeping with General Application standards for membrane flashing. Side and end laps must be heat-sealed with a hot-air welder.
All other applicable requirements in this Standard apply.

**Figure 10.3.2-1** (Click to expand)

**Figure 6.3.2-2** (Click to expand)

Part 11 - Drainage

Section 11.1. Design

11.1.1. General

11.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

11.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Drain leader means "a pipe that is installed to carry storm water from a roof to a storm building drain or sewer or other place of disposal” (British Columbia Plumbing Code, Division A, Part 1).
2. Flange-type drain means a primary roof drain with a flat, broad flange fabricated from the same material as the bowl and leader, and encompassing the perimeter of the drain bowl or, in the case of flat drains, the drain leader. Flange-style drains are not cast but rather are manufactured from components that are hot-welded. Flange-style drains are typically secured to the roof with mechanical fasteners.
3. Overflow drain ("Overflow") means a secondary roof drain that serves as a safeguard when roof drains fail. An overflow may be located in the roof field (for example, as a secondary drain) or at the perimeter of the roof.
4. Primary roof drain means the primary means of draining water from the roof.
5. Roof drain means “A fitting or device that is installed in the roof to permit storm water to discharge into a leader.” (British Columbia Plumbing Code, Division A, Part 1).
6. Scupper drain ("Scupper") means an open or closed roof drain that conveys water laterally from one roof area to another, or from the roof directly to the exterior of the building.
7. Secondary roof drain means an alternate drainage path in the event of large rain events or significant snow melt, typically situated at a higher elevation than a primary roof drain.

11.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

11.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Refer to 1.3.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee for general requirements, to qualify the project for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee.
All roof areas must be designed with overflow drains that are properly sized and spaced, in keeping with the building and plumbing codes having jurisdiction.
Only drains and overflows equipped with clamping rings, to secure roofing membranes, qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year RoofStar Guarantee. In the alternative, and when permitted by the membrane manufacturer, a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing may be used to terminate membranes at the drains. Application of this liquid membrane flashing must be in keeping with the Standards in 11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing.

11.1.3. General Requirements

11.1.3.1. Principles of Design

The Design Authority is responsible for the design of roof drainage:
1. The size (flow rate) of roof drains and overflows should be determined through the British Columbia Building Code and British Columbia Plumbing Code, with attention given to both average and large rainfall events. For rainfall capacities, refer to the British Columbia Building Code, Div. B, Appendix C, Table C-2 which lists rainfall loads using specific reference locations throughout the province.
2. Membrane gutters must be designed for their anticipated capacity, with consideration given to
  1. rainfall and snow load calculations for the building location.
  2. drain type, size and flow rate.
  3. size and placement of the overflow drain.
The Design Authority should coordinate the various disciplines (including, without limitation, mechanical (plumbing) and structural engineers) to calculate proper flow rates, head pressure and structural supports, in anticipation of significant, short-duration rain events. Consideration should be given to the following design elements (listed without limitation):
1. Roof slope – more slope theoretically increases drainage and lessens live loading from rainfall (see also 2.2 Roof Slope).
2. Rainfall rates for primary and overflow drainage.
3. Primary and overflow drain capacities.
4. Hydraulic head (pressure).
5. Location of drainage plane (relative to the top of the finished waterproofing system) – the location of the drainage plane may affect the determination of live loads, which should be accounted for as part of drainage design.
Roofs may drain off a roof edge or by means of internal plumbing. Both are permissible under the RoofStar Guarantee Program.
When a roof is designed to drain off an edge, water may drain freely or be collected by means of an external or built-in gutter (see Article 11.1.3.6) and drained onto a lower roof assembly. The membrane on the lower roof must be protected from abrasion with splash pads.
When roofs are designed to drain through internal plumbing, the following standards, guiding principles and recommendations apply.
1. Drain sumps should be incorporated into a roof design whenever possible, to increase head pressure above primary roof drains. Drain sumps should be designed at least 1m x 1m (39” x 39”) in size. The depth of a sump is a function of insulation thickness (see 7.1.2.10). Sumps designed with sloped insulation are strongly recommended.
2. Drain sump durability may be enhanced by specifying additional reinforcement around the perimeter, using a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing system.
All drains located at the water plane must be fully blocked above the supporting deck structure.
If a flow restrictor is present in an existing cast drain leader, the restrictor should be reinstalled.
Roofs that support overburden or are secured with ballast must be designed to incorporate a ballast guard that surrounds the drain and promotes unrestricted flow.

11.1.3.2. Roof Drain Function and Location

Roof drains must not be used as a conduit for other services, such as electrical. All other services must be designed to utilize separate penetration points with purpose-made penetration flashings and Guarantee-compliant detailing.
With the exception of overflows, scupper drains and membrane gutters, roof drains on new construction projects must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or wall. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
When existing roof drain and penetration locations do not comply with the Standards above, a Variance must be requested from the RoofStar Guarantee Program and accompanied by plan and detail drawings to show how the Guarantee Standards will be met by the design and construction.

11.1.3.3. Cast-iron Roof Drains

Only cast-iron roof drains, and existing external couplers used to connect drains to leaders, may be re-used for roof replacement projects. All flange-style drains, scuppers and overflows, together with internal drain-to-pipe compression seals, and seals exposed to water or ultraviolet light, must be replaced.
Drain extensions for cast-iron roof drains should be avoided, since the connection with the cast drain is not sealed; the result is a leak into the roof system.

11.1.3.4. Scuppers and Overflows

A scupper drain may serve either as a primary roof drain or as a secondary drain.
New and existing buildings should incorporate overflows to handle large rain events. The primary function of an overflow is to keep a roof from collapsing when primary roof drains are plugged or cannot drain heavy rainfall. Where no overflows are specified, the building structure should be designed to carry the total load of water collected on the roof, in the event of primary roof drain failure (refer to the British Columbia Building Code).
When overflows are specified, they must be
1. located
  1. no higher than 100 mm (4”) above the drainage plane.
  2. so that they freely and visibly discharge storm water.
2. protected with a ballast guard when the overflow is located below the top (“finished”) surface of a Protected Membrane Roof System.
3. designed with an opening sufficient in size to equal or exceed the rate of rainfall.
4. designed as open-wall scuppers for parapets measuring 150 mm (6”) or less in height.
5. designed around the principles of a through-wall scupper, for parapets higher than 150 mm (6”).
Overflows must incorporate a continuous flange surrounding the drain opening, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width, and may be manufactured from ferrous metals, subject to the material standards for metal found in this Manual.
Overflows are required to prevent water intrusion through low door or low window details. In these applications, the overflow must be installed at least 1” lower than the lowest elevation of the door or window opening.

11.1.3.5. Membrane Gutters

Only new membrane gutters adjoining roofs that carry a RoofStar Guarantee are eligible to be covered by the Guarantee.
New gutters shall be designed with a minimum width of 300 mm (12”) and a depth not exceeding the gutter’s width. At least 100 mm (4") clearance on the horizontal plane is required between any gutter wall and the
1. the edge of the drain bowl for spun drains.
2. the edge of the drain leader for flat spun or welded drains.
Only fully-adhered membranes or acceptable metal gutter liners may be used in built-in gutters.
Conventionally Insulated Systems that drain into a built-in gutter must, at the gutter edge, abut solid blocking that provides
1. a stop for the insulation assembly.
2. a solid substrate for the securement of flashings and membranes.
An overflow drain must be located at least
1. 100 mm (4”) above the primary gutter drain.
2. 25 mm (1”) below any mechanical fasteners used to secure the adjoining roof system.
To qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee, existing gutters should be redesigned if their capacity is undersized, but they must nevertheless incorporate an overflow drain in keeping with the standards in this Part. Where the primary drain in an existing gutter is undersized for the capacity of the gutter, the primary drain must be replaced with a properly sized drain.
When a built in membrane gutter adjoins a RoofStar-guaranteed water-shedding system, the gutter waterproofing must be constructed by the Contractor to be included by the RoofStar Guarantee (see Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS in any of the Standards for water-shedding systems).

Section 11.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

11.2.1. Material Properties

11.2.1.1. General Requirements

Only new drains and penetration flashings listed in this Manual may be used on a project designed and constructed to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee. Reuse of any existing drain (with the exception of serviceable cast iron drains) or any penetration flashing is prohibited and may void the Guarantee. See also 1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations.
Membranes used to flash (strip in) drains shall be reinforced with polyester or a composite scrim, but in any event must conform to the membrane requirements found in 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection.

11.2.1.2. Roof Drains and Scuppers

(See Note A-11.2.1.2.)

All flange-style drains must be manufactured with a hot-welded or seamless flange at least 100 mm (4”) wide when measured from the outer edge of the drain opening.
Cast-iron Roof Drains must be
1. designed and manufactured for roof application only; floor drains are not permissible.
2. supplied with a sump receiver and under-deck clamp.
3. installed by the trade supplying the roof drain.
Lead flashings, when specified, must be sized to extend past the drain bowl by at least 150 mm (6”), and must have a weight of at least 15 kg/m² (3 lb/ft²).
Internal flange-type roof drains must be
1. hot-welded at the joints between the bowl/flange and drain stem.
2. constructed of non-ferrous material:
  1. Copper drains for internal application shall be formed from a minimum weight of 24 oz. sheet copper (20-gauge; 0.812 mm or 0.032”).
  2. Aluminum drains for internal application shall be formed from a minimum of 12-gauge material (0.820 mm or 0.0325”).
External flange-type roof drains must be
1. hot-welded at the joints between the bowl/flange and drain stem.
2. constructed of non-ferrous material:
  1. Copper drains for external application shall be formed from a minimum weight of 16 oz. (24-gauge; 0.55 mm or 0.0216”).
  2. Aluminum drains for external application shall be formed from a minimum of 20-gauge material (0.812 mm or 0.032”).
Only mechanical compression type seals may be used to connect insert-type drains to internal drain leaders.
Scupper drains (open or closed) must be
1. manufactured with welded seams and joints.
2. fabricated from
  1. copper with a minimum weight of 16 oz. (24-gauge; 0.55 mm or 0.0216”).
  2. aluminum with a minimum thickness of 20-gauge (0.812 mm or 0.032”).
3. fabricated with a continuous flange surrounding the drain opening, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width.
4. designed to extend past the outside face of the wall.
Closed (boxed) scupper drains must be
1. fabricated from
  1. copper with a minimum weight of 16 oz. (0.55 mm or 0.0216”).
  2. aluminum with a minimum thickness of 20-gauge (0.812 mm or 0.032”).
2. fully enclosed on four sides, for through-wall applications.
3. fitted with an overflow opening at the outside face
  1. equal in capacity to the main drain leader opening.
  2. at least 38 mm (1 ½”) lower than the top surface of the scupper drain.
4. fabricated with a drip edge at the bottom outside edge of the drain to deflect overflow water away from the building.
Overflow drains must incorporate a continuous flange surrounding the drain opening, measuring at least 100 mm (4”) in width, and may be manufactured from ferrous metals, subject to the material standards for metal found in this Manual. Pipe-styled overflow drains must be welded at the flange.
All roof drains utilized in a roof assembly that includes gravel ballast or growing media (soil) must be supplied with the drain manufacturer's proprietary primary drain strainer and secondary stainless-steel ballast guard. In the absence of a proprietary ballast guard, a custom-fabricated guard may be used provided it meets the following requirements:
1. Fabricated from 20-gauge stainless-steel.
2. Incorporates 6 mm (1/4”) perforations.
3. Equal to or greater in height than the top of the finished waterproofing system.

11.2.1.3. Membrane Gutters

Only 2-ply modified bituminous membranes or reinforced PMMA are acceptable for this application:
1. 2-ply bituminous membranes must meet the minimum thickness requirements in 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection.
2. Reinforced PMMA liquid membrane systems approved for field use, applied on an accepted SBS-modified base membrane.
A metal gutter liner may be fabricated from
1. copper sheet material, incorporating soldered seams.
2. stainless steel, incorporating welded seams.

See Article 13.2.1.2 for metal gauge requirements. See also Section 3, Application, below.

11.2.1.4. Fasteners

Mechanical fasteners used to secure the roof membrane and penetration flashings or related accessories must be
1. properly sized in accordance with roof system securement requirements (see 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY).
2. self-drilling purpose-made screws having a deep-recessed head.

11.2.1.5. Sealants

Sealants must be manufactured by or acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
Compression sealants must be formulated to provide waterproofed seals under compressive loads.

Section 11.3. Application

11.3.1. Reserved

11.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

11.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Refer to 11.1.2.1 and 11.1.3.1 for requirements to qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee.
When a roof is replaced, all penetration flashings that do not utilize a fitted cap must be installed with clamped double storm collars that are fully sealed around the upper edge. For roofs on newly constructed buildings, the Contractor is responsible to supply and install a second storm collar around the penetration (the first collar is typically supplied and installed by others).
All electrical, gas and other services that penetrate the roof assembly must be protected against water intrusion with
1. proprietary flashings that are sealed into the roof system.
2. curbs fitted with a “weather head” hood sealed into the curb membrane flashing.
3. sealant pockets (used only where unavoidable) that
  1. comply with the requirements in 11.3.3.4 Sealant Pockets, and
  2. are at least 100 mm (4”) tall, or elevated the same distance above the water plane, when measured from the water plane to the top of the pocket.
Penetrations in Conventionally Insulated Systems must be flashed using either of the following Accepted materials:
1. Non-ferrous flashings.
2. Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents (in keeping with the requirements in 11.3.3.1 (12)), provided the flashings, when used at the water plane, are
  1. elevated on curbs, or
  2. coated with a reinforced catalyzed two-component liquid membrane, or with two cured applications of an accepted coating. In either case, the coating must cover the flashing surface at the membrane seal.

11.3.3. General Requirements

11.3.3.1. Condition and Suitability of Roof Drains

All clamping rings and strainers must be unbroken, properly seated and fully secured.

11.3.3.2. Location and Spacing of Roof Drains

(See also 11.1 Design)

With the exception of overflows, scupper drains and membrane gutters, roof drains for new construction projects must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or wall. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
Roof drains and cap membrane seams must be offset from each other at least 300 mm (12”), measured from the edge of the drain.

11.3.3.3. Drain Sumps

When a 2-part liquid membrane flashing is specified for reinforcement of drain sumps, the liquid membrane flashing must continuously cover the sides of the sump, overlapping both the sump bottom and the roof field by at least 100 mm (4”).

11.3.3.4. Roof Drain Inserts (Replacement Roofing)

All insert-type drains shall be connected to internal leaders using only mechanical compression type seals. “O”- rings, mastics and caulking are not acceptable methods for sealing these types of drains to leaders.
An external coupling is preferable to an internal mechanical compression seal, but when an internal compression seal is used out of necessity,
1. the joint must be properly prepared to ensure the joined surfaces are clean, smooth and uniform, and
2. honing out the cast pipe may be required.
When a cast-iron roof drain has deteriorated to the extent that it cannot receive a new roof membrane, installation must conform to the membrane manufacturer's published instructions, or to the following requirements, whichever are greater:
1. Remove any broken parts and debris.
2. Install the drain insert utilizing a compression seal (see Article 11.3.3.4.).
3. Follow the requirements set out in Article 11.3.5.1.

11.3.3.5. Liquid Membrane Flashing

Only a RoofStar-accepted reinforced two-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane flashing system may be used on the water plane to flash roof drains, scuppers, and overflows.

11.3.3.6. Drain Protection Against Blockage

When a roof supports overburden or is secured with ballast, drains must be installed together with a surrounding ballast guard that promotes water flow. This requirement is in addition to the requirement for a separation space required for Vegetated Roof Systems. See also 14.1.2.2.3 (6).

11.3.4. Cast-iron Roof Drains

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

11.3.4.1. All Applications

When cast-iron roof drains are used, a sump receiver and under-deck clamp must be provided and installed by the trade supplying the roof drain.
Drain extensions for cast-iron roof drains should be avoided.
Notwithstanding the above, if a flow restrictor is present in an existing cast drain leader, the restrictor should be reinstalled.
All cast-iron roof drains must be
1. flashed in accordance with the membrane manufacturer's published instructions, or to the standards published in this Part, whichever are greater.
2. new or clean, and the drain and clamping rings must be unbroken.

11.3.4.2. Cast-iron Drains Installed with Lead Flashing

The continuity of air and vapour control layers must be maintained, where the controls are specified.
All roof system components, including tapered insulation, must be cut to fit closely around the drain bowl and leader.
The drain flange must be clean and dry.
The base field membrane must
1. neatly fit around the outside edge of the cast drain flange.
2. be prepared to receive a coat of mastic. Follow the membrane manufacturer’s published instructions.
A membrane-compatible mastic must be applied to the field membrane, and to the drain flange.
The lead flashing must be centred over the drain body.
The lead flashing must extend inside drain bowl at least 25 mm (1"). Ensure the lead is moulded to conform to the contours of the drain bowl.
A reinforcement membrane patch of modified bituminous base sheet material 3 mm or more in thickness must be applied over the lead flashing and onto the field base membrane, ensuring a full bond between the two. The patch must be at least 1m x 1m (39” x 39”) and extend at least 150 mm (6”) past the outside edge of the lead flashing. Continuous visible bleed-out of bitumen around all edges of the patch should be achieved.
The cap field membrane must be installed according to the General standards for field membranes (See 9.1 General). The membrane must extend past the inside edge of the drain bowl.
The clamping ring must be seated and secured, ensuring it is not broken.
The drain screen must be securely installed.

11.3.4.3. Cast-iron Drains Installed with Membrane Flashing

The continuity of air and vapour control layers must be maintained, where the controls are specified.
All roof system components, including tapered insulation, must be cut to fit closely around the drain bowl and leader.
The drain flange must be clean and dry.
The base field membrane must be prepared to receive a reinforcement membrane patch. Follow the membrane manufacturer’s published instructions.
The drain flange must be primed with the membrane manufacturer’s accepted primer.
A reinforcement membrane patch of modified bituminous base sheet material 3 mm or more in thickness must be applied over the drain flange and onto the roof field. The patch must be at least 1m x 1m (39” x 39”) and extend at least 150 mm (6”) past the outside edge of the drain body. Continuous visible bleed-out of bitumen around all edges of the patch should be achieved.
The membrane patch must be trimmed to the inside edge of the drain bowl.
The cap field membrane must be installed according to the General standards for field membranes (See 9.1 General). The membrane must extend past the inside edge of the drain bowl.
The clamping ring must be seated and secured, ensuring it is not broken.
The drain screen must be securely installed.

11.3.5. Spun Roof Drains, Scuppers, and Overflows

(the General Requirements of this Section shall be read together with the following Article)

11.3.5.1. Flange-type Spun Roof Drains

Flange-type roof drains must be installed after the primary field base membrane has been fully installed.
The drain flange must be
1. embedded in a continuous trowelled bed of mastic, applied to a prepared compatible base membrane.
2. secured to the supporting deck structure or intermediate blocking. Mechanical fasteners used for this purpose must be self-drilling purpose-made screws having a deep-recessed head.
Drain flanges must be pre-primed before installation of the reinforcement membrane patch.
All flange-type drains must be sealed to the field base membrane with a reinforcement membrane patch 3 mm or more in thickness, cut large enough to extend past the drain flange by at least 150 mm (6”), and sealed onto the flange and the field base membrane.
The membrane patch must be cut to terminate on the flange, and must be aligned with the base field membrane runs, or oriented 45-degrees to the base field membrane. Continuous visible bleed-out of bitumen along all edges of the patch should be achieved.
The cap membrane must overlap the base membrane patch, and terminate on the flange at the bowl.

11.3.5.2. Scuppers and Overflows

Open scupper drains may be constructed to match the height of the parapet or roof edge, and must be fully sealed with the field and perimeter membrane flashing.
When a through-wall scupper is specified, only fully enclosed scupper drains (enclosed on all sides and open only at the inflow and outflow ends) may be installed.
Scuppers and overflows that are installed through walls may be installed no closer than 200 mm (8") to
1. a roof drain.
2. any protrusion and its flashing.
Scuppers and overflows must be
1. cleaned and prepared to receive membrane flashing (refer to the membrane manufacturer’s published requirements).
2. embedded in a layer of trowelled membrane-compatible mastic.
3. primed on exposed flanges to receive membrane flashing.
4. secured to the wall. Mechanical fasteners used for this purpose must be self-drilling purpose-made screws having a deep-recessed head.
5. sealed to the roof system with membrane flashing plies that overlap the flanges at least 100 mm (4”), and extend onto the surrounding field or perimeter base membrane by at least 150 mm (6").
6. flashed with cap membrane that overlaps the base and terminates on the flange.
Clamping collars must be securely installed as designed and where specified.

11.3.6. Built-in Gutters

(the General Requirements of Subsection 11.3.2 shall be read together with the following Articles)

11.3.6.1. Membrane Gutters

All gutter membranes must be installed according to the membrane manufacturer’s published instructions.
Gutter membranes must be
1. installed perpendicular to the gutter length.
2. carried up an adjoining water-shedding systems (measured vertically from the maximum water level)
  1. at least 150 mm (6”), or
  2. at least 300 mm (12”) in regions with typical heavy snow.
3. lapped under and sealed to the adjoining membranes at least 150 mm (6”).
4. installed in keeping with application requirements in this Standard.
Gutter membranes must be mechanically secured at their terminations, both on the outside of the gutter edge and on the field:
1. Fasteners securing the membrane on the field must be placed at least 150 mm (6”) above the maximum water level.
2. Securement fastener spacing shall be no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
Gutter drains and overflows must be installed in keeping with the requirements in Design above. Drain flanges that are bent to accommodate the side walls of the gutter must be mechanically fastened to the gutter wall before membrane application. Refer to the requirements for roof drains in any of the Standards for waterproofing systems.

11.3.6.2. Metal Gutter Liners

A metal gutter liner
1. fabricated from copper sheet material must incorporate soldered seams.
2. fabricated from stainless steel must incorporate welded seams.
3. must be installed
  1. over an adhered single ply membrane no less than 2.3 mm (bituminous membranes) or 60 mils (non-bituminous membranes).
  2. with a slip sheet between the membrane and the metal liner to prevent damage to the membrane caused by the liner at its joints.

11.3.6.3. Connection to Adjoining Water-shedding System

When an adjoining water-shedding system is insulated (typically ASM only), the transition from gutter to the water-shedding system may require the use of tapered insulation incorporating a drainage plane between layers of tapered insulation. See Construction Detail ASM 12.1.2 Built-in Gutter Assembly for an illustrated example.

Part 12 - Penetrations and Curbs

Section 12.1. Design

12.1.1. General

12.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

12.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary.

12.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of Subsection 12.1.3 shall be read together with the following Article)

12.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Refer to 1.3.1 RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee for general requirements, to qualify the Project for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee.
When a roof is replaced, all penetration flashings that do not utilize a fitted cap must be installed with clamped double storm collars that are fully sealed around the upper edge. For roofs on newly constructed buildings, the Contractor is responsible to supply and install a second storm collar around the penetration (the first collar is typically supplied and installed by others).
All electrical, gas and other services that penetrate the roof system must be protected against water intrusion with
1. proprietary flashings that are sealed into the roof system.
2. curbs fitted with a “weather head” hood sealed into the curb membrane flashing.
3. sealant pockets (used only where unavoidable) that comply with the RoofStar 15-year Guarantee Standards found in 11.3 Application.
Penetrations in Conventionally Insulated Systems must use either of the following:
1. Non-ferrous flashings.
2. Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents (in keeping with the requirements in 11.3.3.1 (10)), provided the flashings, when used at the water plane, are
  1. elevated on curbs, or
  2. coated with a reinforced catalyzed two-component liquid membrane, or
  3. coated with two cured applications of an accepted coating.

12.1.3. General Requirements

12.1.3.1. All Penetrations

Roof openings must be enclosed and sealed
1. with curbs.
2. penetration flashings.
Roof penetration flashings must be
1. new.
2. suitable for only one penetration.
3. properly fitted to form a seal around the penetration.
Where a standard flashing is not tall enough to enclose and seal the penetration, the joint between the penetration and the flashing must be sealed with alternative methods.
Single or multiple penetrations may not be flashed with an open-topped flashing filled with sealant, but must be sealed into the roof system with one of the following options:
1. Electrical cable penetrations must utilize a gooseneck-type flashing with a weather hood.
2. Pipe-type penetrations must be sealed with
  1. the manufacturer’s proprietary rubber-based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design.
  2. a 2-part site-fabricated or proprietary flashing with a removable inspection/access cap (see Construction Detail SBS 11.3.3.3-2).
  3. Roof curbs and customized metal hoods.
Aluminum or copper flashings for penetrations may be located at the water plane in any assembly type.

12.1.3.2. Galvanized Penetration Flashings

Galvanized flashings and vents
1. are permitted on Uninsulated Systems or Conventionally Insulated Systems, provided
  1. the base is coated (see 11.3.3.1 (12)).
  2. the penetration opening does not exceed 0.126 m² (196 in.²).
2. are not permitted at the water plane in a Protected Membrane Roof System or Modified Protected Membrane Roof System. Instead, the penetration must be enclosed by a curb measuring at least 200 mm (8") in height above the finished waterproofing system; the galvanized or welded flashing may then be installed and flashed in on top of the curb.
3. larger than 0.126 m² (196 in.²) must be enclosed or supported by a curb.

12.1.3.3. Separation Between Penetration Flashings

Penetration flashings for new construction projects must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or wall. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
When existing penetration locations do not comply with the requirements above, a Variance must be requested from the RoofStar Guarantee Program and accompanied by plan and detail drawings to show how the Guarantee Standards will be met by the design and construction.

12.1.3.4. Curbs, Sleepers, and Housekeeping Pads

Curbs must be designed so that they can be secured directly to the deck structure, or to intermediate blocking. Curbs must not be situated on top of the roof system.
Sleepers or equipment pads that are completely sealed (enveloped) must be at least 100 mm (4") in height above the finished waterproofing system, but when they are capped with a metal flashing they must be at least 125 mm (5") in height. All penetrations through the top surface of a sleeper or equipment pad must be additionally sealed using
1. a compression sealant between the membrane and equipment supports.
2. a universal sealant applied around the edges of equipment supports.
Housekeeping pads situated on top of the finished roof surface and supporting a combined load less than 90 kg (200 lbs) must be separated from the roof with a bond-breaking layer (i.e. XPS insulation). Housekeeping pads supporting larger loads must conform to the standards for sleepers or equipment pads.
Except where fully enveloped sleepers are incorporated in the design, all membrane flashing (stripping) must extend vertically on perimeter surfaces at least 200 mm (8") above the roof field membrane, to permit a proper watertight seal. Where pavers, ballast, growing media or any other types of overburden are designed for placement on top of the field membrane, both membrane flashing and purpose-made penetration flashings must be carried vertically past the finished waterproofing system at least 200 mm (8”). see 11.1.2.1 Drainage; see also 11.3.2.5 Scuppers and Overflows).
Reinforced liquid membrane flashing systems may be specified only where
1. sheet membrane applications are not practicable (i.e. complex geometry).
2. the top edge of membrane plies must be terminated on a vertical surface and other means of termination are not practicable or even possible.

12.1.3.5. Protection of Roof Membranes

When mechanical equipment that is ventilated on the roof extracts and discharges grease, chemicals or other contaminants that may adversely impact the roof membrane or other system components, the Design Authority should specify additional protection measures (for example, grease guards or a reinforced 2-part liquid membrane coating).

12.1.3.6. Railings, Ladders, and Other Attached Structures

Guardrails should be designed for attachment on vertical surfaces only; attachment of guardrails to a horizontal surface is strongly discouraged.
Pourable sealant pockets should be used only as a last resort when other flashing methods are impractical. See also 11.3.3.4 Sealant Pockets for Application requirements.

Section 12.2. Materials

(See Division C: Accepted Materials)

12.2.1. Material Properties

12.2.1.1. Membranes Used for Flashing

Membranes used to flash (strip in) penetrations and curbs shall be reinforced with polyester or a composite scrim, but in any event must conform to the membrane requirements found in 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection.

12.2.1.2. Penetration Flashings

All membrane-flashed roof penetration flashings for cylindrical penetrations must be manufactured with materials and methods that meet or exceed the requirements set out in CSA B272, Prefabricated Self-Sealing Roof Vent Flashings. Testing by a qualified third party is required to verify compliance with this requirement.
Notwithstanding the above, all penetration flashings must be
1. watertight and seamless or, in the alternative, fabricated with fully hot-welded joints.
2. at least 8" in height, from the flange to the opening or top of the flashing.
3. fabricated with a hot-welded or seamless flange at least 100 mm (4") wide, around the bottom of the flashing.
4. fabricated with a tightly-fitted or mechanically attached settlement cap or lid (if so required).
All plumbing vent flashings shall be non-ferrous.
Galvanized flashings and vents must
1. meet or exceed the CSA A93 Standard.
2. be made with material no less than 26-gauge galvanized steel conforming to the metal standards found in Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS of this Standard.
Single or multiple penetrations may not be flashed with an open-topped flashing filled with sealant, but must be sealed into the roof assembly with one of the following options:
1. Electrical cable penetrations must utilize a gooseneck-type flashing with a weather hood.
2. Pipe-type penetrations must be sealed with
  1. the manufacturer’s proprietary rubber based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design.
  2. A 2-part site-fabricated or proprietary flashing with a removable inspection/access cap (see Construction Detail SBS 11.3.3.3-2 Penetration Flashings (two-part cable)).
  3. Roof curbs and customized metal hoods.
  4. 2-component fleece-reinforced liquid membrane flashing as described in 11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing.
Penetration flashings should be selected for their ability to inhibit the intrusion of vermin and insects into the roof assembly and building interior.

Section 12.3. Application

12.3.1. Reserved

12.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of Subsection 12.3.2 shall be read together with the following Article)

12.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Refer to Article 12.2.3.1., together with Article 12.3.3.1. for requirements to qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee.
When a roof is replaced, all penetration flashings that do not utilize a fitted cap must be installed with clamped double storm collars that are fully sealed around the upper edge. For roofs on newly constructed buildings, the Contractor is responsible to supply and install a second storm collar around the penetration (the first collar is typically supplied and installed by others).
All electrical, gas and other services that penetrate the roof assembly must be protected against water intrusion with
1. proprietary flashings that are sealed into the roof system.
2. curbs fitted with a “weather head” hood sealed into the curb membrane flashing.
3. sealant pockets (used only where unavoidable) that
  1. comply with the requirements in Article 1.2.3.3.7., and
  2. are at least 100 mm (4”) tall, or elevated the same distance above the water plane, when measured from the water plane to the top of the pocket.
Penetrations in Conventionally Insulated Systems must be flashed using either of the following Accepted materials:
1. Non-ferrous flashings.
2. Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents (in keeping with the requirements in Article 12.3.3.2.), provided the flashings, when used at the water plane, are
  1. elevated on curbs, or
  2. coated with a reinforced catalyzed two-component liquid membrane, or with two cured applications of an accepted coating. In either case, the coating must cover the flashing surface at the membrane seal.

12.3.3. General Requirements

12.3.3.1. All Penetrations

All penetration flashings must be new.
Roof openings must be enclosed and sealed with
1. curbs, or
2. penetration flashings.
Reinforced liquid membrane flashing systems may be specified only where
1. sheet membrane applications are not practicable (i.e. complex geometry).
2. the top edge of membrane plies must be terminated on a vertical surface and other means of termination are not practicable or even possible.
Penetration flashings for new construction projects must be located at least 300 mm (12”) away from any adjacent drain, penetration, upstand, edge or wall. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
When a pipe-type penetration is flashed with a cylindrical or conical purpose-made metal flashing that does not incorporate a fitted cap, the penetration must be protected immediately above the exposed top of the flashing with at least one properly fitted, level storm collar. All storm collars must be sealed at the top edge with an acceptable sealant.

This Standard applies to B-vent penetrations also.
Non-ferrous penetration flashings and vents may be located at the water plane in any assembly type. The use of lead jack flashings is not permitted for use with torch-applied membranes.
Flashings with flanges must be installed after the field base membrane and
1. embedded in mastic.
2. securely fastened to the supporting deck structure or intermediate blocking.
3. sealed to the base field membrane with a target patch that is
  1. cut from a base membrane.
  2. a single piece or, when the penetration is large, two pieces that must be joined with laps at least 150 mm (6”) in width.
  3. applied to a primed flashing flange.
  4. extending
    1. to the base of the flashing upstand.
    2. onto the roof field, by at least 100 mm (4”).
  5. aligned with the base field membrane runs, or oriented 45-degrees to the base field membrane.
4. covered with cap membrane that terminates on the water plane at the base of a penetration flashing, and is sealed along the cut edge of the membrane with
  1. a compatible mastic embedded with granules.
  2. a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing, applied in keeping with the standards found in 10.3.8 Liquid Membrane Flashing and 11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing.
5. should show continuous visible bleed-out of bitumen along all edges of the patch.
Roof penetration flashings used for a single penetration must
1. be suitable for only one penetration.
2. be properly fitted to form or permit a seal around the penetration.
3. incorporate properly fitted settlement caps (where applicable).
4. not be used with multiple pipe roof penetrations.
Multiple or flexible penetrations may not be flashed with an open-topped flashing filled with sealant, but must be sealed into the roof assembly with one of the following options:
1. Electrical cable penetrations
  1. must pass through a gooseneck-type flashing with a weather hood.
  2. should be drooped to prevent water ingress through the flashing.
2. Pipe-type penetrations must be sealed with
  1. the manufacturer’s proprietary rubber based friction seals, mechanical clamps or gooseneck type design.
  2. a 2-part site-fabricated or proprietary flashing with a removable inspection/access cap.
  3. roof curbs and customized metal hoods.
  4. 2-component fleece-reinforced liquid membrane flashing as described in 11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing.
Where a purpose-made flashing does not fit the penetration, the joint between the penetration and the flashing must be sealed using one of the following methods:
1. using a site-formed non-bituminous flexible roof membrane storm collar, which is
  1. fashioned from semi-cured EPDM or its equivalent.
  2. installed free of wrinkles or fish-mouths.
  3. fully wrapped around the penetration and flashing and installed so that the membrane overlaps both the penetration and the flashing at least 50 mm (2").
  4. loosely wrapped around the penetration at least 1 ½ times or adhered to itself and overlapped at least 50 mm (2").
  5. clamped both at the top and at the bottom with stainless steel clamps set back from the membrane edge no more than 6.35 mm (1/4").
2. with a heat-shrink wrapped membrane termination
  1. extending 50 mm (2”) onto both the penetration and the flashing.
  2. secured with a stainless-steel mechanical compression strap.

See Figure 11.3.3.1-1 below for an illustration of these requirements.

**Figure 11.3.3.1-1** (Click to expand)

12.3.3.2. Galvanized Penetration Flashings

Galvanized, hot-welded flashings and vents may be installed on
1. Uninsulated Systems or Conventionally Insulated Systems, provided the vents
  1. measure no more than 350 mm x 350 mm (14" x 14") in size, equal to approximately 0.12 meter squared (196 in.²) (Larger vents must be installed on curbs).
  2. are not located in or near a valley and are well drained.
2. slopes less than 1:50 (1/4” in 12”), provided the vents are coated on all surfaces to a point at least 100 mm (4") above the finished waterproofing system. The coating must be
  1. an Accepted Material listed in this Manual and must be acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
  2. applied evenly and with straight lines and must coat the penetration flashing at the membrane seal. Two cured coats are recommended for enhanced durability but are required for the RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee.
  3. Protected Membrane Roof Systems or Modified Protected Membrane Roof Systems, provided the vents are mounted on membrane-flashed curbs.

12.3.3.3. Curbs, Sleepers, and Housekeeping Pads

Curbs and penetration flashings must extend at least 200 mm (8”) above the finished waterproofing system. Waterproofing of equipment installed on a curb is the responsibility of others.
Membrane that terminates on any vertical surface must be secured to the vertical substrate by the Contractor.
Curbs:
1. Membrane flashing terminating on any vertical surface must be secured to the vertical substrate by the Contractor. Exposed membrane edges must also be protected from UV radiation, and from water intrusion, using a counterflashing or options described in 10.3.1 (9).
2. Membrane base flashing plies must lap onto the field base membrane by at least 100 mm (4"), or extend at least 50 mm (2") past perimeter mechanical fastener plates installed on the field, whichever is greater.
3. Membrane cap flashing plies must lap onto the field cap membrane at least 50 mm (2") past the end of base membrane flashing plies.
Reinforced liquid membrane flashing systems may be employed only
1. where sheet membrane applications are not practicable, and
2. where the top edge of membrane plies must be terminated on a vertical surface and other means of termination are not practicable or even possible.

12.3.3.4. Alternative Membrane Flashing Approaches

When field membranes or flashing plies are heat-welded, or if required by construction sequencing, site personnel must assess the best approach.
The project design and installation may incorporate one or more of the following alternatives to conventional membrane flashing methods:
1. Curbs – see 10.3.4 Alternative Approaches to Membrane Flashing for two optional methods.
2. Other Penetrations:
  1. Before installing the base field membrane, a self-adhering or adhesive-applied base membrane flashing (“pre-flashing”), measuring at least 1m x 1m (39” x 39”), must be installed and centered around the penetration, on a suitable roof field substrate. The pre-flashing membrane must be cut to fit tightly around the penetration flashing.
  2. The base field membrane, which may be torch-applied, must be installed and tied into the pre-flashing (target patch), overlapping the patch by at least 150 mm (6”).
  3. The application standards for flashings with flanges must then be followed (see 11.3.3.1 General).

12.3.3.5. Liquid Membrane Flashing

A RoofStar-accepted reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane flashing system may be used
1. on the water plane.
2. where sheet membrane flashing may not be practical or even possible.
3. to terminate the top edge of sheet membrane flashing.
4. for membrane reinforcement, i.e. at drain sump edges.
5. where abrasion resistance is desirable.
6. where resistance to membrane contamination is necessary.
A RoofStar-accepted polyurethane and silicon-based single-component liquid membrane flashing system
1. must be applied in two cured coats, unless otherwise permitted in this Standard.
2. must be acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.
3. may be used
  1. to coat galvanized flashings used in the water plane, provided the application follows the standards published in 11.3.3.1(10).
  2. to flash details more than 100 mm (4”) above the water plane, that cannot be sealed with sheet-type membranes.
  3. seal pre-curb dowels (see 14.1.2.3).
4. must be fleece-reinforced between coats where
  1. a change in plane (angle) occurs.
  2. there is a joint between two supports and the liquid membrane must serve as a bridge.
5. may not be used to terminate membranes, seal hard-flash penetrations at the water plane, or reinforce membranes against abrasion.
Accessory PMMA detailers must be reinforced with chopped or loose fibres, and
1. may not be used as a substitute for fleece-reinforced 2-component PMMA systems, where these are required or exclusively permitted.
2. must be used at locations 100 mm (4”) or more above the water plane, but these limitations and requirements do not apply to details at the water plane, such as bolt heads, that cannot be properly sealed with a fleece-reinforced 2-component PMMA system.
3. must not be used where movement is expected.
The following standards pertain to the application of RoofStar-accepted reinforced 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) liquid membrane flashing systems:
1. Use only liquid membrane flashings that are compatible with the primary membrane.
2. Ensure proper preparation of the substrate, which must be clean, dry and free of contaminants. Preparation must follow the published procedures published by the flashing manufacturer.
3. Liquid membranes must be applied with clean, straight, plumb edges. Therefore, mask the boundaries of areas to which liquid membrane will be applied, ensuring adequate coverage on all surfaces.
4. For all applications,
  1. prime the substrate above the sheet membrane flashing, as directed by the manufacturer of the 2-part liquid membrane flashing system.
  2. apply a base layer of catalyzed liquid membrane resin within the area masked for coverage.
  3. reinforce the base coating with the manufacturer’s fleece and cut the fleece to size so that the fleece is set in from the masked area no more than 3 mm (1/8”).
  4. ensure the fleece is fully saturated with the liquid membrane, following the published instructions from the manufacturer.
  5. coat the fleece with a second application of catalyzed liquid membrane resin, covering the masked area.
5. On vertical membrane terminations, apply the liquid membrane to provide no less than 50 mm (2") coverage, both above and below the sheet membrane termination.
6. For use as a substitute for sheet membrane flashing, the reinforced liquid membrane flashing system must extend 200 mm (8”) both vertically and onto the field membrane.
7. Application rates and guidelines issued by the manufacturer of the liquid membrane flashing product must be followed, unless superseded by these Standards.

See Figure 11.3.3.3-1 for an illustration of these standards.

**Figure 11.3.3.3-1** (Click to expand)

12.3.3.6. Railings, Ladders, and Other Attached Structures

Guardrails should be installed only on vertical surfaces; attachment of guardrails to a horizontal surface is strongly discouraged.
Where guardrails are fastened through the top of copings, the base of the guardrail shall be flashed with a compatible reinforced membrane flashing material, applied according to the primary membrane flashing manufacturer’s specifications.
Guardrails shall not direct water into a roof system by means of weep holes or the method of fastening, and mounts and flashings shall be installed at least 87.7 mm (3 ½”) above the roof surface, but in any event, a written Variance must be requested from the Guarantor.

For reference, see Construction Detail SBS 12.3.6 Guardrails.

12.3.3.7. Sealant Pockets

Sealing penetration flashings with sheet membranes or reinforced liquid membrane flashing should be considered impractical before pourable sealant pockets are used.
When pourable sealant pockets are considered the last resort to seal a penetration,
1. the penetration surfaces must be properly prepared following the sealant manufacturer’s instructions, to ensure a good bond between the penetration and the sealant.
2. sealant pockets must be
  1. at least 50 mm (2”) deep.
  2. large enough to provide at least 25 mm (1”) of fillable space on all sides of the penetration.
  3. crowned with sealant to shed water.
3. only the membrane manufacturer’s approved proprietary UV-stable urethane-based structural sealants may be used to fill sealant pockets.
4. sealant pockets must be sealed to the roof membrane.
5. a site-formed non-bituminous flexible roof membrane storm collar must be fitted and secured to the penetration with stainless steel clamps.

Part 13 - Linear Metal Flashings

Section 13.1. Design

13.1.1. General

13.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

13.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Linear metal flashing means a metal flashing fashioned from sheet metal, affixed to the roof assembly and designed to divert water away from the membrane flashing termination, usually onto the roof. Linear metal flashings also protect the membrane from weathering and damage, and provide an aesthetic finish to the roof system.

13.1.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of Subsection 13.1.3 shall be read together with the following Article)

13.1.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

Only linear metal flashings fabricated from 24-guage stock (or thicker) qualify for a RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee.

13.1.3. General Requirements

13.1.3.1. Scope and Function

(See also the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA), which publishes a reliable reference for the proper design and installation of architectural sheet metal)

Linear metal flashings are not a waterproofing component, and therefore the roofing membrane must be continuous beneath the metal (see membrane flashing requirements under Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS and Part 12 PENETRATIONS and CURBS).
Linear metal flashings, which include without limitation,
1. Coping (cap) flashing,
2. Counter-flashing,
3. Base flashing,
4. Fascia flashing, and
5. Perimeter edge flashing (similar to a “gravel stop” flashing),
shall be Contractor-fabricated to suit the project requirements, or selected from a RoofStar-accepted pre-engineered metal supplier.
The requirements in this Part apply almost entirely to Contractor-fabricated linear metal flashings; consequently, RoofStar-accepted pre-engineered products accepted as systems are exempt from the requirements in this Part for metal gauge, profile, securement, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Linear metal flashings described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a project designed and constructed to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee, and therefore only new linear metal flashings may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing linear metal flashings is prohibited and may void the Guarantee. See also 1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations.
Membranes that are UV-sensitive must be protected with linear metal flashings but they are not required when the membrane is continuously sealed and otherwise protected from UV radiation (as, for example, sleepers enveloped with a UV-resistant or granule-surfaced membrane).
All exposed membrane edges must be protected with metal flashings or a 2-component reinforced liquid flashing conforming to 11.3.3.3 Liquid Membrane Flashing.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Design Authority may specify linear metal flashings to cover parapet caps, sleepers or curbs
1. for aesthetic reasons, or
2. to protect the membrane from damage resulting from maintenance, pressure washing of decks or pavers, or foot traffic.

13.1.3.2. Information Required in Specifications

Subject to the requirements in this Standard, the Design Authority must specify
1. metal type, finish and gauge,
2. seam types,
3. length of flashings (if different from the requirements outlined below), and
4. method of attachment (concealed or exposed fasteners).
Design drawings must detail metal flashing profiles desired for the project; keep metal flashings away from the water plane or standing water by at least 25 mm (1”).

13.1.3.3. Securement

Linear metal flashings specified for the termination of membrane flashing on vertical surfaces shall be secured in keeping with the requirements in Article 10.3.2.2.
Regardless of the type of linear metal flashing, all flashing fasteners must be installed at least 87.7 mm (3 ½") above the finished waterproofing system.
Canted edge metal flashings may be mechanically fastened from the outside face.
Linear metal flashings specified for parapet copings must be secured against wind uplift,
1. beneath the outside vertical face of the flashing, using concealed (continuous or discontinuous)clips.
2. beneath the inside vertical face of the flashing, using either concealed clips or acceptable cladding fasteners.
See the application requirements in Article 13.3.2.2.
Specified hidden metal clips must
1. be at least 24-gauge,
2. be fastened as close to the bottom edge (hook) as practical but must not be fastened further than a maximum of 75 mm (3") from the bottom edge (hook), and
3. engage drip or safety edges by a minimum of 12 mm (½").

13.1.3.4. Gauge, Dimension Limitations, and Seams

Galvanized steel linear metal flashings (pre-finished or otherwise) must be fabricated from stock no less than 26-Gauge.

As length and breadth of metal cap (coping) flashings increases, it is necessary to adjust the gauge and length of flashing segments to counteract anticipated distortions. Each type of metal will behave differently. Pre-finished galvanized steel (the most commonly used material for linear metal flashings) may not exceed 3000 mm (120”) in length when stiffeners or cross-breaking are not used to counter-act oil canning; this limit may be exceeded by pre-engineered metal flashing systems. The Design Authority must specify slope, gauge and length using the requirements in the table below:

Table 13.1 Pre-finished Galvanized Steel Cap (Coping) Flashing (Gauge and Length Standards)
Horizontal Span	Minimum Slope	Gauge	Maximum Flashing Segment Length	Seam Options
Up to 300 mm (12")	2%	26, 24	3000 mm (10')	S-lock or Standing Seam
Up to 300 mm (12")	2%	22+	3000 mm (10')	Butt Seams*
300 - 900 mm (12" to 36")	4%	24	3000 mm (10')	S-lock or Standing Seam
300 - 900 mm (12" to 36")	4%	22+	3000 mm (10')	Butt Seams*
900 mm or greater	6%	24	1200 mm (4')	S-lock or Standing Seam
900 mm or greater	6%	22+	1200 mm (4')	Butt Seams*

* Refer to 13.3.3 Seams

To minimize oil-canning of metal flashings attached vertically, without the use of stiffener ribs or cross-breaking, the following standards apply to pre-finished galvanized steel, which is the most commonly used material for metal flashings. The Design Authority should specify slope, gauge and length using the standards in the table below:

Table 13.2 Pre-finished Galvanized Steel Vertical Flashing (Gauge and Length Standards)
Vertical Face	Gauge	Maximum Flashing Segment Length	Vertical Seam Options
Up to 150 mm (6")	26	3000 mm (10')	S-lock
Up to 200 mm (8")	24	3000 mm (10')	S-lock
Up to 300 mm (12")	22+	3000 mm (10')	Butt Seams*

* Refer to 13.3.3 Seams

When flat butt seams are specified (as permitted by these standards), their design and material requirements must conform to the Application requirements in 13.3.4 (9).

13.1.3.5. Fit and Finish

Drip edges are not required, but strongly recommended for linear metal flashings around the outside perimeter of a building, in order to protect wall finishes, and when drip edges are used they must extend at least 12 mm (1/2”) from the vertical face.
All linear metal flashings, regardless of their profile or application, must be specified with hemmed edges.

13.1.3.6. Cap, Counter, and Base Metal Flashings

When the top surface of a wall exceeds 100 mm (4") in width, it must be sloped to promote drainage; slope the top surface at least 2% toward the roof. Drainage toward the exterior of a building is not recommended.
All metal cap (coping) flashings must be fully supported.

13.1.3.7. Intersections with Other Assemblies

Where a parapet intersects with a wall, water must be directed to the outer surface of the wall by flashing the union with
1. membrane flashing.
2. membrane gussets at the corners.
3. a metal saddle assembly.

Section 13.2. Materials

13.2.1. Material Properties

13.2.1.1. Manufacturing and Supply

Linear metal flashings must be new, manufactured and supplied by the Contractor or by an Associate Member of the RCABC, and must conform to the requirements published in this Part. See also Article 1.2.1.2, Limitations and Exclusions of Guarantee, of Part 3 in Division A in this Manual.

13.2.1.2. Sheet Metal Grade and Gauge

A mill certificate must be provided by the Contractor when requested by the Design Authority.
The following minimum gauges and / or weights of commonly used metals or alloys are acceptable for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program.

GALVANIZED STEEL: minimum 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26-gauge) galvanized steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A653 / A653M-06 CS Type B, Z275 (G90) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ASTM A924/A924M-06 ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").

ALUMINUM – ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL: minimum 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26-gauge) aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A792/A792M-06 CS Type B, AZM150 (AZ50) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ASTM A924/A924M-06 ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").

ALUMINUM: minimum 0.80 mm (0.032", 20-gauge) aluminum sheet, utility quality to CSA HA Series - 1975, plain or embossed finish. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.06 mm (0.0025") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.

STAINLESS STEEL: minimum 0.38 mm (0.014", 28-gauge) stainless steel, Type 302, 304, 316, 2B finish to ASTM A167-82. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.04 mm (0.0015") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.

COPPER: minimum 0.56 mm (24-gauge; 0.0216", 16 oz.) copper sheet, cold rolled roofing copper to ASTM B370-81. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.09 mm (0.0035") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.

ZINC: minimum 0.80 mm (0.031") zinc Sheet conforming to European standard EN 988-1996. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.03 mm (0.0012").

Specifying authorities should indicate the type and gauge of metal required, as well as the qualifying standards. The reference standard for gauges is USS REV (metric in mm).

13.2.1.3. Pre-painted Finishes

When a painted finish on linear metal flashings is specified, only SMP and PVDF pre-painted finishes are acceptable. Where Architectural Metal Roofing is installed, adjoining linear metal flashings must have the same finish as the metal panels.

13.2.1.4. Fasteners

All fasteners used to secure metal flashings must be No. 8 corrosion-resistant screw or expansion fastener with a low-profile head and must be compatible with both the metal flashing material and the substrate. When pre-engineered linear metal flashing systems are specified, use the fasteners provided by the manufacturer.
Cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers, used as exposed fasteners for linear metal flashings, must be No. 8 or larger, and must be made of metal compatible with, and corresponding in colour to, the flashing material.
Blind rivets are acceptable for securing two linear metal flashings together.
Nails are not acceptable as fasteners.

13.2.1.5. Sealants

Sealants shall be
1. non-hardening high quality butyl or polyurethane.
2. available in either gun grade or sealant tape form.
3. suitable for exterior use and able to resist the effects of weathering.
4. compatible with, and able to adhere to, the materials to which they are applied.
Sealants shall conform to any one of the following:
1. CGSB 19-GP-5M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Acrylic Base, Solvent Curing”.
2. CAN / CGSB-19.13, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Elastomeric, Chemical Curing”.
3. CGSB 19-GP-14M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Butyl-Polyisobutylene Polymer Base, Solvent Curing”.
4. CAN / CGSB-19.24, “Multi-Component, Chemical Curing Sealing Compound”.

Section 13.3. Application

13.3.1. Reserved

13.3.2. Special Requirements

(the General Requirements of Subsection 13.3.2 shall be read together with the following Article)

13.3.2.1. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

1) All galvanized steel linear metal flashings must be fabricated from 24-guage stock (or thicker).

13.3.3. General Requirements

13.3.3.1. Fabrication

Unless expressly accepted otherwise, the following requirements apply to Contractor-fabricated linear metal flashings:
1. Drip edges are not required, but strongly recommended for flashings around the outside perimeter of a building, in order to protect wall finishes, and when drip edges are fabricated they must extend at least 12 mm (1/2”) from the vertical face.
2. All linear metal flashings, regardless of their profile or application,
  1. must be hemmed.
  2. may not exceed the maximum length of 3000 mm (120”); this limitation does not apply to RoofStar-accepted pre-engineered linear metal flashings.
3. The vertical face of cap or counter-flashings must drop vertically at least 62 mm (2 ½”), not including the drip or hemmed edge.
4. Metal edge flashings must be fabricated with a
  1. flange measuring no less than 100 mm (4") in width.
  2. vertical drop and hemmed drip edge at least 50 mm (2").
  3. sloped drop (for transitions to lower water-shedding systems) of no less than 100 mm (4").
5. Metal edge flashings may be constructed with or without an upstand at the outside edge. Linear metal flashings designed for a draining roof edge may perform best without an upstand (for example, when transitioning to a lower water-shedding system).

13.3.3.2. Securement

Unless otherwise provided for in these standards, mechanical fasteners used to secure linear metal flashings shall be spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C. RoofStar-accepted pre-engineered securement systems must be installed according to the manufacturer’s specifications.
Screw fasteners must penetrate the substrate a minimum of 19 mm (3/4”).
Regardless of the type of linear metal flashing, all flashing fasteners must be installed at least 87.7 mm (3 ½") above the finished waterproofing system.
Canted edge metal flashings may be mechanically fastened from the outside face.
Hidden metal clips must
1. be at least 24-gauge .
2. be fastened as close to the bottom edge (hook) as practical but must not be fastened further than a maximum of 75 mm (3") from the bottom edge (hook).
3. engage drip or safety edges by a minimum of 12 mm (½").
Hidden metal clip types include
1. Continuous Concealed Clips, which must be attached with fasteners spaced nor more than 300 mm (12") O.C.
2. Discontinuous Concealed Clips, which must
  1. consist of a single clip centred between the seams of each length of metal flashing.
  2. measure at least 1/3 of the length of flashing it will secure but shall not be less than 100 mm (4") in length.
  3. be fastened with screws spaced no more than 300 mm (12") O.C.
Fastening the top (horizontal or sloped) surface of a flashing with exposed fasteners is not permitted.
Where drip edges meet at an outside corner, the cut edges of the mitred joint must be mechanically connected (closed with a "rat tail").
Linear metal flashings secured in a reglet must be
1. installed above the membrane flashing.
2. inserted at least 12.7 mm (1/2”).
3. friction-fitted within the reglet (groove) or secured on the exposed face with an acceptable fastener.
4. sealed with a continuous bead of tooled gunnable sealant.
Sealants must be tooled to positively shed water.

13.3.3.3. Seams

RoofStar-accepted pre-engineered linear metal flashings may be joined together using seams specified for the accepted flashing. All other linear metal flashings must be seamed together following the requirements set out in this Part.
Straight (linear) joints between lengths of linear metal flashings must be fully seamed using only an S-lock (Figure 13.3.1) or Standing Seam (Figure 13.3.2), but this standard does not apply to
1. flashings fashioned from 22-gauge metal (or heavier).
2. the vertical face of any flashing that is concealed by a wall assembly, counter-flashing or equipment flange, in which case the vertical joint may be lap-seamed, provided
  1. the overlap is no less than 100 mm (4”).
  2. the overlapping metal is embedded in mastic.
All corners must be joined on the horizontal plane with a Standing Seam.
Outside corners with a vertical face
1. greater than 100 mm (4”) in height must be joined using only a Standing Seam.
2. 100 mm (4”) or less in height must be joined using
  1. a Standing Seam,
  2. an S-Lock, or
  3. a lap joint, but the drip edges must be mechanically connected (closed with a "rat tail").
Inside corners with a vertical face
1. greater than 100 mm (4”) in height must be joined using only a Standing Seam.
2. 100 mm (4”) or less in height must be joined using
  1. a Standing Seam, or
  2. a flat overlapped seam.
Regardless of the seam type, allowances should be made for metal expansion and contraction.
Sealant applied to S-lock or Standing Seams is not a requirement in this Standard, but when it is specified
1. the sealant must be applied along the full length of the seam.
2. any sealant that extrudes from the seam during the seaming process must be removed and discarded (see 1.5 Workmanship).
Standing Seams must incorporate clips when the seam is longer than 100 mm (4”), and the clips must be
1. fabricated from flat metal stock 24-gauge or heavier.
2. at least 38 mm (1-1/2”) wide.
3. spaced apart from each other no more than 200 mm (8”) O.C.
4. secured with at least 2 acceptable low-profile flat head screws.
S-locked Seams must be secured through flashing tab (leaf) with at least one (1) acceptable low-profile flat head screw when the seam is longer than 100 mm (4”), but fasteners must not be spaced more than 200 mm (8”) O.C.
Flat Butt Seams are permissible only for cap flashings, and only when the flashing is fabricated from steel or aluminum ranging in thickness from 22 to 18-Gauge (the same applies to the equivalents for copper and zinc sheet material, by gauge or weight):
1. Each flashing must have a hemmed front edge fabricated to hook onto a supporting saddle.
2. Each supporting saddle must be
  1. manufactured from the same material as the flashing.
  2. formed to match the profile of the cap flashing.
  3. fabricated with a hook along the front face.
  4. secured to the parapet with screws.
  5. installed to underlap the butt joint by at least 100 mm (4”) on either side.
  6. seated in two parallel beads of un-tooled sealant or butyl tape, which must be applied between the saddle and flashing, on either side of the butt joint, to all three adjoining faces.
  7. secured to the cap flashing along both faces of the parapet (see 13.3.3 Securement).
3. When cap flashings span widths greater than 300 mm (12”), the cap flashing must be riveted to the saddle to ensure adequate securement, and the rivets must be no further apart than 200 mm (8”).
4. When the specified cap flashing material is thicker or heavier than 18-gauge steel or aluminum, the seam and securement design must be submitted to the Guarantor for review prior to tender. This review requirement also applies to copper and zinc flashings that exceed the permissible weight or gauge range.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, refer to the standards in Table 13.1 and Table 13.2 (13.1.2 Design) for seams, metal gauge and flashing length requirements applicable to metal cap (coping) flashings.

**Figure 13.3.1** (Click to expand)
13.3.1

**Figure 13.3.2** (Click to expand)
13.3.2

13.3.3.4. Cap, Counter and Base Flashings

Cap flashings must be fully supported by a substrate and require a hidden clip to fasten the outside face. The inside face of cap flashings may be secured with
1. a hidden clip.
2. cladding fasteners (see Materials above), which must be evenly spaced between seams along each length of flashing. Use no fewer than
  1. three (3) fasteners for every 3000 mm (10') length of metal flashing.
  2. two (2) fasteners for every 2400 mm (8') length of metal flashing.
Fasteners may not be used on the outside face of cap (coping) flashing.
All exposed faces of adjoining lengths of cap flashings must be connected with Standing Seams or S-locks, unless otherwise provided for in this Part. See also 13.3.3.3 Securement.
When the outside face of a cap flashing is concealed by a wall assembly, only the outside face may be lap-seamed, provided the overlap is no less than 100 mm (4”) and the overlapping metal is embedded in mastic.
Counter-flashings must be secured to the vertical face, with fasteners or a reglet.
When the specified cap flashing material is thicker or heavier than 18-gauge steel or aluminum, the seam and securement design must be submitted to the Guarantor for review prior to tender. This review requirement also applies to copper and zinc flashings that exceed the permissible weight or gauge range. See also Butt Seams, 13.3.5 (9).
Metal base flashings are required for walls and curbs when the roof system incorporates gravel ballast and filter fabric or where a Vegetated Roof System is installed. Metal base flashings must “kick out” minimum 50 mm (2") over insulation and filter fabric. Filter fabric must be tucked up behind the base flashing.
Metal base flashings may be fashioned as one piece, but in the alternative, a 2-piece flashing comprised of a lower counter-flashing is the recommended approach, to facilitate roof maintenance. Install flashings in keeping with other requirements found in this Standard.
When the roof membrane is mechanically secured with a termination bar or a metal flashing,
1. the termination bar profile should be capable of supporting a continuous bead of sealant.
2. a surface reglet flashing must have a hemmed top edge bent outward from the face of the wall by at least 45° and the bent, hemmed edge must measure at least 15.9 mm (5/8”) from the break.
3. fasteners must be spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
4. sealant must continuously fill the groove or top edge of the termination bar and be tooled to shed water away from the wall.
When a second surface reglet flashing is installed to protect a termination bar or first surface reglet flashing used to secure the membrane,
1. the flashing must be fabricated with a hemmed top edge bent outward from the face of the wall by at least 45° and the bent, hemmed edge must measure at least 15.9 mm (5/8”) from the break.
2. it may fastened no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C., provided the metal flashing maintains continuous contact with the substrate.
3. sealant must continuously fill the groove and be tooled to shed water away from the wall.
Where parallel and overlapping reglet flashings are used, the joints between flashing segments must be offset by at least 300 mm (12”), except at corners.

13.3.3.5. Metal Edge Terminations

Metal edge flashings (including Gravel Stop flashings) must be installed according to the standards in 10.3.5.2 Metal Edge Terminations.

13.3.3.6. Canted Edges

New and existing canted edges must be covered with linear metal flashings and secured to the outside face of the cant with cladding fasteners, which must be evenly spaced between seams along each length of flashing. Use no fewer than
1. three (3) fasteners for every 3000 mm (10') length of metal flashing.
2. two (2) fasteners for every 2400 mm (8') length of metal flashing.
Metal fabrication and fasteners must conform to the material standards published in this Part.
When, for aesthetic reasons, a face-fastened canted edge is not desirable, cants may be replaced with
1. a metal edge roof termination (10.3.5.2 Metal Edge Terminations).
2. a parapet designed and constructed in keeping with the minimum requirements for height (see 10.1.2 Design), membrane flashing and linear metal flashings found in this Part.

Part 14 - The Roof as a Platform

Section 14.1. Design

(This Part covers the design and installation requirements for roofs that support an overburden, whether it is structurally supported or non-structurally situated on the roof platform)

(See Note A-14.1.)

14.1.1. General

14.1.1.1. Scope

The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Part 1 of Division A in this Manual.

14.1.1.2. Definitions

Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
1. Roof Coverings means (without limitation) gravel, wearing surfaces, vegetated systems, pavers, cast-in-place concrete, rubberized surfaces, broadly covering and directly superimposed on the roof assembly.
2. Structures and Equipment means structurally supported or portable objects including (without limitation) wood or composite decks and walkways, planters, "amenity spaces" (inclusive of furnishings, hot tubs, gazebos, pergolas, and play areas), nets and wind screens, photovoltaics, satellite equipment, light standards, lightning rods, sculptures, pools, and other water features.

14.1.2. Special Requirements

14.1.2.1. Coverage and Limitations

Coverage under the RoofStar Guarantee shall be as described in Article 1.2.1.2, Limitations and Exclusions of Guarantee, of Part 3 in Division A in this Manual.

14.1.3. General Requirements

14.1.3.1. Roof System Design and Accessibility

The Design Authority should give thought to the inevitability of roof repairs or replacement when designing the coverings, living spaces or structures the roof will support. This includes, without limitation,
1. access for maintenance.
2. material removal, storage and replacement logistics.
A roof designed and constructed as a Protected Membrane Roof System is strongly recommended when the roof covering or living (amenity) space
1. exceeds 150 mm (6”) in depth (excluding any plants).
2. is an intensive or semi-intensive Vegetated Roof System.
3. includes cast-in-place concrete surfaces.
4. is installed over a podium roof area adjacent to residential high-rise structures.
5. includes water features or pools.
6. includes expansive terrace areas or play spaces.

14.1.3.2. Waterproofing Integrity Scans and Electronic Leak Detection

(See Articles 1.1.4.2.)

14.1.3.3. Roof Membranes and Membrane Protection

(See Articles 1.1.4.3.)

Any roof covering, structure or item of equipment must be installed in a manner that protects the roof membrane and its performance.
Membranes must be selected for their ability to resist accidental puncture by human activity on the roof; the minimum puncture resistance must be at least 400 N. Refer to Table 9.1 in Article 9.2.1.1 for minimum membrane thickness and puncture resistance requirements.
Membranes must be protected from damage incurred
1. during the construction of a building.
2. from normal use and occupancy of the roof.
3. from maintenance of any installation on top of a roof system, after the building has been commissioned.
To prevent accidental damage and puncture from falling objects, Conventional Insulated Systems at elevations lower than those designed for human occupancy should include a protective wearing course or, in the alternative, should be designed as a Protected Membrane Roof System.
Where membranes installed on vertical surfaces may be damaged from foot traffic or shifting coverings, they must be protected as, for example, with base metal flashings (See Article 13.3.2.4, Cap, Counter and Base Flashings).

14.1.3.4. Loads

The building structure must be designed to support any live loads specified by the Code having jurisdiction. This includes loads from any covering, amenity space, structure or live loads superimposed upon the roof platform.
Insulation and insulation overlays used in a conventionally insulated system or Modified Protected Membrane Roof System must have a minimum load carrying capacity of 110 Kpa (20 psi), but in any event must be capable of supporting any superimposed loads on the exposed membrane, without compression or distortion of the roof system or any one of its components.
Roof assemblies that cannot support the superimposed loads described above must be designed as a Protected Membrane Roof System (See also Article 8.1.3.1).
Structural installations - structural supports (i.e. curbs) should be considered to bear heavier dead loads, to resist Specified Wind Loads, or to secure the equipment during seismic events.

14.1.3.5. Securement of Roof Coverings, Structures, and Equipment

The Design Authority is responsible to specify the appropriate securement design of roof coverings, structures, and equipment, so that they are capable of resisting Specified Wind Loads. Where structural securement is desirable or required, it must be made to fully waterproofed structural supports (curbs, sleepers, posts) and must be secured to the structural support at least 200 mm (8”) above the water plane. See Part 12, PENETRATIONS and CURBS. See also Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY.

14.1.4. Roof Coverings, Structures, and Equipment

(the General Requirements in Subsection 14.1.3 shall be read together with the following Articles)

14.1.4.1. Filter Fabric

Filter fabrics are required when the roof supports
1. growing media and vegetation,
2. sand and other fine materials,
3. gravel with a diameter less than 12.7 mm (1/2”),
4. wet mortar or concrete, or
5. XPS insulation above the membrane (to contain the insulation and thereby prevent ‘insulation stacking’ (displacement) when insulation boards become buoyant in water, and to prevent "fines" from settling at the membrane level and filling the voids between insulation board joints).

14.1.4.2. Drainage

Roofs designed as platforms to support roof coverings, amenity spaces or equipment must promote unimpeded drainage of storm or irrigation water. Where a roof covering material naturally drains (gravel, for example), no additional drainage design is required. In all other cases, the design must incorporate a drainage plane above the supporting roof platform.
Overburden must be contained with drain guards, rigid barriers and filter fabric (See also Article 11.3.2.6).
Equipment supports placed on the roof system must not impede the flow of water to drains. To facilitate the adequate movement of water when supports are oriented perpendicular to drainage flow,
1. utilize shorter supports, to a maximum length of 1200 mm (4’).
2. incorporate drainage mats beneath the supports longer than 1200 mm (4’) in any direction.
equipment installed on structural supports or on top of the roof system must be spaced or located to promote access to drains, ease of maintenance and worker or occupant safety.

14.1.4.3. Gravel

(See Note A-14.1.4.3.)

When gravel is specified as the roof covering,
1. the design must include gravel guards around roof drains.
2. only washed gravel may be used.
When the gravel used as a roof covering is crushed, or is smaller than 12 mm (1/2”),
1. a geotextile protection layer must be installed immediately above the roof membrane.
2. the gravel must be deep enough to retain the geotextile protection layer.

14.1.4.4. Wearing Surfaces

Any wearing surface may be installed on a conventionally insulated system, provided
1. the compressive strength of the insulation will support it.
2. the insulation in the roof assembly is overlaid with a suitable insulation overlay (see Article 8.1.3.1).
3. the wearing surface does not bond with or touch the roof field membrane or membrane flashing.
4. drainage of storm or irrigation water is not impeded.
When concrete paver walkways or platforms are specified, they must promote free drainage of water. This can be achieved by using adequately spaced
1. pedestals.
2. proprietary pads.
3. XPS insulation.
4. drainage mats.
Wearing surfaces may be sloped or level, depending upon the intent of the design, and therefore project specifications and drawings should indicate this.
When cast-in-place concrete is used as a roof covering directly over the roof membrane, the concrete must be separated from the membrane with both of the following:
1. A bond-breaking material, such as a proprietary drainage mat or XPS insulation.
2. A filter fabric or barrier material acceptable to the membrane manufacturer, able to prevent the concrete slurry from reaching the membrane.

14.1.4.5. Vegetated Roof Systems

Vegetated Roof Systems (VRS) must be designed to resist the Specified Wind Loads calculated using the WIND-MVRA online calculator (see also Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY). Since Vegetated Roof Systems often provide ballast for Protected Membrane Roof Systems and may be installed by someone other than the Contractor, the Design Authority must specify the coordination of work to ensure the roof system is immediately and properly secured.
Conventionally insulated systems may be used to support any type of Vegetated Roof System, provided
1. the compressive strength of the insulation will support it.
2. the insulation in the roof system is overlaid with a suitable insulation overlay (see 8.3.1.2 (4)).
3. the membrane manufacturer is agreeable to the application and is confident the membrane can withstand the anticipated hydrostatic pressures when the Vegetated Roof System is fully saturated with water.
4. the membrane is fully adhered.
Notwithstanding the above, Semi-intensive and Intensive Vegetated Roof Systems should be designed as part of a Protected Membrane Roof System. See also 14.1.2.1 (4) above.
Every roof that supports a Vegetated Roof System must have, in addition to a drainage layer and membrane protection, a
1. root barrier.
2. filter fabric layer.
Vegetated Roof Systems that are built in place should be designed with an additional layer of protection immediately below the growing media and above the rest of the roof system, to ensure the protection of these materials from tools.
Separation Zones, which are free of growing media or vegetation and protect vulnerable membrane seams from root damage, must be
1. at least 300 mm (12”) wide, or greater as determined through Specified Wind Load calculations (see also Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY).
2. bordered by a non-penetrating, surface-installed physical barrier (for example, a retention Tee).
3. installed around the perimeter of the Vegetated Roof System, and around any of the following, which may be contained within the area covered by the Vegetated Roof System:
  1. roof drains.
  2. roof penetrations.
  3. sleepers and curbs.
  4. any mechanical equipment not supported by a curb.
  5. expansion or control joints.
Membrane flashing must be protected from damage, both during the installation of a Vegetated Roof System and during ongoing maintenance. Refer to Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS for guidance.

14.1.4.6. Structures and Equipment

Non-structural installations
1. are strongly recommended whenever practical, since they
  1. minimize the number of penetrations, curbs or sleepers necessary for structural securement.
  2. eliminate possible weak points in the roof system, where a leak may occur.
  3. avoid dedicated mechanical drainage.
  4. simplify removal of materials when membrane repairs are required.
2. must be placed on an appropriate protection layer or supported by pedestals, pavers or other means of distributing weight and point loading.
3. may be placed on a conventionally insulated system provided the insulation is capable of supporting all anticipated dead loads, live loads and point loads (See Article 14.1.3.5).
A structural concrete planter or water feature that is
1. cast-in-place should be constructed on a pre‐curb that is continuously waterproofed as part of the primary roof membrane and waterproofed independently of the primary roof membrane.
2. pre-cast must be secured to
  1. a pre‐curb that is continuously waterproofed as part of the primary roof membrane.
  2. structural supports that are waterproofed in keeping with the Standards in Part 12, PENETRATIONS and CURBS.
When concrete walls or structures are constructed without a pre-curb, all concrete surfaces must be fully and continuously enveloped with the primary roof membrane. See also Article 1.2.1.2, Limitations and Exclusions of Guarantee, of Part 3 in Division A in this Manual.
Pre‐curbs must be
1. at least 100 mm (4") in height above the drainage plane of the highest adjacent roof assembly.
2. completely enveloped with fully adhered acceptable membrane flashing (including all faces of drainage knock‐outs).
3. properly waterproofed around dowels in their final position with either of the following:
  1. a 2-component catalyzed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) reinforced liquid membrane flashing system.
  2. two cured coats of an Accepted polyurethane or silicon-based single-component liquid flashing system. See Article 12.3.2.7 concerning application.
When a structural planter adjoins a Protected Membrane Roof System, the planter design must include either of the following options for drainage:
1. a plumbed mechanical drain that
  1. incorporates a debris guard and maintenance access.
  2. extends above the top surface of the growing media at least 50 mm (2”).
2. drainage knock-outs in the pre-curb wall, which should be wide enough to allow for the free flow of water over or past of the membrane flashing plies.
When a structural planter adjoins a Conventionally Insulated System, only a plumbed mechanical drain is permissible.
A design review is advisable when a structural water features incorporates penetrations for wiring, lights or other submerged features.
Tiles or other architectural finishes may be applied to the waterproofing membrane, subject to a written Variance from the Guarantor and approval by the membrane manufacturer (See Article 1.1.4.5 concerning Variances).
Drains, re-circulation inlets and outlets used in water features must include clamping rings and must be sealed to the membrane assembly.
When a leak detection system is specified, or required, only non‐ferrous metal drains may be used.
Drain connections to internal piping must be made with mechanical compression type seals only.

Section 14.2. Materials

14.2.1. Material Properties

14.2.1.1. Membranes

Refer to Table 9.1 in Article 9.2.2.1 for minimum membrane thickness and puncture resistance requirements.

14.2.1.2. Membrane Protection

Membranes must be protected by using one of the following materials directly above the roof membrane:
1. drainage mat.
2. asphaltic core board measuring at least 3 mm (1/8”) thick.
3. XPS insulation measuring at least 25 mm (1”) thick.
4. a geotextile protection layer with a minimum thickness/weight of 200 g/m2 (used in Vegetated Roof System applications, where decorative gravel is crushed or smaller than 12 mm (1/2”) in diameter, or where the roof covering, superimposed structure or equipment does not exceed the load-bearing capacity of the protection material).

14.2.1.3. Root Intrusion Barriers

Root barriers must be
1. suitable for the installed roof covering.
2. selected for their ability to support dead loads, live loads and point loads.
3. must be sheets or boards that are acceptable to the primary roof membrane manufacturer.
4. may be polyethylene or polypropylene sheeting, provided the material is no less than 0.2mm (8 mils) thick.

14.2.1.4. Drainage and Water Retention Materials

Drainage mats must be
1. acceptable to the manufacturer of the primary membrane and XPS insulation (when used).
2. suitable for the installed roof covering.
3. selected for their ability to support dead loads, live loads and point loads.
4. capable of permitting the anticipated flow rate of water.
Geosynthetic drainage cores, and geocomposites with factory-laminated filter fabrics, must
1. be molded (dimpled) or woven plastic grids so that it contacts no more than 40% of XPS insulation surface area.
2. be manufactured with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (3/8”).
3. provide a uniform support for roof coverings, structures or equipment installed on the roof platform.
4. have a compressive strength equal to or greater than the design and anticipated live loads of the roof platform and the coverings, structures or equipment it supports.
5. Moisture retention and reservoir layers must be acceptable to the manufacturer/supplier of the Vegetated Roof System.

14.2.1.5. Insulation and Insulation Overlays

(See Part 7 INSULATION and Part 8 INSULATION OVERLAYS)

When XPS (with or without a concrete topping) is specified as the drainage layer, it must be grooved (by the manufacturer or as a post-manufacturing alteration).
Insulation that supports an acceptable roof covering must have a minimum compressive strength equal to or exceeding the dead loads and anticipated overall live loads and point loads of the overburden.

14.2.1.6. Filter Fabric

Filter fabrics must be
1. acceptable to the manufacturer of the primary membrane and XPS insulation (when used).
2. suitable for the installed roof covering.
3. selected for their ability to support dead loads, live loads and point loads.
4. capable of permitting the anticipated flow rate of water.
Fabric filter mats must be
1. water permeable and have proven long term weather resistance.
2. strong enough to withstand traffic abuse and prevent displacement of insulation boards under flotation conditions.

14.2.1.7. Decorative Gravel

Decorative gravel (different in function from gravel ballast) must be washed and may be smooth or crushed.
Large grade gravel may withstand wind scour more effectively than smaller gravel, but the Design Authority must determine the gradients, based on the Specified Wind Loads for the roof (See also Article 3.2.2.4).

14.2.1.8. Pavers and Pedestals

Pavers that are partially supported (i.e. with pedestals) should be capable of resisting anticipated loads (consider, for example, hydraulically pressed concrete pavers).
Pedestals
1. should be adjustable, when a level surface is required.
2. must be proprietary (purpose-made) and include an integral spacer rib measuring at least a 3mm (1/8”), to uniformly separate pavers.

Section 14.3. Application

14.3.1. Reserved

14.3.2. Reserved

14.3.3. Roof Coverings, Structures and Equipment

14.3.3.1. Membranes and Membrane Protection

Membranes and membrane flashing must be installed in keeping with the requirements found elsewhere in this Standard.
Protection of roof membranes from mechanical damage caused by tools, accident or the work of others is mandatory during the installation and maintenance of any roof covering or living space.

14.3.3.2. Filter Fabric

Fabric filter mats must be
1. installed loose-laid (un-bonded) over the insulation and below any type of ballast or roof covering.
2. overlapped at all edges a minimum of 300mm (12").
3. at least 2.5 m x 2.5 m (8’ x 8’) in size.
4. slit to fit over roof penetrations and cut out around roof drains and other openings.
Filter fabric must extend up perimeter edges and curbs and must be placed loose (unattached) under metal counter flashings or wall finishes (See also Article 13.3.2.4, Cap, Counter and Base Flashings).

14.3.3.3. Drainage and Water Retention

A drainage mat must be installed below the XPS insulation. A second drainage layer may be installed above the insulation, but this is at the discretion of the Design Authority.
Specialized proprietary drainage products must be acceptable to the membrane manufacturer.

14.3.3.4. Decorative Gravel

When gravel is specified as a roof covering, only washed gravel may be used.
Ballast guards must be installed around all roof drains (See Article 11.3.2.6).
Crushed gravel specified as a roof covering must be installed over a geotextile protection layer, or its equivalent, when the gravel is crushed or smaller than 12 mm (1/2”) in diameter.

14.3.3.5. Wearing Surfaces and Living Spaces

Pavers and unit-type masonry, such as brick or stone, must be supported by
1. proprietary (purpose-made) pedestals with at least a 3mm (1/8”) integral spacer ribs for uniform spacing of pavers.
2. a proprietary drainage layer overlaid with a filter fabric mat.
3. a drainage layer of loose aggregate (such as pea gravel) measuring at least 25 mm (1") in depth, installed over a filter fabric.
Pedestals or a drainage layer must permit at least 12.7 mm (1/2″) of vertical separation between the paver and the underlying substrate, to provide airflow for drying surfaces and assist in leveling. Pedestals should not impede the flow of water or air, and should uniformly distribute the dead load of pavers, and other unit masonry products, as well as predicted live loads.

14.3.3.6. Vegetated Roof Systems

All Vegetated Roof Systems must be installed as specified and shown on drawings, and in any case must include a
1. root barrier.
2. drainage layer.
3. filter cloth.
Roofs that support built-in-place soil or growing media beds should include an additional penetration-resistant protection course between the growing bed and other Vegetated Roof System materials. The protection course prevents damage to these materials whenever sharp-pointed or edged tools are used for the maintenance of the Vegetated Roof System.
Root intrusion barriers must be
1. installed in a continuous plane above the roof membrane.
2. located within the Vegetated Roof System as specified by the Design Authority.
3. sealed at all seams and laps with a compatible tape, as directed by the manufacturer's instructions.
4. carried up the inside of soil retention perimeters (separation zones).
5. sealed to the Separation Zone edge material.
Separation Zones must be
1. at least 300 mm (12”) wide.
2. bordered by a non-penetrating, surface-installed physical barrier.
3. installed along all roof perimeters.
4. installed around
  1. up-stands.
  2. roof drains.
  3. penetrations.
  4. sleepers and curbs. mechanical equipment.
  5. expansion or control joints.

14.3.3.7. Structures and Equipment

Structural planters and water features (pools, ponds, water courses) must be constructed with
1. a pre‐curb (start‐up curb), onto which the planter or water feature wall is formed and poured.
2. full-height walls that are formed and poured in direct contact with the structural deck.
Pre‐curbs must be
1. at least 100 mm (4") in height above the drainage plane of the highest adjacent roof assembly (see Construction Detail SBS 14.3.3 Structures and Equipment (planter pre-curb) as an example).
2. completely enveloped with fully adhered acceptable membrane flashing (including all faces of drainage knock‐outs).
Full-height walls must be fully enveloped with roof membrane, on all faces. See Figure 14.3.1.

Figure 14.3.1 (Click to expand)
Dowels (reinforcement bar) must be
1. inserted into the pre‐curb after application of the membrane flashing.
2. waterproofed in their final position, where they penetrate the pre-curb, using either a reinforced 2-component liquid membrane flashing or two (2) applications of a single-component liquid membrane flashing (fully cured between coats),
  1. applied to properly prepared surfaces.
  2. in keeping with the application requirements in Article 12.3.2.7 for 2-component reinforced liquid membrane flashing, or the manufacturer’s instructions for single-component liquid membrane flashing.
  3. applied no less than 50 mm (2”) on vertical surfaces and in a radius around the base of each dowel.
Structural planters and water features constructed on pre-curbs must be waterproofed on the inside with a fully‐adhered membrane that terminates on the inside vertical surface of the planter at least 100 mm (4”) above the level of soil, growing medium or water, or at the outside edge of the top surface of the planter or water feature wall.
Membranes must be terminated in keeping with the standards in Part 11, DRAINAGE and Part 12, PENETRATIONS and CURBS,and protected with metal reglet or cap flashings in keeping with Part 13, METAL FLASHINGS.
A membrane integrity scan and any resulting repairs must be undertaken before the membrane is covered or submerged.

Notes to Standard

SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Systems

Accepted Materials

© RCABC 2021
No reproduction of these Standards, in whole or in part, is lawful without the expressed permission of the RGC Guarantee Program.

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+<big><big>Division B - Standards</big></big>
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+<big><big><big><big><big>Standard Format Template for Roof Waterproofing Standards</big></big></big></big></big>
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    <div class="panel-heading"><big>'''About the Standard'''</big></div>