Difference between revisions of "Securing the Roof Assembly"

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<big><big>Wind Uplift Resource Centre</big></big><br>
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<hr>
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<big><big><big><big><big><big>Securing the Roof Assembly</big></big></big></big></big></big>
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{| class="wikitable"
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The following content is replicated from Part 3 of the ''Standard for SBS-modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Systems'', located in [[Division B | '''Division B: Standards''']], and is largely identical to Part 3 found in any of the other membrane Standards available in this ''Manual''.  As a Part of an entire Standard, it must be read together with all the other Parts.
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Click on the GIF above to see the '''full high-definition video''', which illustrates why roof system attachment standards matter ('''NOTE''': the system shown in the video represents a mechanically fastened EPDM roof, constructed to '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards'''''.  The membrane "flutter" in wind is normal for this type of roof system.)
+
Click on the gif above to see the '''full high-definition video''', which illustrates why ''roof system'' securement requirements matter ('''NOTE''': the video shows a mechanically fastened, conventionally insulated EPDM ''roof system'' constructed to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' Standard of the time (2013).  The membrane "flutter" in wind is common for this type of ''roof system'').
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
==General==
+
==Section 3.1. Design==
−
===Definitions===
+
===3.1.1. General===
−
Refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for further definitions of key terms used in this '''Manual'''.
+
====3.1.1.1. Scope====
 +
(See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.1.1.1.| Note A-3.1.1.1.]])
  
−
:;''CSA Standard'' (“the Standard”): means the ''CSA Standard A123.21 Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems'' (latest edition).
+
<ol>
−
;:
+
<li>The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in [[Scope of RPM and Standards | Division A, Part 1]].
−
:;''Ballast'', when used in this '''Manual''': refers to a material used for securing the roof assembly. When gravel or pavers are used in this way, they are considered part of the roof system.
+
<li>{{hilite |This Part applies to all new roofs, and to both full and partial replacement ''roof systems''|| 2021-October-30 }}.
−
;:
+
<li>{{hilite |This Part sets out the requirements for|| 2021-October-30 }}
−
:;''Overburden'': is any material, structure or item of equipment that is placed on top of the completed roof.  Gravel or pavers are considered to be overburden when they do not serve to secure the roof system.  See also '''14.1.1 Definitions'''.
+
<ol>
−
;:
+
<li>material substitution (applicable to ''Tested Assemblies''),
 +
<li>fastener and adhesive application (minimum numbers and spacing),
 +
<li>roofs that support ''overburden'', or fixed amenities and equipment, and
 +
<li>roofs where only part of the ''system'' must be replaced.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite |''Conventionally insulated roof systems'' designed and constructed with sheet membranes must be secured using|| 2021-October-30 }}
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite |a ''Tested Assembly'' (a membrane ''roof system'', together with a specified roof ''deck'', tested for its wind resistance capabilities using CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition)|| 2021-October-30 }}(See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.1.1.1.(4)| Note A-3.1.1.1.(4)]]), or
 +
<li>{{hilite |an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'' (an existing, representative ''roof system'', together with a specified roof ''deck'', which is used as a “proven” pattern for securing a new ''roof system'' on the building under consideration; see [[#3.1.4.3. Specifying an Assembly with Proven Past Performance | Article 3.1.4.3.]])|| 2021-October-30 }}.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite |When neither of the foregoing options is available to the ''Design Authority'' to conform to the Code, the ''roof system'' must be secured using a custom engineered design (See [[#3.1.4.4. Specifying a Custom-engineered Securement Design | Article 3.1.4.4.]])|| 2021-October-30 }}.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===={{hilite | 3.1.1.2. Intent || 2021-October-30 }}====
 +
(See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.1.1.2. | Note A-3.1.1.2.]])
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>The requirements in this Part intend to support and conform to or exceed the Building Code.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===={{hilite | 3.1.1.3. Limit of Liability under RoofStar Guarantee || 2021-October-30 }}====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite |Notwithstanding [[#3.1.1.2. Intent | Article 3.1.1.2.]], the materials presented herein are based on an interpretation of the Code and are not the Code itself; therefore, the reader is responsible to exercise good judgement, and to read, understand and comply with the Code, as and how it applies to the reader’s particular ''project'' and its design requirements.
 +
<li>Where the Code can be shown to exceed the requirements, guiding principles, and recommendations of this Part or any related Part in this Standard, the Code shall prevail|| 2021-October-30 }}.
 +
<li>{{hilite |Compliance with this Part or the Code does not guarantee that a roof will not succumb to forces exerted by wind, and therefore neither the '''''Guarantor''''' nor the ''Contractor'' will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, a roof system caused by wind; too many variables beyond the control of this Standard affect the wind resistance performance of a ''roof system'', including (without limitation)|| 2021-October-30 }}
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite | the continuity or discontinuity of air and vapour control layers of the entire building enclosure|| 2021-October-30 }},
 +
<li>{{hilite | openings in the building (windows and doors, which are often occupant-controlled and not static)|| 2021-October-30 }}, and
 +
<li>{{hilite | wind strength, which may exceed the codified numeric wind speed values used to calculate wind resistance for the roof system (Ref. "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbacr2 Appendix C, "Table C-1"])|| 2021-October-30 }}.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
====3.1.1.4. Definitions====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>Words that appear in italics are defined in the [[Glossary | Glossary]].  Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>''CSA Standard'' means the CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition).
 +
<li>''Registered Professional'' has the same meaning as that used in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dcp2s22r2 Section 2.2., "Administration"].
 +
<li>''Specified Wind Load'' means the calculated force of wind exerted on the roof of a specific building, according to the requirements in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp4s41r2 Section 4.1., "Structural Loads and Procedures"].
 +
<li>{{hilite | ''System of securement'' means a specific pattern of mechanical fasteners or adhesives, including specific materials or brands, size, and spacing. || 2023-June-16 }}
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
===Design===
+
===3.1.2. Guarantee Term Requirements===
−
Wind that compromises the membrane of a {{hilite | waterproofing roof assembly || 2020-February-15 }}  often results in leaks, sometimes with catastrophic consequences.  Therefore, the ''Design Authority'' must pay attention to the design of the roof and its performance under windy conditions.<br>
+
====3.1.2.1. RoofStar 5-year and RoofStar 10-year Guarantee====
  
−
'''Conventionally Insulated Roof Assemblies''' are governed by standards adopted in this '''Manual''' from the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) and the British Columbia Building Code (BCBC).  The BCBC requires the proper calculation of ''Specified Wind Loads'', and securement of the roof components using a tested roof assembly or, in the alternative, either an assembly with proven past performance or an assembly that is otherwise engineered to resist the ''Specified Wind Loads'' of a roof.  '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' require these same measures for new or fully replaced conventionally insulated roof assemblies, in order to ensure the roof assembly is not compromised by wind that could, as a consequence, cause leaks.  In addition, this section sets out the requirements for
+
<ol>
−
#material substitution (applicable to Tested Assemblies or assemblies with proven past performance).
+
<li>To qualify for a '''''RoofStar 5-year''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-year Guarantee''''', all ''projects'' shall comply with the requirements in this Part.
−
#fastener and adhesive application (minimum numbers and spacing).
+
</li></ol>
−
#roofs installed with overburden, ''Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies'', and roofs where only part of the system must be replaced.<br>
 
  
−
The following Standards are illustrated in the decision tree/flow chart shown as '''Figure 3.3''', and must be read in conjunction with '''3.3 Application'''.
+
====3.1.2.2. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee====
  
−
====<big>General</big>====
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>The ''Design Authority'' is responsible for the proper calculation of ''Specified Wind Loads'' for a {{hilite | waterproofing roof assembly|| 2020-February-15 }}, regardless of its design, and must use the [https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/windrci/agreement.html '''Wind-RCI online wind calculator'''] or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior.  This includes roofs that support an overburden, including ''Vegetated Roof Assemblies''.  When the geometry of a building exceeds the capabilities of the Wind-RCI calculator, the ''Design Authority'' must calculate wind loads in accordance with the ''BCBC, Division B, Part 4, 4.1.7 Wind Loads'', and in consultation with other sections of the BCBC as they pertain to the determination of ''Specified Wind Loads''.  Acceptance of a roof for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' is predicated on the assumption that the ''Design Authority'' has performed Due Diligence with respect to ''Specified Wind Loads'' and the attachment methods for the roof assembly.
+
<li>To qualify for a '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee''''', all ''projects'' shall comply with the requirements in this Part for a '''''RoofStar 5-year''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-year Guarantee''''', and shall
−
<li>All {{hilite | waterproofing roof assemblies || 2020-February-15 }} shall consist of the following three zones, illustrated in '''Figure 3.1'''.
+
<ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite |comply with the higher securement requirements when enhanced ''roof system'' securement is required by the membrane manufacturer, to meet their system warranty requirements ("enhanced securement" may exceed the securement stated or specified in a ''Tested Assembly'', an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'', or a custom-engineered design; see also [[#1.1.2.1. RoofStar 5-Year and RoofStar 10-year Guarantee | Article 1.1.2.1., ''RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee'']], for further general requirements|| 2020-October-22 }}).
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===3.1.3. All Systems===
 +
====3.1.3.1. Responsibility for Design====
 +
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>'''Field (F)''' – the interior of the roof bounded by the Edge and the Corners.
+
<li>The ''Design Authority'' is responsible for determining ''Specified Wind Loads'' for each ''roof system'' and each roof area of a ''project'', including roofs that support ''Vegetated Roof Systems'' or any other ''overburden'', amenities, or equipment.  
−
<li>'''Edge (E)''' – defined as 10% of the building width or 40% of the building height, whichever is less. In no case will perimeter zone be less than 2.0 m (7').
+
<li>Acceptance of a roof for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' is predicated on the assumption that the ''Design Authority'' has performed Due Diligence with respect to ''Specified Wind Loads'' and has provided the ''Contractor'' with sufficient information to construct a ''roof system'' that complies with the Code.
−
<li>'''Corner (C)''' – part of the perimeter but not less than 2.0 m x 2.0 m (7’ x7’) in size.  The corner area is defined by the Edge in both directions at the corners.<br>
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|+Figure 3.1
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[File:Figure 3.1.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/1/11/Figure_3.1.jpg | 700 px]]
 
−
|}
 
 
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
−
<li>A conventionally insulated roof assembly, and a ''Modified Protected Membrane Roof Assembly'' (MPMRA), constructed on a bare roof deck (new construction and replacement roofing) must be secured using
+
 
 +
====3.1.3.2. Calculation of Specified Wind Loads====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>A ''registered professional'' "skilled in the work concerned" must perform or validate the calculation of ''Specified Wind Loads'' (See the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Part 2, Section 2.2., "Administration": [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dcp2s22r2 Article 2.2.2.2., ''Structural Design'']), using
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>a Tested Assembly (see '''3.3.1.1 Tested Assemblies''').
+
<li>the [https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/products-services/software-applications/wind-load-calculators-roof-cladding-vegetated-roof-assembly "Wind Uplift Resistance Calculator"] (formerly "Wind-RCI"), or
−
<li>a roof assembly with ‘proven past performance’ (see '''3.3.1.2 Roof Assemblies with Proven Past Performance''').
+
<li>the formulae and procedures in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp4s41r2 Subsection 4.1.7.,"Wind Load"] (See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.1.1.1. | Note A-3.1.1.1.]]).
−
<li>engineered methods and patterns (see '''3.3.1.3'''; also refer to Div. B, Part 4 and Part 5, BCBC together with the ANSI/SPRI WD-1 methodology referenced in the BCBC, ''Notes to Part 5 – Environmental Separation, A-5.2.2.2.(4)'').</li></ol>
+
</li></ol>
−
<li>The wind uplift resistance capabilities of the selected roof assembly must equal or exceed the ''Specified Wind Loads''.
+
<li>Each roof area, at each level (elevation), shall be divided into three principal roof zones (Figure 3.1.), and the ''Design Authority'' shall be responsible for calculating the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for each zone (Ref. the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp4s41r2 Article 4.1.7.6., "External Pressure Coefficients for Low Buildings"]).
−
<li>A roof consisting of a single elevation, divided into smaller roof areas by means of control joints (roof dividers) or expansion joints, shall be considered one roof area for the purpose of calculating the ''Specified Wind Loads''.
+
<li>Roof zones are defined in this Standard as follows:
−
<li>When a building is designed with multiple roof levels,
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>the ''Specified Wind Load'' for each roof area must be calculated separately, unless the roofs are adjacent each other and the elevation difference between roof areas is less than 1.52 m (5’).
+
<li>'''Field (F)''' – the interior of the roof bounded by the ''Edge'' and the ''Corners''.
−
<li>each roof area must be designed with Edge (E) zones on all sides, and Corner (C) zones at each outside and inside corner, irrespective of the elevation difference between the roofs.<br>
+
<li>'''Edge (E)''' – the perimeter zone (minus the corners), measured as either 10% of the smallest building width ("least horizontal dimension"), or 40% of the building height, whichever is less. Notwithstanding the requirements in the "British Columbia Building Code", the ''Edge'' zone shall not be less than 2.0 m (7').
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
<li>'''Corner (C)''' – part of the perimeter but not less than 2.0 m x 2.0 m (7’ x7’) in size, the ''Corner'' area is defined by the ''Edge'' in both directions at the corners.  Where the roof geometry includes an inside corner, the ''corner'' zone dimensions shall be the same as those for an outside corner, applied equidistant in each direction from the inside corner (Figure 3.1.3.-A).
−
|+Figure 3.2
+
</li></ol>
 +
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
 +
|+ <small>Figure 3.1.3.-A (Click to expand)</small>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:Figure 3.2.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/f/f4/Figure_3.2.jpg | 700 px]]
+
| [[File:Figure 3.1.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/1/11/Figure_3.1.jpg | 400 px]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
</li></ol>
 
−
<li>When a roof includes an inside corner, the Corner zones must extend along each adjacent side of the roof a distance equal in dimensions to outside corners ('''Figure 3.2''').
 
−
<li>When a roof area intersects the corner of a wall, the Edge zone on either side of the wall corner must be treated as a roof Corner (2 x C) ('''Figure 3.2''').
 
−
<li>When an existing roof system is specified for partial replacement, the ''Design Authority'' must
 
−
<ol>
 
−
<li>calculate the Specified Wind Loads for the roof.
 
−
<li>determine whether or not securement of the remaining roof components (left in situ) is sufficient to resist the ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 
−
<li>determine a suitable method of securement or have the system of securement engineered.
 
−
<li>calculate and design securement for any overburden.</ol></li>
 
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
See '''Figure 3.3''' for an illustration of this process.
+
<li>A roof area that is divided into smaller segments by means of ''control joints'' (roof dividers, i.e., a fire wall) or ''expansion joints'', shall be considered one roof area for the purpose of calculating the ''Specified Wind Loads'', unless the height of a ''control joint'' or ''expansion joint'' exceeds 1 m (39"), in which case the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for each roof segment shall be calculated separately (See Figure 3.1.3.-B).
−
<br><br>
+
<li>When a building is designed with multiple roof levels (at different elevations), and the roofs are adjacent each other (having a common wall), the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for each level, and for each roof area on that level, shall be calculated separately from loads for the adjacent level, unless the elevation difference between adjacent roof levels is less than 1.524 m (5’) (Ref. Figure 3.1.3.-B).
−
See also '''1.4.2 Replacement Roofing''', '''3.3.3 Partial Roof Replacements''' and '''14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM: Coverings, Living Spaces and Structures'''.
+
<li>When the shape of a single-level roof varies in width or length, the smallest width dimensions shall be used in the calculation of ''Specified Wind Loads'' (Ref. “minimum effective width” as defined in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp4s41r2 Article 4.1.7.2., "Classification of Buildings"]).
−
<li><span class="recommended">When specifying securement for a partial roof replacement, mechanical fastening, when practicable, is the recommended method for securing new materials to an existing roof system</span>.  All other methods of securement must be designed and specified by the ''Design Authority''.
+
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
−
<li><span class="principles">Roof assemblies should be designed in conjunction with the electrical systems for the building, in order to avoid unnecessary interference with roof system securement</span>. <span class="recommended">Placement of cables and boxes in designated trays, suspended at least 38 mm (1 ½”) below a penetrable supporting deck, is strongly recommended in order to avoid contact with roofing fasteners; fastener penetration may result in shock or fire hazard</span>. <span class="principles">Steel plates should not be used to shield conduit and boxes on top of or immediately beneath a penetrable deck, because the plates will interfere with fastener placement and proper securement of the roof system</span>. See also '''2.7 Electrical Cables and Boxes'''.
+
|+ <small>Figure 3.1.3.-B (Click to expand)</small>
−
<li>Securement of {{hilite | water-shedding assemblies || 2020-February-15 }} shall be made in accordance with the requirements set out elsewhere in this '''Manual'''.
 
−
{| class="wikitable" | style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; border: none;"
 
−
|+Figure 3.3
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:Figure 3.3.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/6/6f/Figure_3.3.jpg |400 px]]
+
| [[File:Figure 3.1.3.-B.png|link=https://rpm.rcabc.org/images/d/da/Figure_3.1.3.-B.png | 400 px]]
 
|}
 
|}
−
</li>
+
<br>
−
</ol>
+
<li>When a roof area intersects the corner of a wall, the ''Edge'' zone on either side of the wall corner must be treated as a roof ''Corner'' (2 x C) (Figure 3.1.3.-B).
 +
<li>When an existing roof system is specified for partial replacement, the ''Design Authority'' must
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>calculate the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the roof,
 +
<li>determine if securement of the remaining roof components (left in situ) is sufficient to resist the ''Specified Wind Loads'',
 +
<li>determine a suitable method of securement or have the ''system'' of securement engineered, and
 +
<li>calculate and design securement for any ''overburden'', amenities, or equipment.
 +
</ol></li>
 +
<li><span class="principles">''Roof systems'' should be designed in conjunction with the electrical systems for the building, to avoid unnecessary interference with ''roof system'' securement</span> (See also [[#2.1.8. Electrical Cables and Boxes | Subsection 2.1.8., "Electrical Cables and Boxes"]]).
 +
<li>Mansards are a ''roof system'' and are therefore subject to the requirements in this Part.
 +
<li>Securement of an adjoining ''water-shedding system'' shall be made in accordance with the requirements in the applicable Standard.
 +
<li>''Vegetated Roof Systems'' specified for
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>buildings up to 20 m (65') in height shall be designed to resist ''Specified Wind Loads'' using the [https://nrc.canada.ca/en/research-development/products-services/software-applications/wind-load-calculators-roof-cladding-vegetated-roof-assembly "Wind Load Calculator for Vegetated Roof Assembly"] or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior, and
 +
<li>buildings greater than 20 m (65') in height shall be designed to resist '' Specified Wind Loads'' using methods that are acceptable to the ''Authority Having Jurisdiction'' (AHJ).
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
====<big>Roofs with Ballast or Overburdens</big>====
+
====3.1.3.3. Resistance to Specified Wind Loads====
−
'''NOTE''': the reader must consult the Design and Application requirements in '''12.1 Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies''', together with requirements in '''14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM''' (with respect to ''Vegetated Roof Systems'').
+
 
−
#When vegetation and its growing media is intended as either ballast or overburden on any membrane roof assembly, the ''Design Authority'' must, in addition to calculating the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the roof assembly, determine the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the ''Vegetated Roof Systems'' (VRS), and the dimensions of the roof zones, using the [https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/windrci/agreementvra.html '''WIND-MVRA'''] online calculator tool or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior.  Note that this online resource applies only to buildings described on the Wind-RCI website at "low rise" and of moderate height (limited to 20 m or 65 feet) {{hilite | with a waterproofing assembly.  Designing appropriate securement of a VRS on roofs taller than 20 m (65') or with slopes greater than 2:12 must be undertaken by a licensed design professional using current wind engineering practices, and must be acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ). Securement methods and details of a VRS, regardless of building height and roof slope, are the responsibility of the ''Design Authority''. || 2020-February-15 }}
+
<ol>
−
#VRSs that are not modular, and VRSs on buildings that do not conform to the parameter of the Wind-VRA calculator, must be engineered to resist ''Specified Wind Loads''.
+
<li>The wind uplift resistance capabilities of the selected ''roof system'' must equal or exceed the ''Specified Wind Loads'' calculated for each roof zone to which the ''system'' will be applied (see [[#3.1.3.2. Calculation of Specified Wind Loads | Article 3.1.3.2.]]).
−
#{{hilite | Ballasted loose-laid membrane roof assemblies, and || 2020-July-3 }} assemblies designed as PMRAs or MPMRAs that utilize gravel ballast, must be designed for adequate securement {{hilite | by || 2020-February-15 }}
+
<li>Engineered designs to resist wind uplift may refer to the "British Columbia Building Code", Div. B, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbacr2 Appendix C, "Table C-2"], which lists various types of loads, including wind loads, for specific reference locations throughout the province.
−
##{{hilite | calculating the Specified Wind Loads for the roof assembly. || 2020-February-15 }}
+
</li></ol>
−
##{{hilite | selecting the appropriate ballast using || 2020-February-15 }}
 
−
###the RGC ballast guide (see '''3.3.2 Ballasted Roof Assemblies''', and  '''12.1 Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies''').
 
−
###the [https://www.dow.com/webapps/lit/litorder.asp?filepath=styrofoam/pdfs/noreg/179-00044.pdf '''DOW 508.2 Ballast Design Guide for PMR Systems'''].
 
−
###{{hilite | a custom-engineered system. || 2020-February-15 }}
 
−
#When pavers are selected as ballast for a PMRA or MPMRA, the ''Design Authority'' is responsible for determining the support and placement of pavers to resist wind uplift.
 
−
#''Modified Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies'' (MPMRAs) must be designed for wind resistance following the requirements for PMRAs and conventionally insulated roof assemblies.
 
−
#The ''Design Authority'' is responsible for determining the proper securement of any overburden intended for placement on top of the roof platform.  For design, material and installation standards pertaining to roofs as platforms, refer in this '''Manual''' to '''14 The ROOF as a PLATFORM'''.
 
  
−
==Materials==
+
====3.1.3.4. Resistance to Other Loads====
−
===Material Substitutions in Tested Assemblies===
 
−
#When a manufacturer's ''Tested Assembly'' incorporates materials (and listed alternates) that are not part of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', the ''Design Authority'' must identify appropriate substitutions for those materials from the list of [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Materials_by_Product_Type RoofStar-accepted Materials] and consult the manufacturer concerning compatibility with the ''Tested Assembly''.
 
  
−
===Gravel Ballast===
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>Gravel ballast used to secure a ''Protected Membrane Roof Assembly'' (or Modified PMRA) assembly must be clean, washed, round or crushed stone, falling within the following gradations:
+
<li>In addition to its capacity to resist ''Specified Wind Loads'', the ''roof system'' must be capable of resisting or accommodating
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>35 mm (1 ½") - 100 % Passing
+
<li>all anticipated live and dead loads, including (without limitation) other environmental loads, such as rain and snow, expected for the building’s size and location,
−
<li>25 mm (1") 70 - 100 % Passing
+
<li>gravity ("drag") loads,
−
<li>20 mm (¾") 5 - 20 % Passing
+
<li>{{hilite | loads from ''overburden'' || 2023-June-16 }} (See [[#Part 14 - The Roof as a Platform | Part 14]]), and
−
<li>12.7 mm (½") 0 - 6 % Passing
+
<li>thermal expansion and contraction of the ''roof system'' components.
−
<li>5 mm (3/16") 0 - 2 % Passing
+
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
−
<br>
+
 
−
Any variance to the above must be accepted in writing by the owner or the owner's representative, and submitted to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' as part of the Guarantee record.
+
====3.1.3.5. Submittals====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>The ''Design Authority'' must submit documentation in support of a "System with Proven Past Performance", as required in [[#3.1.4.3. Specifying an Assembly with Proven Past Performance | Article 3.1.4.3.]]
 
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
  
−
===Fasteners and Adhesives===
+
===3.1.4. Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems===
−
The following minimum standards apply to any roof assembly, regardless of requirements published elsewhere.
+
(The requirements in [[#3.1.3. All Systems | Subsection 3.1.3., "All Systems"]], shall be read together with the following articles)
 +
 
 +
====3.1.4.1. Securement Against Specified Wind Loads====
 +
(See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.1.4.1.| Note A-3.1.4.1.]])
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>New and fully replaced ''conventionally insulated systems'' shall satisfy the requirements of the "British Columbia Building Code" and this Part, and shall be (when applicable)
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>Fasteners and adhesives must be capable of securing the roof assembly components for ''Specified Wind Loads''.</li>
+
<li>an Adhesive Applied Roof System ("AARS"),
−
<li><span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' should specify the correct type of fastener, keeping in mind</span>
+
<li>a Partially Attached Roof System ("PARS"), or
 +
<li>a Mechanically Attached Roof System ("MARS"),
 +
</li></ol>
 +
which may be specified as
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li><span class="principles">pull-out strength.</span></li>
+
<li>{{hilite | a ''Tested Assembly''|| 2020-July-3 }},
−
<li><span class="principles">corrosion resistance (contributing factors to fastener corrosion may include dissimilar metal contact, excessive building humidity, corrosive chemicals within components of the assembly, or corrosive elements provided within the building envelope etc.)</span>.</li>
+
<li>{{hilite | an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance''|| 2020-July-3 }}, or
−
</ol>
+
<li>{{hilite | an ''assembly'' with custom-engineered securement|| 2020-July-3 }}.
−
<li> Unless otherwise listed in the assembly components of a ''Tested Assembly'', self-drilling screws with recessed heads must be used in combination with plates as follows:<br>
+
</li></ol>
−
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto;border-color:#E7E9E9;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;" 
+
</li></ol>
−
|+ Table 3.1  Minimum Fastener and Plate Requirements
+
 
−
|-
+
====3.1.4.2. Specifying a Tested Assembly====
−
! Material !! Fastener<br>Size !! Plate
+
(See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.1.4.2.| Note A-3.1.4.2.]])
−
|-
 
−
| Deck overlays || #12 || 73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
 
−
|-
 
−
| Insulation || #12  || 73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
 
−
|-
 
−
| Insulation Overlays || #12  || 73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
 
−
|-
 
−
|  Membranes || #14  || Proprietary
 
−
|-
 
−
|}</li>
 
−
<li>Adhesives listed in a selected ''Tested Assembly'' must be used to secure applicable layers within the roof assembly.  Adhesives may be substituted only with products listed in the ''Tested Assembly'' report.</li>
 
−
<li>In the absence of a ''Tested Assembly'', or for adhered and partially adhered assemblies with proven past performance, adhesives must be acceptable to the manufacturers of the roof assembly components.</li>
 
−
<li>Bitumen used as a hot-applied adhesive must be Type 3 or SEBS.</li>
 
−
</ol>
 
  
−
==Application==
+
<ol>
−
('''NOTE''': this section is critical for both the ''Design Authority'' and the ''Contractor'')<br>
+
<li>Only roof assemblies that have been tested by qualified facilities wholly independent of ''roof system'' manufacturers, using CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition), will be considered valid ''Tested Assemblies'', for the purposes of this Standard  (See [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/CSA_A123.21_Qualified_Test_Facilities '''here'''] for a list of qualified testing agencies).
 +
<li><span class="recommended">The ''Design Authority'' is strongly encouraged to specify the application of a ''Tested Assembly'', for any design of a new or fully replaced membrane waterproofing ''roof system''</span>.
 +
<li>The ''Design Authority'' must use only the test observation readings that have been adjusted for the "Safety Factor" (CSA-A123.21, prior to  the 2019 edition) or the "Resistance Factor" (CSA-A123.21, 2019 and newer), which must equal or exceed the highest ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the roof (this adjusted value is called the ''Dynamic Uplift Resistance'', or DUR.  See Figure 3.1.4.-A).
 +
<li>When a ''Tested Assembly'' report indicates only one system of securement, that system shall be applied to all roof zones; alternatively, zone-specific securement requirements may be extrapolated by a ''Registered Professional'' "skilled in the work concerned", using ANSI-SPRI WD-1, "Wind Design Standard Practice for Roofing Assemblies" (see the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 5, Notes to Part 5, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp5n "A-5.2.2.2.(4)"]).
  
−
A properly secured roof assembly is the product of three essential steps:
+
{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
−
:{| class="wikitable"
+
|+{{hilite | <small>Figure 3.1.4.-A (Click to expand)</small> || 2020-July-3 }}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| '''Step 1''': Calculate the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the roof.
+
| [[File:Figure 3.4.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/d/d8/Figure_3.4.jpg | 250 px]]
−
'''Step 2''': Select the type of ''Roof Assembly'' representative of the roof (conventionally insulated, or a Protected/Modified Protected Membrane Roof Assembly).<br>
 
−
'''Step 3''': Design the securement system using available options, depending upon the type of assembly.
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
This section breaks down the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' according to these three fundamental steps. The Standards published in this section are the minimum requirements, regardless of fastener or adhesive requirements in a ''Tested Assembly'', an assembly with proven past performance, or any other assembly designed by other methodologies.
+
====3.1.4.3. Specifying an Assembly with Proven Past Performance====
  
−
===Step 1: Calculate Specified Wind Loads===
+
(See the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 5, Notes to Part 5, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp5n "A-5.1.4.1.(5)"] for an expanded explanation of the tests for "proven past performance")
−
{| class="wikitable floatleft" | style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: 10px; border: none;"
 
−
|-
 
−
| [[File:Figure 3.3.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/6/6f/Figure_3.3.jpg |40 px]]
 
−
|}
 
−
The information in this section may assist the ''Design Authority'' in better understanding the complexities of calculating specified wind loads, how wind affects a roof and each of its zones, and how to properly apply fastener or adhesive configurations for each zone and its respective specified wind loads.
 
  
−
<span class="reference">''Specified Wind Loads'' are forces exerted by wind which, in the case of {{hilite | waterproofing roof assemblies|| 2020-February-15 }}, both push and lift the roof assembly or its components.  Often, the upward or uplift forces are expressed as a negative value (negative pressure), but these are influenced by many variables including, without limitation, wind speed, building height, roof slope, wall openings, roof overhangs and ground roughness</span>.
+
<ol>
 +
<li>A new ''conventionally insulated'' ''roof assembly'' (the ''new roof assembly'') may be designed using a ''model roof assembly'' as a reference (the roof ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance''), but only when
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>a ''Tested Assembly'' cannot be used,
 +
<li>the material components identified in a ''Tested Assembly'' are not accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', and the test report offers no RoofStar-accepted alternates,
 +
<li>a ''Tested Assembly'' is not available because a material or ''system'' has not been tested, or because the ''Specified Wind Loads'' exceed the capacity of an available or suitable ''Tested Assembly'',
 +
<li>the ''model roof assembly''
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>is an existing ''roof assembly'' constructed on a real, existing building (the ''model building''),
 +
<li>demonstrates resistance to negative wind loads that are the same as, or greater than, the ''Specified Wind Loads'' which the ''new roof assembly'' must be designed to resist,
 +
<li>has a history of performance equal to or longer than the expected service life of the ''new roof assembly'', and
 +
<li>is designed with only RoofStar-accepted materials that possess properties "identical or superior to those of the...assembly used as a reference" (Ref. the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 5, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dbp5n "Notes to Part 5"]),
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>the ''model building''
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>is similar in dimensions, exposure, openings, and importance to the building that will support the ''new roof assembly'', and
 +
<li>is situated in conditions representative of the building that will support the ''new roof assembly'' (the term "representative" refers to conditions that include, without limitation, dynamic loads caused by proximity to other structures because of funneling or building harmonics).
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>To qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', a ''new roof assembly'' patterned after an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'' must be supported with a letter of assurance provided to the '''''Guarantor''''' by the ''Design Authority'', or by the manufacturer of the ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'', signed by the Principal or a person having the authority of the Principal, stating that the ''new roof assembly'' will resist the ''Specified Wind Loads'' calculated for the ''new roof assembly''.
 +
<li>A ''new roof assembly'' patterned after an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'' may be used for partial roof replacement.
 +
<li>Published approvals issued by an insurer or underwriter, or roof assembly designs warranted or guaranteed by anyone other than the '''''Guarantor''''', do not satisfy the requirements for a roof ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance''.
 +
</li></ol>
  
 +
====3.1.4.4. Specifying a Custom-engineered Securement Design====
  
−
<span class="principles">Specified Wind Loads for membrane roof assemblies should be calculated using the available online{{hilite | [https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/windrci/agreement.html '''Wind-RCI online wind calculator'''] or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior (click [http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/5/5d/Sample_RCI_Report.pdf '''here'''] for a sample report).</span> || 2020-February-15 }} When the Wind-RCI calculator is not suitable (as, for example, when a building exceeds 150 feet in height), the ''Design Authority'' must refer to the BC Building Code, Div. B, Parts 4 and 5 for further guidance.
+
<ol>
 +
<li>When, for various reasons, a system of securement cannot be designed using either a ''Tested Assembly'' or an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'', the securement system must be designed by a ''Registered Professional'' "skilled in the work concerned" (See the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Part 2, [http://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dcp2s22r2 Article 2.2.1.2., "Structural Design"]).
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
The report generated by the Wind-RCI calculator will specify the wind loads for the corners, the perimeter and the roof field.  These zone loads must be applied in Step 3 when determining the method of roof assembly securement.
+
===3.1.5. Uninsulated Systems===
 +
(The requirements in [[#3.1.3. All Systems | Subsection 3.1.3., "All Systems"]], shall be read together with the following articles)
  
−
====Non-conforming Buildings====
+
====3.1.5.1. Securement against Specified Wind Loads====
  
−
When a building’s dimensions exceed the parameters of the Wind-RCI calculator, the following standards apply:
+
<ol>
−
#The ''Design Authority'' remains responsible for the proper design of a membrane roof assembly, regardless of its method of attachment. Refer to the BC Building Code, Div. B, Parts 4 and 5 for further guidance.
+
<li>All uninsulated ''roof systems'' must be designed to resist displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads'', using the options articulated in [[#3.1.4.1. Securement Against Specified Wind Loads | Article 3.1.4.1.]]
−
#Roof assemblies for non-conforming buildings must be engineered for proper securement to withstand wind loads.
+
</li></ol>
−
#Non-conforming building roof assemblies must incorporate RoofStar-accepted materials.
 
  
−
===Step 2: Select the Type of Roof Assembly===
+
===3.1.6. Protected Roof Systems===
−
{| class="wikitable floatleft" | style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: 10px; border: none;"
+
(The requirements in [[#3.1.3. All Systems | Subsection 3.1.3., "All Systems"]], shall be read together with the following articles)
−
|-
 
−
| [[File:Figure 3.3.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/6/6f/Figure_3.3.jpg |40 px]]
 
−
|}
 
−
Methods for securing the roof depend, in part, on the type of roof.  How a conventionally insulated roof is secured is quite different from the securement principles and methods for a ''Protected Membrane Roof Assembly''.  Conventionally insulated roofs that support any type of overburden should be treated like an uncovered roof, and secured accordingly (see below for options available to secure a conventional roof assembly); the ''Vegetated Assembly'' itself is subject to different securement methods, based on its own ''Specified Wind Loads''.  Protected Membrane assemblies, on the other hand, are secured completely separately.  Guidance for these also is provided below.
 
  
−
Follow the path in '''Step 3''' that fits with your roof assembly design.<br>
+
====3.1.6.1. Securement of Ballasted Roof Systems====
 +
(Also see [[#9.1.6. Protected Roof Systems | Subsection 9.1.6., "Protected Roof Systems"]])
  
−
===Step 3: Design Roof Assembly Securement===
+
<ol>
−
{| class="wikitable floatleft" | style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: 10px; border: none;"
+
<li>''Roof systems'' secured with gravel ballast, pavers, or a combination of each, must be designed to resist displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads'', regardless of any ''overburden'' the design may call for.
 +
<li>The securement of all ''roof systems'' held in place by ballast must be designed by a ''registered professional'' "skilled in the work concerned" ("British Columbia Building Code", Division C, [https://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dcp2s22r2 Section 2.2., "Administration"]), and ballast rates shall conform to
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>the minimum requirements in Table 3.1. (Ref. [[#3.3.5.1. Ballasted Systems | Article 3.3.5.1., "Ballasted Systems"]], and [[#9.3.6. Protected Roof Systems | Subsection 9.3.6., "Protected Roof Systems"]]), or
 +
<li>extrapolated values using ANSI-SPRI RP-4 (latest edition), "Wind Design Standard for Ballasted Single-ply Roofing Systems".
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite | Ballast size for all ballasted ''roof systems'' shall conform to ASTM D7655/D7655M-12, "Standard Classification for Size of Aggregate Used as Ballast for Membrane Roof Systems". || 2023-June-16 }}
 +
<li>To facilitate resistance to ''Specified Wind Loads'',
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast, and
 +
<li>a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li><span class="recommended">On roofs specified to utilize gravel ballast, no fewer than two parallel rows of pavers should be considered for ''Corner'' and ''Edge'' zones, to prevent or reduce wind scouring of the gravel</span>.
 +
<li>When pavers are selected as ballast for a ''roof system'', the ''Design Authority'' must determine the support and placement of pavers to resist displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.1., RGC Ballast Guide</small>
 +
|-
 +
! XPS Insulation<br>Thickness !! Stone Ballast Required Weight !! Ballast Depth<br>(approximate)
 +
|-
 +
|  Up to 50.8 mm (2") ||  60 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (12 lb./sf) ||  44.45 mm (1-3/4")
 +
|-
 +
|  76.2 mm (3") || 80 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (17 lb./sf) || 57.15 mm (2-1/4")
 +
|-
 +
| 101.6 mm (4") || 108 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (22 lb./sf) || 76.2 mm (3")
 +
|-
 +
| 125 mm (5") || 132 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (27 lb./sf) || 88.9 mm (3-1/2")
 +
|-
 +
| 152.4 mm (6") || 156 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (32 lb./sf) || 107.95 mm (4-1/4")
 +
|-
 +
| 177.8 mm (7") || 180 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (37 lb./sf) || 125 mm (5")
 +
|-
 +
| 203.2 mm (8") || 204 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (42 lb./sf) || 139.7 mm (5-1/2")
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:Figure 3.3.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/6/6f/Figure_3.3.jpg |40 px]]
 
 
|}
 
|}
−
The following {{hilite | Articles || 2020-July-3 }} provide guidance for each of the following roof assemblies:
 
−
:::*Conventionally insulated
 
−
:::*Ballasted
 
−
:::*Roofs supporting an overburden
 
−
:::*Partially replaced roofs
 
−
====Conventionally Insulated Roof Assemblies====
 
−
Whether the conventionally insulated roof is covered or uncovered, it must be secured using one of three methods.  These are presented below as a progression from simplicity to complexity, and from low cost (for the ''Design Authority'') to high cost.
 
  
−
If the intent of the ''Design Authority'' is to replace only a part of the existing roof system, see '''2.7.2''' for guidance and options.  See also '''3.3.3.4''' below.
+
====3.1.6.2. Securement of Modified Protected Roof Systems====
  
−
=====<u><big>Tested Assemblies</big></u>=====
+
<ol>
 +
<li>Modified ''protected roof systems'' shall be secured according to the requirements for ''conventionally insulated'' roofs supporting overburden.
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
<span class="reference">''Tested Assemblies'' are material components that have been selected by the membrane manufacturer, secured using one of three methods, and subsequently tested by an independent certified laboratory to determine the limits of the assembly’s ability to resist negative wind pressure (loads), or ‘wind uplift’. Each of the three methods is expressed with an acronym</span>:
+
===3.1.7. Roof Replacement and Alterations===
−
:[http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=MARS_Tested_Roof_Systems '''MARS''']<span class="reference">, or Mechanically Attached Roof Systems – these systems are held in place only with mechanical fasteners that are installed at the membrane layer</span>.
+
====3.1.7.1. Complete Roof System Replacement====
−
:[http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=PARS_Tested_Roof_Systems '''PARS''']<span class="reference">, or Partially Adhered Roof Systems – both mechanical fasteners and adhesives are used as a hybrid method of securement; the membrane is always adhered, using an applied adhesive or heat-welding</span>.
 
−
:[http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=AARS_Tested_Roof_Systems '''AARS''']<span class="reference">, or Adhesive Applied Roof Systems – these are roofs secured only with adhesives or heat-welded components</span>.
 
  
−
{{hilite | Only Tested Assemblies that have been tested by qualified facilities wholly independent of roof system manufacturers will be regarded by the RoofStar Guarantee Program as legitimate.  Click [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/CSA_A123.21_Qualified_Test_Facilities '''here'''] for a list of qualified testing agencies. || 2020-February-15 }}
+
<ol>
 +
<li>Complete ''roof system'' replacement ''projects'' must be designed to secure the new ''roof system'' against displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
To find a Tested Assembly, follow any of the links shown above.
+
====3.1.7.2. Partial Roof System Replacement====
−
#<span class="recommended">The ''Design Authority'' is strongly encouraged to specify the application of a ''Tested Assembly'', for any design of a new roof or full roof replacement</span>.
 
−
#The ''Design Authority'' must use only the test observation readings that have been adjusted for the Safety Factor.
 
−
#Tested Assembly observation readings, reduced by the Safety Factor, must equal or exceed the highest ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the roof. {{hilite | This is called the Dynamic Uplift Resistance (DUR) || 2020-July-3 }}.
 
−
#When a ''Tested Assembly'' report indicates only one system of securement, that system shall be applied to all roof zones.
 
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
<ol>
−
|+{{hilite | Figure 3.4 || 2020-July-3 }}
+
<li>Partial roof replacements must be designed to secure the ''roof system'' against displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads'', in keeping with the requirements in [[#3.1.3.2. Calculation of Specified Wind Loads | Article 3.1.3.2.]] (See also [[#3.3.6.2. Partial Roof Replacement | Article 3.3.6.2.]]).
−
|-
+
<li>When specifying securement for a partial roof replacement, the securement system must be designed and specified by the ''Design Authority'' (See also [[#1.1.4. Replacement and Alterations | Subsection 1.1.4., "Replacement and Alterations"]]); <span class="recommended">nevertheless, mechanical fastening, when practicable, is the recommended method for securing new materials to an existing ''roof system''</span> (See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.7.7.2. | Note A-3.1.7.2.]]).
−
| [[File:Figure 3.4.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/d/d8/Figure_3.4.jpg | 350 px]]
+
</li></ol>
−
|}
 
  
−
=====<u><big>Roof Assemblies with Proven Past Performance</big></u>=====
+
==Section 3.2. Materials==
 +
===3.2.1. Material Properties===
 +
====3.2.1.1. Substituting Materials Used in a Tested Assembly====
 +
(See [[Notes to SBS Standard#A-3.2.1.1. | Note A-3.2.1.1.]])
  
−
#A roof assembly with proven past performance is an assembly utilizing materials acceptable for the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', that has a proven track record of wind uplift resistance
+
<ol>
−
##for at least as long as the expected life of the roof assembly
+
<li>{{hilite | When a manufacturer's ''Tested Assembly'' incorporates materials (and listed alternates) that are not part of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', the ''Design Authority'' must identify appropriate substitutions for those materials from the list of|| 2021-October-30 }} [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Division_C:_Accepted_Materials RoofStar-accepted Materials], and obtain
−
##for buildings, and in conditions, that are reasonably representative of the ''Project'' the assembly will be specified for
+
<ol>
−
#Roof assemblies with proven past performance
+
<li>{{hilite | written approval from the technical manager of the ''manufacturer'' stating that the substituting material will not reduce the capabilities of the ''Tested Assembly''|| 2021-October-30 }}, or
−
##are an acceptable alternative to a ''Tested Assembly'' when
+
<li>{{hilite | a letter of support issued by a registered professional qualified to perform the work in Part 4 of the Building Code (Ref. the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Part 2, [http://free.bcpublications.ca/civix/document/id/public/bcbc2018/bcbc_2018dcp2s22r2 Article 2.2.1.2., "Structural Design"])|| 2021-October-30 }}.
−
###a ''Tested Assembly'' cannot be used.
+
</li></ol>
−
###material components in a Tested Assembly are not accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', and the ''Tested Assembly'' offers no suitable alternates.
+
<li><span class="principles">{{hilite | Any material substitution should|| 2021-October-30 }}</span>
−
###a ''Tested Assembly'' is not available because
+
<ol>
−
####a material or system has not been tested.
+
<li><span class="principles">{{hilite | be limited to one (1) material component from the ''Tested Assembly'', but the substitution of more than one material component is permissible provided the substitution complies with the other requirements in this Article|| 2021-October-30 }}</span>, and
−
####the ''Specified Wind Loads'' exceed the capacity of an available for suitable Tested Assembly.
+
<li><span class="principles">{{hilite | be made in keeping with the decision process flows for MARS, PARS and AARS assemblies published in|| 2021-October-30 }}</span> CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition), "Annex F".
−
##may be used for partial roof replacement.
+
</li></ol>
−
#Assemblies with proven past performance must be
+
<li>{{hilite | Because of its nature, a ''new roof assembly'' patterned after an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'' does not qualify for material substitution|| 2021-October-30 }}.
−
##designed to exceed the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the building .
+
</li></ol>
−
##supported with a signed letter of assurance, issued by the ''Design Authority'' or the manufacturer of the proven assembly, that the assembly will perform as required.
 
−
#Approvals issued by FM Global or another underwriter, for roof assemblies capable of resisting the Specified Wind Load of the Project, may be given consideration by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', but must be delivered to the RCABC for review and written acceptance, along with a letter of assurance from the ''Design Authority'' or the manufacturer.
 
  
−
=====<u><big>Engineered Designs</big></u>=====
+
===3.2.2. Securement Materials===
 +
====3.2.2.1. Fasteners====
  
−
When, for various reasons, a system of securement cannot be designed using either a ''Tested Assembly'' or an assembly with proven past performance, the ''Design Authority'' must have the securement system designed by a qualified engineer following the requirements of the BCBC.
+
<ol>
 +
<li>The minimum requirements in this Article apply to any ''roof system'', regardless of requirements published elsewhere.
 +
<li><span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' should specify the correct type of fastener, keeping in mind</span>
 +
<ol>
 +
<li><span class="principles">pull-out strength,</span> and
 +
<li><span class="principles">corrosion resistance (contributing factors to fastener corrosion may include dissimilar metal contact, excessive building humidity, corrosive chemicals within components of the ''roof system'', or corrosive elements provided within the building envelope etc.)</span>.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>Fasteners must be capable of securing the ''roof system'' components to resist ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 +
<li>Unless otherwise permitted in writing by the ''manufacturer'', fasteners shall be resin-coated, self-drilling screws manufactured with recessed heads, and must be used in combination with plates, as shown in Table 3.2.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
{|  class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto;border-color:#E7E9E9;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;" 
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.2.,  Minimum Fastener and Plate Requirements</small>
 +
|-
 +
! Material !! Fastener<br>Size !! Plate
 +
|-
 +
| Deck overlays || #12 || 73.03 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76.2 mm (3”) Round or Square
 +
|-
 +
| Insulation || #12  || 73.03 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76.2 mm (3”) Round or Square
 +
|-
 +
| Insulation Overlays || #12  || 73.03 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76.2 mm (3”) Round or Square
 +
|-
 +
|  Membranes || #14  || Proprietary
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
====3.2.2.2. Adhesives====
  
−
====Ballasted Roof Assemblies (PMRAs and MPMRAs)====
 
−
'''NOTE''': the reader must consult the Design and Application requirements for '''12.1 Protected and Modified Protected Membrane Roof Assemblies''', and for '''14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM''' (with respect to Vegetated Roof Systems).
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>Roof assemblies secured with gravel ballast, {{hilite | pavers or both|| 2020-July-3 }} must be designed to resist wind uplift, regardless of any overburden the design may call for.  To facilitate resistance to wind uplift,
+
<li>{{hilite | Adhesives used to secure any ''roof system'' materials must be acceptable to the ''manufacturer'' and be capable of resisting ''Specified Wind Loads''. || 2023-June-16 }}
 +
<li>Adhesives listed in a selected ''Tested Assembly''
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast.
+
<li>must be used to secure applicable layers within the ''roof system'', and
−
<li>a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast.
+
<li>may be substituted only with products listed in the ''Tested Assembly'' report.
−
<li>gravel ballast for a PMRA must conform to
+
</li></ol>
 +
<li>In the absence of a ''Tested Assembly'', or for adhered and partially attached ''roof assemblies'' with ''Proven Past Performance'', adhesives used to secure new roofing materials must be acceptable to the ''manufacturer'' and must be demonstrably capable of resisting ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 +
<li>Bitumen used as a hot-applied adhesive must be Type 3 or SEBS.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
====3.2.2.3. Gravel Ballast====
 +
(See also Table 3.1. in [[#3.1.6.1. Securement of Ballasted Roof Systems | Article 3.1.6.1.]])
 +
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>the following minimum requirements, {{hilite | subject to the calculations for wind uplift resistance|| 2020-July-3 }}:<br>
+
<li>Gravel ballast used to secure a ''roof system'' must be washed (clean) round or crushed stone, and must conform to ASTM D7655/D7655M-12, "Standard Classification for Size of Aggregate Used as Ballast for Membrane Roof Systems", or to Table 3.3.
−
:::{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
<li>The minimum requirements in this Article must not be reduced except by a written Variance that shall be endorsed in writing by the owner or the owner's representative, and submitted to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' as part of the '''''Guarantee''''' record.
−
|+ Table 3.2 RGC Ballast Guide
+
</li></ol>
−
|-
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
−
! XPS Insulation<br>Thickness !! Stone Ballast Required Weight !! Ballast Depth<br>(approximate)
+
|+ <small>Table 3.3., RGC Ballast Grade Guide</small>
−
|-
 
−
|  Up to 50 mm (2") ||  60 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (12 lb./sf) ||  40 mm (1 ¾")
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  75 mm (3") || 8r Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (17 lb./sf) || 60 mm (2 ¼")
+
! Nominal size !! Percentage Passing
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 100 mm (4") || 108 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (22 lb./sf) || 75 mm (3")
+
| 38.1 mm (1-1/2") || 100%
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 125 mm (5") || 132 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (27 lb./sf) || 90 mm (3 ½")
+
| 25.4 mm (1") || 70 - 100%
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 150 mm (6") || 156 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (32 lb./sf) || 105 mm (4 ¼")
+
| 19.05 mm (3/4") || 5 - 20 %
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 175 mm (7") || 180 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (37 lb./sf) || 125 mm (5")
+
| 12.7 mm (1/2") || 0 - 6 %
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 200 mm (8") || 204 Kg/M<sup>2</sup> (42 lb./sf) || 140 mm (5 ½")
+
| 4.76 mm (3/16") || 0 - 2 %
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
<li>{{hilite | the appropriate design derived from|| 2020-July-3 }} [https://www.dow.com/webapps/lit/litorder.asp?filepath=styrofoam/pdfs/noreg/179-00044.pdf '''DOW 508.2 Ballast Design Guide for PMR Systems'''].</li></ol></li></ol>
+
 
−
<li><span class="recommended">{{hilite | On roofs specified to utilize gravel ballast, no fewer than two parallel rows of pavers should be considered for Corner and Edge-zones, to prevent or reduce wind scouring of the gravel.  Pavers should be secured together when specified by the Ballast Design Guide|| 2020-July-3 }}</span>.
+
====3.2.2.4. Pavers and Pedestals====
−
<li>{{hilite | Loose-laid membranes held in place with gravel ballast must be secured with gravel ballast having sufficient size and weight to resist wind uplift, but shall in any event meet the following minimum requirements || 2020-July-3 }}:
+
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>Pavers that are partially supported (i.e., with pedestals) should be capable of resisting anticipated loads (i.e., hydraulically pressed concrete pavers).
 +
<li>Pedestals
 +
<ol>
 +
<li><span class="principles">should be adjustable when a level surface is required</span>,
 +
<li>must be purpose-made, and  
 +
<li>must include an integral spacer rib measuring at least a 3.18 mm (1/8”) in width, to uniformly separate pavers.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
==Section 3.3. Application==
 +
===3.3.1. Guarantee Term Requirements===
 +
====3.3.1.1. RoofStar 5-year and RoofStar 10-year Guarantee====
 +
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>{{hilite | Coverage: 60 kg/sq. m (12 lb/sq. ft)|| 2020-July-3 }}.
+
<li>To qualify for a '''''RoofStar 5-year''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-year Guarantee''''', all ''projects'' shall comply with the requirements in this Part.
−
<li>{{hilite | Ballast size: nominal ¾" to 1½" (19.0 mm to 38.1 mm) diameter stone meeting ASTM D 448 size #4 using ASTM C-136|| 2020-July-3 }}.</li></ol>
 
 
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
−
<br>
 
−
:{{hilite | See also '''9.3.4 Loose-laid Ballasted Membranes'''|| 2020-July-3 }}.
 
  
−
====Roofs Supporting an Overburden====
+
====3.3.1.2. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee====
−
#Any supported overburden must be installed in keeping with the designed securement methods and systems specified by the ''Design Authority'', and must equal or exceed the ''Specified Wind Loads'' for the roof.
 
−
#''Vegetated Roof Systems'' (VRSs) constructed in modules must be secured according to the methods specified by the ''Design Authority''.
 
  
−
====Partial Roof Replacements====
+
<ol>
−
#When only a portion of an existing roof system is specified for replacement, the new materials must be secured to resist wind uplift.  See also '''1.4.2 Replacement Roofing'''.
+
<li>All ''projects'' intended to qualify for a '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee''''' shall comply with the requirements in this Standard for a '''''RoofStar 5-year''''' or '''''RoofStar 10-year Guarantee''''', and shall
−
#Mechanical fastening is the most reliable method for securing new materials installed over an existing roof assembly.  {{hilite | When mechanical fastening is not practicable, the system of securement must be supported by one of the following options|| 2020-July-3 }}:
+
<ol>
−
#{{hilite | A custom-engineered design|| 2020-July-3 }}.
+
<li>conform to the specified design when enhanced ''roof system'' securement is required (See [[#3.1.2.1. RoofStar 5-year and RoofStar 10-year Guarantee | Article 3.1.2.1.]]).
−
#{{hilite | A system design with Proven Past Performance (accompanied by a letter of assurance; see the requirements under '''3.3.3.1.2 Roof Assemblies with Proven Past Performance''')|| 2020-July-3 }}.
+
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
  
−
<br>
+
===3.3.2. All Systems===
−
=====<big><u>Mechanical Fastening</u></big>=====
+
====3.3.2.1. Securing Systems with Mechanical Fasteners====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>Unless otherwise specified by a ''Tested Assembly'', a ''roof assembly'' with ''Proven Past Performance'', or a custom-engineered ''assembly'',
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>When mechanical fastening is specified by the ''Design Authority'' as the securement method, the minimum number and pattern of fasteners mandated by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published below prevail unless exceeded by another reliable method.
+
<li>fastener patterns shall conform to Tables 3.5. through 3.10.,
−
<li>Multiple layers of insulation that are mechanically fastened must be secured together, as if they are a single layer.
+
<li>the minimum number of fasteners must conform to the requirements in Table 3.4., and
−
<li>Mechanical fasteners must penetrate
+
<li>fasteners shall be installed at least 152.4 mm (6”) from panel corners, measured from each edge of the panel, but the precise placement of fasteners shall be confirmed with the ''manufacturer''.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>Fasteners used to secure boards from curling, or to secure boards at slope transitions, shall be additional to the minimum number of fasteners and plates required by a ''Tested Assembly'', a ''roof assembly'' with ''Proven Past Performance'', a custom-engineered ''assembly'', or the patterns shown in Tables 3.4. through 3.10.
 +
<li>When mechanically attached membranes are installed together with new insulation, the ''insulation assembly'' {{hilite | (with or without an ''insulation overlay'')|| 2020-July-3 }} must be held in place independently from the membrane, with no fewer than four (4) fasteners per panel.
 +
<li>{{hilite | Regardless of where fasteners are used in the ''roof system'', when they penetrate and secure another material to a substrate, mechanical fasteners must conform to the requirements illustrated in {{hilite | Figure 3.4.|| 2021-October-30 }} and shall (unless exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements)|| 2020-July-3 }}
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>steel decks at least 20 mm (3/4") – <span class="principles">fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only</span>.
+
<li>{{hilite |penetrate through the bottom surface of|| 2021-October-30 }}
−
<li>into solid dimensional lumber or plywood sheathing by at least 25 mm (1").
 
−
<li>{{hilite | through plywood sheathing by at least 19 mm (3/4”)|| 2020-July-3 }}.</li></ol>
 
−
<br>
 
−
::{{hilite | These Standards may be exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements|| 2020-July-3 }}.
 
−
<li>When mechanically attached membranes are installed together with new insulation, the insulation assembly {{hilite | (with or without an Overlay)|| 2020-July-3 }} must be held in place independently from the membrane, {{hilite | with no fewer than four (4) fasteners per panel|| 2020-July-3 }}.
 
−
<li>'''Table 3.3''' shows the minimum required number of fasteners, unless otherwise specified by a ''Tested Assembly'', {{hilite | an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'', or a ''custom-engineered assembly''|| 2020-July-3 }}.  Also see the required patterns, displayed below the table:
 
 
<ol>
 
<ol>
−
<li>Fasteners must be installed no more than 150 mm (6”) from panel corners, measured from each edge of the panel.
+
<li>steel ''decks'' at least 19.05 mm (3/4") (<span class="principles">fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only)</span>, and
−
<li>Fasteners used to secure boards from curling, or to secure boards at slope transitions, shall be in addition to the minimum number of fasteners and plates required by the patterns shown in '''Table 3.4'''.</li></ol>
+
<li>{{hilite | plywood sheathing by at least 19.05 mm (3/4")|| 2021-October-30 }}.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>{{hilite |penetrate into solid dimensional lumber or concrete by at least 25.4 mm (1")|| 2021-October-30 }}.
 +
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
 
</li></ol>
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
:{| class="wikitable" style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
−
|+ Table 3.3 RGC Mechanical Fastening (minimum requirements)
+
|+ <small>Figure 3.3.2.-A (Click to expand)<br>(Note: these requirements may be exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements)</small>
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Figure 3.5.jpg|link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/9/95/Figure_3.5.jpg| 500 px]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.4., RGC Mechanical Fastening (minimum requirements)</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  Material Dimensions
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  Material Dimensions
Line 329: Line 479:
 
!  colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"      |  Corner
 
!  colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"      |  Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  1200mm x 2400mm (4’ x 8’) ||  ||  ||   
+
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  1219.2 mm x 2438.4 mm (48" x 96") ||  ||  ||   
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Deck Overlay supporting mechanically attached materials ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background:#ffffcc;"  | 4  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background:#ffffcc;"  | 4
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Deck Overlay supporting mechanically attached materials ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background:#ffffcc;"  | 4  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background:#ffffcc;"  | 4
Line 340: Line 490:
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
 
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  1200mm x 1800mm (4’ x 6’)  ||  ||  ||
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  1219.2 mm x 1828.8 mm (48" x 72")  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 8  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 12
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 8  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 12
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
 
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  1200mm x 1200mm (4’ x 4’)  ||  ||  ||
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  1219.2 mm x 1219.2 mm (48" x 48")  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 5 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 8
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 5 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 8
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
 
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  900mm x 100mm (3’ x 4’)    ||  ||  ||
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  914.4 mm x 1219.2 mm (36" x 48")    ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 7
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 7
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
 
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  600mm x 2400mm (2’ x 8’)    ||  ||  ||
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  609.6 mm x 2438.4 mm (24" x 96")    ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 5 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 8
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 5 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 6  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 8
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
 
−
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  600mm x 1200mm (2’ x 4’)  ||  ||  ||  
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"      |  609.6 mm x 1219.2 mm (24" x 48")  ||  ||  ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 5
 
| style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"  | Insulation ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4 ||  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 4  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #ffffcc;"  | 5
Line 371: Line 526:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
:{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
+
:{{hilite | NOTE: Tables 3.5. through 3.10. illustrate fastener patterns and placement based on historical Guarantee requirements, to provide optimum wind uplift resistance. These patterns are to be used only when patterns are not provided in a ''Tested Assembly'', a ''roof assembly'' with ''Proven Past Performance'', or in a custom-engineered ''assembly''.  Fasteners may be located within 50.8 mm (2") of position shown in diagrams in any direction, but this must be validated by the ''manufacturer''. || 2023-June-16 }}
−
|+ Table 3.4 RGC Fastener pattern requirements (illustrated)
+
 
−
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  1200mm x 2400mm (4’ x 8’)
+
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.5. (Click on drawing to expand)</small>
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  1219.2 mm x 2438.4 mm (48" x 96")
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
Line 379: Line 536:
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:3852-4x48-4.gif]]  '''4 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-4x48-4.gif]]  '''4 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-4x48-4.gif]]  '''4 Fasteners'''
+
| style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x8 (4 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/4/4f/Table_3.4_-_4x8_%284_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]]  '''4 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x8 (4 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/4/4f/Table_3.4_-_4x8_%284_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]]  '''4 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x8 (4 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/4/4f/Table_3.4_-_4x8_%284_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]]  '''4 Fasteners'''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Perimeter
 +
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:3852-4x8-8.gif]] '''8 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-4x8-12.gif]] '''12 Fasteners'''  || [[File:3852-4x8-15.gif]] '''15 Fasteners'''
+
| style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x8 (8 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/b/b7/Table_3.4_-_4x8_%288_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''8 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x8 (12 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/c/c9/Table_3.4_-_4x8_%2812_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''12 Fasteners'''  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x8 (15 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/5/58/Table_3.4_-_4x8_%2815_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''15 Fasteners'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  1200mm x 1800mm (4’ x 6’)  
+
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.6. (Click on drawing to expand)</small>
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  1219.2 mm x 1828.8 mm (48" x 72")  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
Line 389: Line 554:
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:3852-4x6-6.gif]] '''6 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-4x6-8.gif]] '''8 Fasteners'''  || [[File:3852-4x6-12.gif]] '''12 Fasteners'''
+
| style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 4x6 (6 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/9/94/Table_3.5_-_4x6_%286_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''6 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 4x6 (8 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/8/88/Table_3.5_-_4x6_%288_fasteners%29.jpg | 300px]] '''8 Fasteners'''  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 4x6 (12 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/c/c7/Table_3.5_-_4x6_%2812_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''12 Fasteners'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  1200mm x 1200mm (4’ x 4’)
+
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.7. (Click on drawing to expand)</small>
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  1219.2 mm x 1219.2 mm (48" x 48")  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
Line 397: Line 566:
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:3852-4x4-5.gif]] '''5 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-4x4-6.gif]] '''6 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-4x4-8.gif]] '''8 Fasteners'''
+
| style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x4 (5 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/f/f6/Table_3.4_-_4x4_%285_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''5 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x4 (6 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/7/76/Table_3.4_-_4x4_%286_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''6 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.4 - 4x4 (8 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/7/76/Table_3.4_-_4x4_%288_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''8 Fasteners'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  900mm x 1200mm (3’ x 4’)  
+
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.8. (Click on drawing to expand)</small>
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  914.4 mm x 1219.2 mm (36" x 48")  
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
Line 405: Line 578:
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:3852-3x4-4.gif]] '''4 Fasteners'''  || [[File:3852-3x4-6.gif]] '''6 Fasteners'''  || [[File:3852-3x4-7.gif]] '''7 Fasteners'''
+
| style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 3x4 (4 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/9/9f/Table_3.5_-_3x4_%284_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''4 Fasteners'''  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 3x4 (6 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/d/d1/Table_3.5_-_3x4_%286_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''6 Fasteners'''  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 3x4 (7 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/e/ed/Table_3.5_-_3x4_%287_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''7 Fasteners'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  600mm x 2400mm (2’ x 8’)
+
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.9. (Click on drawing to expand)</small>
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  609.6 mm x 2438.4 mm (24" x 96")
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
Line 413: Line 590:
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  [[File:3852-2x8-5.gif]] '''5 Fasteners'''  || [[File:3852-2x8-6.gif]] '''6 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-2x8-8.gif]] '''8 Fasteners'''
+
|  style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 2x8 (5 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/3/39/Table_3.5_-_2x8_%285_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''5 Fasteners'''  || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 2x8 (6 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/6/69/Table_3.5_-_2x8_%286_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''6 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 2x8 (8 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/7/76/Table_3.5_-_2x8_%288_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''8 Fasteners'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  600mm x 1200mm (2’ x 4’)
+
|}
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
 +
|+ <small>Table 3.10. (Click on drawing to expand)</small>
 +
! colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="width: 500px;vertical-align:centre;text-align:center;background: #A9A9A9;"  |  609.6 mm x 1219.2 mm (24" x 48")
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Field  
Line 421: Line 602:
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="width: 300px; vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"  | Corner
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[File:3852-2x4-4.gif]] '''4 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-2x4-4.gif]] '''4 Fasteners''' || [[File:3852-2x4-5.gif]] '''5 Fasteners'''
+
| style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 2x4 (4 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/f/f9/Table_3.5_-_2x4_%284_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''4 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 2x4 (4 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/f/f9/Table_3.5_-_2x4_%284_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''4 Fasteners''' || style="width: 100px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;background: #fff;"  | [[File:Table 3.5 - 2x4 (5 fasteners).jpg | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/b/b3/Table_3.5_-_2x4_%285_fasteners%29.jpg | 300 px]] '''5 Fasteners'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
::NOTE: Fastener locations are for optimum uplift resistance. Fasteners may be located within 50 mm (2") of position shown in diagrams in any direction.
+
====3.3.2.2. Securing Systems with Adhesives====
  
−
=====<big><u>Adhesive Applied</u></big>=====
+
<ol>
−
#Adhesives may be used to secure new roofing materials to an existing roof system, provided the specific application procedures and methods are engineered by or for the ''Design Authority''.
+
<li><span class="principles">Adhesives may be used to secure new roofing materials to an existing ''roof system''</span>, provided the specific application procedures and methods are engineered by or for the ''Design Authority''.
−
#Notwithstanding the above, the minimum requirements set out in '''7.3.2.4''' apply.
+
<li>Notwithstanding Sentence (1), the use of adhesive to secure insulation shall conform to [[#7.3.3.1. Adhesive-applied Insulation | Article 7.3.3.1.]]
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
====3.3.2.3. Securing Roofs with Overburden====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>Any ''overburden'', including ''Vegetated Roof Systems'', must be installed in keeping with the designed securement methods and systems specified by the ''Design Authority'', and in alignment with the requirements in [[#Part 14 - The Roof as a Platform | Part 14]].
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===3.3.3. Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems===
 +
(The requirements in [[#3.3.2. All Systems | Subsection 3.3.2., "All Systems"]], shall be read together with the following articles)
 +
 
 +
====3.3.3.1. General Requirements====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>New and fully replaced ''Conventionally Insulated Systems'' must be secured to conform to the Building Code, and shall be capable of resisting displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads'' using
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>a ''Tested Assembly'',
 +
<li>an ''Assembly with Proven Past Performance'', or
 +
<li>an ''assembly'' with custom-engineered securement.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===3.3.4. Uninsulated Systems===
 +
(The requirements in [[#3.3.2. All Systems | Subsection 3.3.2., "All Systems"]], shall be read together with the following articles)
 +
 
 +
====3.3.4.1. General Requirements====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>All uninsulated ''roof systems'' that are not secured with ballast shall conform to the requirements in [[#3.1.4.1. Securement Against Specified Wind Loads | Article 3.1.4.1.]] for ''conventionally insulated systems''.
 +
<li>Uninsulated ''roof systems'' secured with gravel ballast, pavers or both must be installed following the requirements in [[#3.3.5.1. Ballasted Systems|Article 3.3.5.1.]]
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===3.3.5. Protected Roof Systems===
 +
(The requirements in [[#3.3.2. All Systems | Subsection 3.3.2., "All Systems"]], shall be read together with the following articles)
 +
 
 +
====3.3.5.1. Ballasted Systems====
 +
(Note: the reader must consult the Design and Application requirements for ''protected roof systems'' in [[#Part 9 - Roof Field (Membrane Systems) | Part 9]]).
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>''Roof systems'' secured with gravel ballast, pavers, or both must be constructed to resist displacement by ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 +
<li>To facilitate resistance to ''Specified Wind Loads'',
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast,
 +
<li>a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast, and
 +
<li>gravel ballast must conform to the specified design.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>Gravel ballast shall
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>be washed (clean) round or crushed stone, and
 +
<li>be selected (according to the specified design) to resist flotation and ''Specified Wind Loads''.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>Pavers and unit-type masonry, such as brick or stone, must be supported by
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>purpose-made pedestals conforming to the requirements in [[#3.2.2.4. Pavers and Pedestals | Article 3.2.2.4.]],
 +
<li>a proprietary drainage layer overlaid with a filter fabric mat, or
 +
<li>a drainage layer of loose aggregate (such as pea gravel) measuring at least 25.4 mm (1”) in depth, installed over a filter fabric.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>Pedestals
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>must permit at least 12.7 mm (1/2″) of vertical separation between the paver and the underlying substrate, to provide airflow for drying surfaces and assist in leveling,
 +
<li><span class="principles">should not impede the flow of water or air, and</span>
 +
<li><span class="principles">should uniformly distribute the dead load of pavers, and other unit masonry products, as well as predicted live loads</span>.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
<li>Pavers must be tied together when specified by the design.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
===3.3.6. Roof Replacement and Alterations===
 +
====3.3.6.1. Complete Roof System Replacement====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>''Roof systems'' that are removed and replaced in their entirety (excluding the air or vapour controls, which may be left in place at the discretion of the ''Design Authority'') must be secured following the requirements for new ''roof systems''.
 +
</li></ol>
 +
 
 +
====3.3.6.2. Partial Roof Replacement====
 +
 
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>When only a portion of an existing ''roof system'' is specified for replacement, the new materials must be secured to resist ''Specified Wind Loads'' (See also [[#1.1.4. Replacement and Alterations | Subsection 1.1.4., "Replacement and Alterations"]]).
 +
<li>Mechanical fastening is the most reliable method for securing new materials installed over an existing ''roof assembly'', but when mechanical fastening is not practicable, the ''system'' of securement must be
 +
<ol>
 +
<li>custom-engineered, or
 +
<li>patterned after a ''roof assembly'' with ''Proven Past Performance'', in keeping with the requirements in [[#3.1.4.3. Specifying an Assembly with Proven Past Performance | Article 3.1.4.3.]]
 +
</ol></li>
 +
</ol></li>
 +
 
 +
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<div style="text-align:center">
 
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<br>
 
−
No reproduction of these Standards, in whole or in part, is lawful without the expressed permission of the RGC Guarantee Program.
 
 
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Latest revision as of 20:10, 12 September 2024



Contents

Wind Uplift Resource Centre

Securing the Roof Assembly

The following content is replicated from Part 3 of the Standard for SBS-modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Systems, located in Division B: Standards, and is largely identical to Part 3 found in any of the other membrane Standards available in this Manual. As a Part of an entire Standard, it must be read together with all the other Parts.

YVR Wind 1 (short).gif

Click on the gif above to see the full high-definition video, which illustrates why roof system securement requirements matter (NOTE: the video shows a mechanically fastened, conventionally insulated EPDM roof system constructed to the RoofStar Guarantee Standard of the time (2013). The membrane "flutter" in wind is common for this type of roof system).

Section 3.1. Design

3.1.1. General

3.1.1.1. Scope

(See Note A-3.1.1.1.)

  1. The scope of this Part and the Standard shall be as described in Division A, Part 1.
  2. This Part applies to all new roofs, and to both full and partial replacement roof systems.
  3. This Part sets out the requirements for
    1. material substitution (applicable to Tested Assemblies),
    2. fastener and adhesive application (minimum numbers and spacing),
    3. roofs that support overburden, or fixed amenities and equipment, and
    4. roofs where only part of the system must be replaced.
  4. Conventionally insulated roof systems designed and constructed with sheet membranes must be secured using
    1. a Tested Assembly (a membrane roof system, together with a specified roof deck, tested for its wind resistance capabilities using CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition)(See Note A-3.1.1.1.(4)), or
    2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance (an existing, representative roof system, together with a specified roof deck, which is used as a “proven” pattern for securing a new roof system on the building under consideration; see Article 3.1.4.3.).
  5. When neither of the foregoing options is available to the Design Authority to conform to the Code, the roof system must be secured using a custom engineered design (See Article 3.1.4.4.).

3.1.1.2. Intent

(See Note A-3.1.1.2.)

  1. The requirements in this Part intend to support and conform to or exceed the Building Code.

3.1.1.3. Limit of Liability under RoofStar Guarantee

  1. Notwithstanding Article 3.1.1.2., the materials presented herein are based on an interpretation of the Code and are not the Code itself; therefore, the reader is responsible to exercise good judgement, and to read, understand and comply with the Code, as and how it applies to the reader’s particular project and its design requirements.
  2. Where the Code can be shown to exceed the requirements, guiding principles, and recommendations of this Part or any related Part in this Standard, the Code shall prevail.
  3. Compliance with this Part or the Code does not guarantee that a roof will not succumb to forces exerted by wind, and therefore neither the Guarantor nor the Contractor will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, a roof system caused by wind; too many variables beyond the control of this Standard affect the wind resistance performance of a roof system, including (without limitation)
    1. the continuity or discontinuity of air and vapour control layers of the entire building enclosure,
    2. openings in the building (windows and doors, which are often occupant-controlled and not static), and
    3. wind strength, which may exceed the codified numeric wind speed values used to calculate wind resistance for the roof system (Ref. "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Appendix C, "Table C-1").

3.1.1.4. Definitions

  1. Words that appear in italics are defined in the Glossary. Additionally, the following terms are used in this Part:
    1. CSA Standard means the CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition).
    2. Registered Professional has the same meaning as that used in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Section 2.2., "Administration".
    3. Specified Wind Load means the calculated force of wind exerted on the roof of a specific building, according to the requirements in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, Section 4.1., "Structural Loads and Procedures".
    4. System of securement means a specific pattern of mechanical fasteners or adhesives, including specific materials or brands, size, and spacing.

3.1.2. Guarantee Term Requirements

3.1.2.1. RoofStar 5-year and RoofStar 10-year Guarantee

  1. To qualify for a RoofStar 5-year or RoofStar 10-year Guarantee, all projects shall comply with the requirements in this Part.

3.1.2.2. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

  1. To qualify for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee, all projects shall comply with the requirements in this Part for a RoofStar 5-year or RoofStar 10-year Guarantee, and shall
    1. comply with the higher securement requirements when enhanced roof system securement is required by the membrane manufacturer, to meet their system warranty requirements ("enhanced securement" may exceed the securement stated or specified in a Tested Assembly, an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or a custom-engineered design; see also Article 1.1.2.1., RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee, for further general requirements).

3.1.3. All Systems

3.1.3.1. Responsibility for Design

  1. The Design Authority is responsible for determining Specified Wind Loads for each roof system and each roof area of a project, including roofs that support Vegetated Roof Systems or any other overburden, amenities, or equipment.
  2. Acceptance of a roof for a RoofStar Guarantee is predicated on the assumption that the Design Authority has performed Due Diligence with respect to Specified Wind Loads and has provided the Contractor with sufficient information to construct a roof system that complies with the Code.

3.1.3.2. Calculation of Specified Wind Loads

  1. A registered professional "skilled in the work concerned" must perform or validate the calculation of Specified Wind Loads (See the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Part 2, Section 2.2., "Administration": Article 2.2.2.2., Structural Design), using
    1. the "Wind Uplift Resistance Calculator" (formerly "Wind-RCI"), or
    2. the formulae and procedures in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, Subsection 4.1.7.,"Wind Load" (See Note A-3.1.1.1.).
  2. Each roof area, at each level (elevation), shall be divided into three principal roof zones (Figure 3.1.), and the Design Authority shall be responsible for calculating the Specified Wind Loads for each zone (Ref. the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, Article 4.1.7.6., "External Pressure Coefficients for Low Buildings").
  3. Roof zones are defined in this Standard as follows:
    1. Field (F) – the interior of the roof bounded by the Edge and the Corners.
    2. Edge (E) – the perimeter zone (minus the corners), measured as either 10% of the smallest building width ("least horizontal dimension"), or 40% of the building height, whichever is less. Notwithstanding the requirements in the "British Columbia Building Code", the Edge zone shall not be less than 2.0 m (7').
    3. Corner (C) – part of the perimeter but not less than 2.0 m x 2.0 m (7’ x7’) in size, the Corner area is defined by the Edge in both directions at the corners. Where the roof geometry includes an inside corner, the corner zone dimensions shall be the same as those for an outside corner, applied equidistant in each direction from the inside corner (Figure 3.1.3.-A).
    Figure 3.1.3.-A (Click to expand)
    Figure 3.1.3.2.-A (Wind Zones).jpg


  4. A roof area that is divided into smaller segments by means of control joints (roof dividers, i.e., a fire wall) or expansion joints, shall be considered one roof area for the purpose of calculating the Specified Wind Loads, unless the height of a control joint or expansion joint exceeds 1 m (39"), in which case the Specified Wind Loads for each roof segment shall be calculated separately (See Figure 3.1.3.-B).
  5. When a building is designed with multiple roof levels (at different elevations), and the roofs are adjacent each other (having a common wall), the Specified Wind Loads for each level, and for each roof area on that level, shall be calculated separately from loads for the adjacent level, unless the elevation difference between adjacent roof levels is less than 1.524 m (5’) (Ref. Figure 3.1.3.-B).
  6. When the shape of a single-level roof varies in width or length, the smallest width dimensions shall be used in the calculation of Specified Wind Loads (Ref. “minimum effective width” as defined in the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 4, Article 4.1.7.2., "Classification of Buildings").
    Figure 3.1.3.-B (Click to expand)
    Figure 3.1.3.-B.png


  7. When a roof area intersects the corner of a wall, the Edge zone on either side of the wall corner must be treated as a roof Corner (2 x C) (Figure 3.1.3.-B).
  8. When an existing roof system is specified for partial replacement, the Design Authority must
    1. calculate the Specified Wind Loads for the roof,
    2. determine if securement of the remaining roof components (left in situ) is sufficient to resist the Specified Wind Loads,
    3. determine a suitable method of securement or have the system of securement engineered, and
    4. calculate and design securement for any overburden, amenities, or equipment.
  9. Roof systems should be designed in conjunction with the electrical systems for the building, to avoid unnecessary interference with roof system securement (See also Subsection 2.1.8., "Electrical Cables and Boxes").
  10. Mansards are a roof system and are therefore subject to the requirements in this Part.
  11. Securement of an adjoining water-shedding system shall be made in accordance with the requirements in the applicable Standard.
  12. Vegetated Roof Systems specified for
    1. buildings up to 20 m (65') in height shall be designed to resist Specified Wind Loads using the "Wind Load Calculator for Vegetated Roof Assembly" or, in the alternative, another method that is its equal or superior, and
    2. buildings greater than 20 m (65') in height shall be designed to resist Specified Wind Loads using methods that are acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).

3.1.3.3. Resistance to Specified Wind Loads

  1. The wind uplift resistance capabilities of the selected roof system must equal or exceed the Specified Wind Loads calculated for each roof zone to which the system will be applied (see Article 3.1.3.2.).
  2. Engineered designs to resist wind uplift may refer to the "British Columbia Building Code", Div. B, Appendix C, "Table C-2", which lists various types of loads, including wind loads, for specific reference locations throughout the province.

3.1.3.4. Resistance to Other Loads

  1. In addition to its capacity to resist Specified Wind Loads, the roof system must be capable of resisting or accommodating
    1. all anticipated live and dead loads, including (without limitation) other environmental loads, such as rain and snow, expected for the building’s size and location,
    2. gravity ("drag") loads,
    3. loads from overburden (See Part 14), and
    4. thermal expansion and contraction of the roof system components.

3.1.3.5. Submittals

  1. The Design Authority must submit documentation in support of a "System with Proven Past Performance", as required in Article 3.1.4.3.

3.1.4. Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems

(The requirements in Subsection 3.1.3., "All Systems", shall be read together with the following articles)

3.1.4.1. Securement Against Specified Wind Loads

(See Note A-3.1.4.1.)

  1. New and fully replaced conventionally insulated systems shall satisfy the requirements of the "British Columbia Building Code" and this Part, and shall be (when applicable)
    1. an Adhesive Applied Roof System ("AARS"),
    2. a Partially Attached Roof System ("PARS"), or
    3. a Mechanically Attached Roof System ("MARS"),

    which may be specified as

    1. a Tested Assembly,
    2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or
    3. an assembly with custom-engineered securement.

3.1.4.2. Specifying a Tested Assembly

(See Note A-3.1.4.2.)

  1. Only roof assemblies that have been tested by qualified facilities wholly independent of roof system manufacturers, using CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition), will be considered valid Tested Assemblies, for the purposes of this Standard (See here for a list of qualified testing agencies).
  2. The Design Authority is strongly encouraged to specify the application of a Tested Assembly, for any design of a new or fully replaced membrane waterproofing roof system.
  3. The Design Authority must use only the test observation readings that have been adjusted for the "Safety Factor" (CSA-A123.21, prior to the 2019 edition) or the "Resistance Factor" (CSA-A123.21, 2019 and newer), which must equal or exceed the highest Specified Wind Loads for the roof (this adjusted value is called the Dynamic Uplift Resistance, or DUR. See Figure 3.1.4.-A).
  4. When a Tested Assembly report indicates only one system of securement, that system shall be applied to all roof zones; alternatively, zone-specific securement requirements may be extrapolated by a Registered Professional "skilled in the work concerned", using ANSI-SPRI WD-1, "Wind Design Standard Practice for Roofing Assemblies" (see the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 5, Notes to Part 5, "A-5.2.2.2.(4)").
    Figure 3.1.4.-A (Click to expand)
    Figure 3.4.jpg

3.1.4.3. Specifying an Assembly with Proven Past Performance

(See the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 5, Notes to Part 5, "A-5.1.4.1.(5)" for an expanded explanation of the tests for "proven past performance")

  1. A new conventionally insulated roof assembly (the new roof assembly) may be designed using a model roof assembly as a reference (the roof Assembly with Proven Past Performance), but only when
    1. a Tested Assembly cannot be used,
    2. the material components identified in a Tested Assembly are not accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program, and the test report offers no RoofStar-accepted alternates,
    3. a Tested Assembly is not available because a material or system has not been tested, or because the Specified Wind Loads exceed the capacity of an available or suitable Tested Assembly,
    4. the model roof assembly
      1. is an existing roof assembly constructed on a real, existing building (the model building),
      2. demonstrates resistance to negative wind loads that are the same as, or greater than, the Specified Wind Loads which the new roof assembly must be designed to resist,
      3. has a history of performance equal to or longer than the expected service life of the new roof assembly, and
      4. is designed with only RoofStar-accepted materials that possess properties "identical or superior to those of the...assembly used as a reference" (Ref. the "British Columbia Building Code", Division B, Part 5, "Notes to Part 5"),
    5. the model building
      1. is similar in dimensions, exposure, openings, and importance to the building that will support the new roof assembly, and
      2. is situated in conditions representative of the building that will support the new roof assembly (the term "representative" refers to conditions that include, without limitation, dynamic loads caused by proximity to other structures because of funneling or building harmonics).
  2. To qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee, a new roof assembly patterned after an Assembly with Proven Past Performance must be supported with a letter of assurance provided to the Guarantor by the Design Authority, or by the manufacturer of the Assembly with Proven Past Performance, signed by the Principal or a person having the authority of the Principal, stating that the new roof assembly will resist the Specified Wind Loads calculated for the new roof assembly.
  3. A new roof assembly patterned after an Assembly with Proven Past Performance may be used for partial roof replacement.
  4. Published approvals issued by an insurer or underwriter, or roof assembly designs warranted or guaranteed by anyone other than the Guarantor, do not satisfy the requirements for a roof Assembly with Proven Past Performance.

3.1.4.4. Specifying a Custom-engineered Securement Design

  1. When, for various reasons, a system of securement cannot be designed using either a Tested Assembly or an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, the securement system must be designed by a Registered Professional "skilled in the work concerned" (See the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Part 2, Article 2.2.1.2., "Structural Design").

3.1.5. Uninsulated Systems

(The requirements in Subsection 3.1.3., "All Systems", shall be read together with the following articles)

3.1.5.1. Securement against Specified Wind Loads

  1. All uninsulated roof systems must be designed to resist displacement by Specified Wind Loads, using the options articulated in Article 3.1.4.1.

3.1.6. Protected Roof Systems

(The requirements in Subsection 3.1.3., "All Systems", shall be read together with the following articles)

3.1.6.1. Securement of Ballasted Roof Systems

(Also see Subsection 9.1.6., "Protected Roof Systems")

  1. Roof systems secured with gravel ballast, pavers, or a combination of each, must be designed to resist displacement by Specified Wind Loads, regardless of any overburden the design may call for.
  2. The securement of all roof systems held in place by ballast must be designed by a registered professional "skilled in the work concerned" ("British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Section 2.2., "Administration"), and ballast rates shall conform to
    1. the minimum requirements in Table 3.1. (Ref. Article 3.3.5.1., "Ballasted Systems", and Subsection 9.3.6., "Protected Roof Systems"), or
    2. extrapolated values using ANSI-SPRI RP-4 (latest edition), "Wind Design Standard for Ballasted Single-ply Roofing Systems".
  3. Ballast size for all ballasted roof systems shall conform to ASTM D7655/D7655M-12, "Standard Classification for Size of Aggregate Used as Ballast for Membrane Roof Systems".
  4. To facilitate resistance to Specified Wind Loads,
    1. a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast, and
    2. a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast.
  5. On roofs specified to utilize gravel ballast, no fewer than two parallel rows of pavers should be considered for Corner and Edge zones, to prevent or reduce wind scouring of the gravel.
  6. When pavers are selected as ballast for a roof system, the Design Authority must determine the support and placement of pavers to resist displacement by Specified Wind Loads.
Table 3.1., RGC Ballast Guide
XPS Insulation
Thickness		 Stone Ballast Required Weight Ballast Depth
(approximate)
Up to 50.8 mm (2") 60 Kg/M2 (12 lb./sf) 44.45 mm (1-3/4")
76.2 mm (3") 80 Kg/M2 (17 lb./sf) 57.15 mm (2-1/4")
101.6 mm (4") 108 Kg/M2 (22 lb./sf) 76.2 mm (3")
125 mm (5") 132 Kg/M2 (27 lb./sf) 88.9 mm (3-1/2")
152.4 mm (6") 156 Kg/M2 (32 lb./sf) 107.95 mm (4-1/4")
177.8 mm (7") 180 Kg/M2 (37 lb./sf) 125 mm (5")
203.2 mm (8") 204 Kg/M2 (42 lb./sf) 139.7 mm (5-1/2")

3.1.6.2. Securement of Modified Protected Roof Systems

  1. Modified protected roof systems shall be secured according to the requirements for conventionally insulated roofs supporting overburden.

3.1.7. Roof Replacement and Alterations

3.1.7.1. Complete Roof System Replacement

  1. Complete roof system replacement projects must be designed to secure the new roof system against displacement by Specified Wind Loads.

3.1.7.2. Partial Roof System Replacement

  1. Partial roof replacements must be designed to secure the roof system against displacement by Specified Wind Loads, in keeping with the requirements in Article 3.1.3.2. (See also Article 3.3.6.2.).
  2. When specifying securement for a partial roof replacement, the securement system must be designed and specified by the Design Authority (See also Subsection 1.1.4., "Replacement and Alterations"); nevertheless, mechanical fastening, when practicable, is the recommended method for securing new materials to an existing roof system (See Note A-3.1.7.2.).

Section 3.2. Materials

3.2.1. Material Properties

3.2.1.1. Substituting Materials Used in a Tested Assembly

(See Note A-3.2.1.1.)

  1. When a manufacturer's Tested Assembly incorporates materials (and listed alternates) that are not part of the RoofStar Guarantee Program, the Design Authority must identify appropriate substitutions for those materials from the list of RoofStar-accepted Materials, and obtain
    1. written approval from the technical manager of the manufacturer stating that the substituting material will not reduce the capabilities of the Tested Assembly, or
    2. a letter of support issued by a registered professional qualified to perform the work in Part 4 of the Building Code (Ref. the "British Columbia Building Code", Division C, Part 2, Article 2.2.1.2., "Structural Design").
  2. Any material substitution should
    1. be limited to one (1) material component from the Tested Assembly, but the substitution of more than one material component is permissible provided the substitution complies with the other requirements in this Article, and
    2. be made in keeping with the decision process flows for MARS, PARS and AARS assemblies published in CSA-A123.21, "Standard test method for the dynamic wind uplift resistance of membrane-roofing systems" (latest edition), "Annex F".
  3. Because of its nature, a new roof assembly patterned after an Assembly with Proven Past Performance does not qualify for material substitution.

3.2.2. Securement Materials

3.2.2.1. Fasteners

  1. The minimum requirements in this Article apply to any roof system, regardless of requirements published elsewhere.
  2. The Design Authority should specify the correct type of fastener, keeping in mind
    1. pull-out strength, and
    2. corrosion resistance (contributing factors to fastener corrosion may include dissimilar metal contact, excessive building humidity, corrosive chemicals within components of the roof system, or corrosive elements provided within the building envelope etc.).
  3. Fasteners must be capable of securing the roof system components to resist Specified Wind Loads.
  4. Unless otherwise permitted in writing by the manufacturer, fasteners shall be resin-coated, self-drilling screws manufactured with recessed heads, and must be used in combination with plates, as shown in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2., Minimum Fastener and Plate Requirements
Material Fastener
Size		 Plate
Deck overlays #12 73.03 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76.2 mm (3”) Round or Square
Insulation #12 73.03 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76.2 mm (3”) Round or Square
Insulation Overlays #12 73.03 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76.2 mm (3”) Round or Square
Membranes #14 Proprietary

3.2.2.2. Adhesives

  1. Adhesives used to secure any roof system materials must be acceptable to the manufacturer and be capable of resisting Specified Wind Loads.
  2. Adhesives listed in a selected Tested Assembly
    1. must be used to secure applicable layers within the roof system, and
    2. may be substituted only with products listed in the Tested Assembly report.
  3. In the absence of a Tested Assembly, or for adhered and partially attached roof assemblies with Proven Past Performance, adhesives used to secure new roofing materials must be acceptable to the manufacturer and must be demonstrably capable of resisting Specified Wind Loads.
  4. Bitumen used as a hot-applied adhesive must be Type 3 or SEBS.

3.2.2.3. Gravel Ballast

(See also Table 3.1. in Article 3.1.6.1.)

  1. Gravel ballast used to secure a roof system must be washed (clean) round or crushed stone, and must conform to ASTM D7655/D7655M-12, "Standard Classification for Size of Aggregate Used as Ballast for Membrane Roof Systems", or to Table 3.3.
  2. The minimum requirements in this Article must not be reduced except by a written Variance that shall be endorsed in writing by the owner or the owner's representative, and submitted to the RoofStar Guarantee Program as part of the Guarantee record.
Table 3.3., RGC Ballast Grade Guide
Nominal size Percentage Passing
38.1 mm (1-1/2") 100%
25.4 mm (1") 70 - 100%
19.05 mm (3/4") 5 - 20 %
12.7 mm (1/2") 0 - 6 %
4.76 mm (3/16") 0 - 2 %

3.2.2.4. Pavers and Pedestals

  1. Pavers that are partially supported (i.e., with pedestals) should be capable of resisting anticipated loads (i.e., hydraulically pressed concrete pavers).
  2. Pedestals
    1. should be adjustable when a level surface is required,
    2. must be purpose-made, and
    3. must include an integral spacer rib measuring at least a 3.18 mm (1/8”) in width, to uniformly separate pavers.

Section 3.3. Application

3.3.1. Guarantee Term Requirements

3.3.1.1. RoofStar 5-year and RoofStar 10-year Guarantee

  1. To qualify for a RoofStar 5-year or RoofStar 10-year Guarantee, all projects shall comply with the requirements in this Part.

3.3.1.2. RoofStar 15-Year Guarantee

  1. All projects intended to qualify for a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee shall comply with the requirements in this Standard for a RoofStar 5-year or RoofStar 10-year Guarantee, and shall
    1. conform to the specified design when enhanced roof system securement is required (See Article 3.1.2.1.).

3.3.2. All Systems

3.3.2.1. Securing Systems with Mechanical Fasteners

  1. Unless otherwise specified by a Tested Assembly, a roof assembly with Proven Past Performance, or a custom-engineered assembly,
    1. fastener patterns shall conform to Tables 3.5. through 3.10.,
    2. the minimum number of fasteners must conform to the requirements in Table 3.4., and
    3. fasteners shall be installed at least 152.4 mm (6”) from panel corners, measured from each edge of the panel, but the precise placement of fasteners shall be confirmed with the manufacturer.
  2. Fasteners used to secure boards from curling, or to secure boards at slope transitions, shall be additional to the minimum number of fasteners and plates required by a Tested Assembly, a roof assembly with Proven Past Performance, a custom-engineered assembly, or the patterns shown in Tables 3.4. through 3.10.
  3. When mechanically attached membranes are installed together with new insulation, the insulation assembly (with or without an insulation overlay) must be held in place independently from the membrane, with no fewer than four (4) fasteners per panel.
  4. Regardless of where fasteners are used in the roof system, when they penetrate and secure another material to a substrate, mechanical fasteners must conform to the requirements illustrated in Figure 3.4. and shall (unless exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements)
    1. penetrate through the bottom surface of
      1. steel decks at least 19.05 mm (3/4") (fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only), and
      2. plywood sheathing by at least 19.05 mm (3/4").
    2. penetrate into solid dimensional lumber or concrete by at least 25.4 mm (1").
Figure 3.3.2.-A (Click to expand)
(Note: these requirements may be exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements)
Figure 3.5.jpg
Table 3.4., RGC Mechanical Fastening (minimum requirements)
Material Dimensions Roof Zone
Field Perimeter Corner
1219.2 mm x 2438.4 mm (48" x 96")
Deck Overlay supporting mechanically attached materials 4 4 4
Insulation or Insulation Overlay supporting mechanically attached materials 4 4 4
Insulation 8 12 15
Insulation Overlays 8 12 15
1219.2 mm x 1828.8 mm (48" x 72")
Insulation 6 8 12
1219.2 mm x 1219.2 mm (48" x 48")
Insulation 5 6 8
914.4 mm x 1219.2 mm (36" x 48")
Insulation 4 6 7
609.6 mm x 2438.4 mm (24" x 96")
Insulation 5 6 8
609.6 mm x 1219.2 mm (24" x 48")
Insulation 4 4 5
NOTE: Tables 3.5. through 3.10. illustrate fastener patterns and placement based on historical Guarantee requirements, to provide optimum wind uplift resistance. These patterns are to be used only when patterns are not provided in a Tested Assembly, a roof assembly with Proven Past Performance, or in a custom-engineered assembly. Fasteners may be located within 50.8 mm (2") of position shown in diagrams in any direction, but this must be validated by the manufacturer.
Table 3.5. (Click on drawing to expand)
1219.2 mm x 2438.4 mm (48" x 96")
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.4 - 4x8 (4 fasteners).jpg 4 Fasteners Table 3.4 - 4x8 (4 fasteners).jpg 4 Fasteners Table 3.4 - 4x8 (4 fasteners).jpg 4 Fasteners
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.4 - 4x8 (8 fasteners).jpg 8 Fasteners Table 3.4 - 4x8 (12 fasteners).jpg 12 Fasteners Table 3.4 - 4x8 (15 fasteners).jpg 15 Fasteners
Table 3.6. (Click on drawing to expand)
1219.2 mm x 1828.8 mm (48" x 72")
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.5 - 4x6 (6 fasteners).jpg 6 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 4x6 (8 fasteners).jpg 8 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 4x6 (12 fasteners).jpg 12 Fasteners
Table 3.7. (Click on drawing to expand)
1219.2 mm x 1219.2 mm (48" x 48")
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.4 - 4x4 (5 fasteners).jpg 5 Fasteners Table 3.4 - 4x4 (6 fasteners).jpg 6 Fasteners Table 3.4 - 4x4 (8 fasteners).jpg 8 Fasteners
Table 3.8. (Click on drawing to expand)
914.4 mm x 1219.2 mm (36" x 48")
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.5 - 3x4 (4 fasteners).jpg 4 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 3x4 (6 fasteners).jpg 6 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 3x4 (7 fasteners).jpg 7 Fasteners
Table 3.9. (Click on drawing to expand)
609.6 mm x 2438.4 mm (24" x 96")
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.5 - 2x8 (5 fasteners).jpg 5 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 2x8 (6 fasteners).jpg 6 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 2x8 (8 fasteners).jpg 8 Fasteners
Table 3.10. (Click on drawing to expand)
609.6 mm x 1219.2 mm (24" x 48")
Field Perimeter Corner
Table 3.5 - 2x4 (4 fasteners).jpg 4 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 2x4 (4 fasteners).jpg 4 Fasteners Table 3.5 - 2x4 (5 fasteners).jpg 5 Fasteners

3.3.2.2. Securing Systems with Adhesives

  1. Adhesives may be used to secure new roofing materials to an existing roof system, provided the specific application procedures and methods are engineered by or for the Design Authority.
  2. Notwithstanding Sentence (1), the use of adhesive to secure insulation shall conform to Article 7.3.3.1.

3.3.2.3. Securing Roofs with Overburden

  1. Any overburden, including Vegetated Roof Systems, must be installed in keeping with the designed securement methods and systems specified by the Design Authority, and in alignment with the requirements in Part 14.

3.3.3. Conventionally Insulated Roof Systems

(The requirements in Subsection 3.3.2., "All Systems", shall be read together with the following articles)

3.3.3.1. General Requirements

  1. New and fully replaced Conventionally Insulated Systems must be secured to conform to the Building Code, and shall be capable of resisting displacement by Specified Wind Loads using
    1. a Tested Assembly,
    2. an Assembly with Proven Past Performance, or
    3. an assembly with custom-engineered securement.

3.3.4. Uninsulated Systems

(The requirements in Subsection 3.3.2., "All Systems", shall be read together with the following articles)

3.3.4.1. General Requirements

  1. All uninsulated roof systems that are not secured with ballast shall conform to the requirements in Article 3.1.4.1. for conventionally insulated systems.
  2. Uninsulated roof systems secured with gravel ballast, pavers or both must be installed following the requirements in Article 3.3.5.1.

3.3.5. Protected Roof Systems

(The requirements in Subsection 3.3.2., "All Systems", shall be read together with the following articles)

3.3.5.1. Ballasted Systems

(Note: the reader must consult the Design and Application requirements for protected roof systems in Part 9).

  1. Roof systems secured with gravel ballast, pavers, or both must be constructed to resist displacement by Specified Wind Loads.
  2. To facilitate resistance to Specified Wind Loads,
    1. a filter fabric is required beneath gravel or paver ballast,
    2. a protection layer is required beneath crushed ballast, and
    3. gravel ballast must conform to the specified design.
  3. Gravel ballast shall
    1. be washed (clean) round or crushed stone, and
    2. be selected (according to the specified design) to resist flotation and Specified Wind Loads.
  4. Pavers and unit-type masonry, such as brick or stone, must be supported by
    1. purpose-made pedestals conforming to the requirements in Article 3.2.2.4.,
    2. a proprietary drainage layer overlaid with a filter fabric mat, or
    3. a drainage layer of loose aggregate (such as pea gravel) measuring at least 25.4 mm (1”) in depth, installed over a filter fabric.
  5. Pedestals
    1. must permit at least 12.7 mm (1/2″) of vertical separation between the paver and the underlying substrate, to provide airflow for drying surfaces and assist in leveling,
    2. should not impede the flow of water or air, and
    3. should uniformly distribute the dead load of pavers, and other unit masonry products, as well as predicted live loads.
  6. Pavers must be tied together when specified by the design.

3.3.6. Roof Replacement and Alterations

3.3.6.1. Complete Roof System Replacement

  1. Roof systems that are removed and replaced in their entirety (excluding the air or vapour controls, which may be left in place at the discretion of the Design Authority) must be secured following the requirements for new roof systems.

3.3.6.2. Partial Roof Replacement

  1. When only a portion of an existing roof system is specified for replacement, the new materials must be secured to resist Specified Wind Loads (See also Subsection 1.1.4., "Replacement and Alterations").
  2. Mechanical fastening is the most reliable method for securing new materials installed over an existing roof assembly, but when mechanical fastening is not practicable, the system of securement must be
    1. custom-engineered, or
    2. patterned after a roof assembly with Proven Past Performance, in keeping with the requirements in Article 3.1.4.3.

Waterproofing Systems

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