Revision as of 17:53, 15 July 2020

1 GENERAL
2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and Walls
3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY
4 MATERIALS
- 4.1 Definitions
- 4.2 General
5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS
6 AIR and VAPOUR CONTROLS
7 INSULATION
8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENT
9 FIELD SHINGLES
10 PERIMETERS and WALLS
11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS
12 OTHER DETAILS
13 METAL FLASHINGS
14 [NOT USED]

How to use these Guarantee Standards

This Standard is comprised of fourteen (14) Parts that contain the Standards, Guiding Principles, Recommendations and Reference materials necessary for the design and installation of a Project to qualify for a 5 or 10-year RoofStar Guarantee.

Readers are advised to review relevant materials that can be accessed through the hyperlinks embedded in the body of text and visible in blue font. Part titles shown in blue indicate hyperlinks to more relevant material that the reader is advised to consult.

Content in each Part is colour-coded according to four classes:

Guarantee Standards

Guiding Principles

Recommendations

Reference materials

For definitions of these terms of reference, click here.

© RCABC 2020
No reproduction of these Standards, in whole or in part, is lawful without the expressed permission of the RGC Guarantee Program.

Editor's note
The content of this Standard was significantly revised and supplemented in October 2019 and comes into effect December 1, 2019. Therefore, the reader should consider all of the content to be new since publication. Projects bid after November 30, 2019 must conform to the Standards published in this document. Highlighted text within the body of the Standard and its Parts indicates revisions made subsequent to the publishing of these revised Standards in October 2019. Click the icon below for a PDF copy of the current Standards published on this page. Please note that the PDF highlights only the changes made since the last published revision of these Standards. The reader is responsible to ensure that downloaded copies remain current with the online version of the Roofing Practices Manual. Only the online version of these or any other RoofStar Guarantee Standards shall be considered valid for the purpose of designing and constructing a RoofStar-qualified Project. To see the RoofStar Guarantee Standards for Asphalt Shingle Systems in force prior to December 1, 2019 (for reference only on Projects bid before December 1, 2018), click here. The link will remain active until November 30, 2020.

1 GENERAL

1.1 References

In this Manual, all references

to the British Columbia Building Code or other standards presume the current edition that is in force.
to materials are assumed to be Accepted by the RGC, unless stated otherwise.

1.2 Definitions

In this Manual,

Assembly: means a System in combination with its supporting deck structure (adapted from ASTM D6630-08 Standard Guide for Low slope Insulated Roof membrane Assembly Performance.
Contractor (“contractor”): means the installer of a Project. For the purpose of issuing a RoofStar Guarantee, Contractor shall be read to mean a Member of the RCABC.
Design Authority: means the individual or firm responsible for the issuance of Project specifications and details to which the Project will be bid and constructed. When a Contractor designs a Project, the Contractor is deemed to be the Design Authority.
Eave Protection: means a self-adhering water-proofing underlayment of a Water-shedding System that is applied along the eaves to prevent water ingress. Eave protection materials may also be applied in valleys or along vulnerable plane transitions.
Finished Waterproofing/Water-shedding System: means the top surface of a Waterproofing System or Water-shedding System that may include ballast or Overburden.
Guarantor: means the RGC RoofStar Guarantee Program that issues the RoofStar Guarantee ("Guarantee"); the two terms may be used interchangeably.
Linear Metal Flashings: are flashings cut and shaped from flat metal stock, to redirect water at roof perimeters and edges, and are used in valleys and drainage spillways.
Manual: means the Roofing Practices Manual.
Project: means the designed or constructed Waterproofing System or Water-shedding System.
System: means the organization and securement of various interacting materials (apart from the supporting deck structure), designed and installed to prevent the transmission of water through the system into the conditioned space of a building (adapted from ASTM D6630-08 Standard Guide for Low slope Insulated Roof membrane Assembly Performance).
Underlayment: means a sheet material, either self-adhered or mechanically fastened, which serves as secondary protection beneath the water shedding roof covering of a Water-shedding System.
Waterproofing System: means a membrane or liquid-applied system that, regardless of slope, waterproofs a roof or structure at grade. These systems are typically installed on slopes less than 1:4 (3” in 12”).
Water-shedding System: means a roof system that, with sufficient slope, sheds water away from a structure but does not necessarily waterproof it.

Refer to the Glossary for further definitions of key terms used in this Manual.

1.3 Design Considerations

Asphalt shingles are intended for roof slopes 1:6 and greater.
When a roof is designed and constructed so that the resulting roof slope is less than 1:6 (as, for example, dead valleys and the roof areas below a dormer), the roof area must be designed as a Waterproofing System.
When asphalt shingles drain into a membrane gutter, refer to 12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters.

1.3.1 [NOT USED]

1.3.2 [NOT USED]

1.3.3 High Snow Conditions

In this Manual, a high snow load area is considered a regional area with a Specified Snow Load higher than 3.5 kPa.
To determine whether or not a building is located in a high snow load area, the Design Authority must calculate the anticipated snow loads for the roof, using the building code having jurisdiction. The following references are extracted from the British Columbia Building Code:
1. Div. B, 4.1.6.2 Specified Snow Load (see the formula for calculating snow loads).
2. Div. B, Appendix C, Table C-2 which lists various types of loads, including snow loads, for specific reference locations throughout the province.
Roofs subject to high snow loads must be designed with a supporting deck structure thick enough to support the anticipated live loads, within the acceptable deflection limits defined by the BCBC.
Consideration should be given to
1. slope.
2. entrances and exits.
3. penetrations.
4. valley construction.
5. proper intake and exit ventilation irrespective of snow cover and drifting.
6. penetrations and their functionality.

1.3.4 [NOT USED]

1.3.5 Hot Works: Design

When any portion of a waterproofing system is installed with heat, the work is classified as Hot Work. Some tools used in the course of Hot Work can ignite combustible materials, and some building environments are more sensitive to fire than others, such as a building containing or in close proximity to flammable liquids. Hot work may occur during

tear off (sparks).
deck preparation (drying wet surfaces).
cold temperatures (warming materials or surfaces).
equipment use (sparks within electrical tools, or from cutting, drilling or grinding metal, concrete, stone or other hard surface products).
membrane installation (with the means of a kettle, hot-air welder or open flame torch).

The Design Authority may specify that the contractor must maintain compliance with the RCABC Hot Work Program and consequently manage the Hot Work conducted on site.
When the project involves Hot Work, the Design Authority must either
1. pre-approve alternate applications already written within the RPM, when the specified application is deemed to be fire sensitive by the contractor as part of the risk assessment process.
2. provide alternate material and application requirements in the Specification for fire sensitive locations on the Project.

See also 1.4.3 Hot Works: Contractor Requirements.

1.3.6 Variances

When a design is unable to conform to the Standard, the Design Authority may apply to the RGC for a written Variance. Application must be made in writing (email correspondence is common), and the request must

identify the Project name, its civic address and the applicable RoofStar Guarantee number (if already initiated).
articulate the nature of the design problem.
cite the RoofStar Guarantee standard reference to which the Variance will apply.
provide design drawings (and photographs, if available) as supporting information.

We may ask for more information in order to fully consider a request for a Variance and will issue a completed Variance only to the Design Authority for distribution to the Contractor.

A Variance may be unrestricted in its scope, or it may include one or more conditions that will affect the design and construction of the Water-shedding System or Waterproofing System, in order to accommodate the varied Standard. Occasionally, a Variance may also restrict coverage offered by the RoofStar Guarantee.

Variances are issued only for the specific issue on the Project identified in the written request, and do not constitute general permission to depart from the published Standards in this Manual, for any aspect of the same Project or for future Projects, designed or constructed by any other firm.

1.4 Scope

The Guarantee Standards, Guiding Principles, Recommendations and Reference Materials in this Manual pertain to both new roofing construction and replacement roofing, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

1.4.1 New Construction

New roof construction must utilize only newly manufactured materials, and may not incorporate recycled products, unless with the expressed, written consent of the RoofStar Guarantee Program.

1.4.2 Replacement Roofing and Additions

Replacement roofing shall be undertaken in the same manner, and to the same standards, as new roofing and must be installed over a bare, clean and suitable deck, free of any other materials (with the exception of existing eave protection membrane; refer below in this subsection), knots, distortions or ridges. Roofing over existing shingles is not permitted.
Existing self-adhered eave protection membrane may be left in place but must be covered with a new layer of RoofStar-accepted membrane, in keeping with the Standards in this Manual.
New shingles and existing rainwater gutters must be protected from incidental damage including, without limitation, damage caused by ladders.
Where a new roof is tied-in to an existing roof, the two areas must be isolated and separated by a curb joint properly constructed a minimum height of 125 mm (5”), attached to the structure and properly flashed.
When replacement roofing is complete, debris must be removed from rainwater gutters.

1.4.3 Hot Works: Contractor Requirements

The Contractor must maintain the requirements of the RCABC Hot Work Program. This includes the following, without limitation:
1. Insurance Coverage – limits carried on the Contractor’s policy must equal or exceed the minimum requirements set by RCABC, and coverage must be unhindered by warranties that limit or exclude coverage when Hot Work is required.
2. Education and training – workers who perform hot work must be trained by the Contractor and kept current with acceptable methods.
3. British Columbia Fire Code – a Fire Safety Plan, preventative methods or alternative work procedures, fire watches, and the use and placement of equipment at the Project site must comply with the BC Fire Code requirements for Hot Work.
4. Fire Safety Plan – the Contractor must assess the hazards to property and persons and produce a written Fire Safety Plan prior to the start of work. The Fire Safety Plan must be kept on the Project site and must be kept current until the Project is completed.
5. RoofStar Guarantee Standards – the Contractor must adhere to the RoofStar Guarantee Standards at each juncture where the interface of different membranes applications constitutes part of the Fire Safety Plan.
6. Fire Watch – the Contractor must, as part of the Fire Safety Plan, conduct a fire watch
  1. that complies with the British Columbia Fire Code.
  2. assigned to competent, trained personnel using suitable equipment, including the use of a hand-held infrared thermometer.
  3. documented in a written fire watch log.
7. Hot Work Notification – notify the Project authority or the AHJ, as and when required, that Hot Works will be performed.

1.5 Workmanship

While integrity and functionality of a new roof or waterproofed deck is the foundation of a RoofStar Guarantee, it is no less important to ensure that the finished Project exhibits excellent workmanship. Therefore, the following Standards apply:

The Contractor must take reasonable measures to protect the Project from damage by the weather, during and at the completion of construction. Open penetrations and flashings must be temporarily sealed off from the weather, even when other trades are responsible to make a permanent seal or install overlapping materials. See also 4.1 General.

1.5.1 [NOT USED]

1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations

A RoofStar Guarantee is available for almost any roof design, provided it is designed and built to the Standards in this Manual. When a RoofStar 15-year Guarantee is specified, only Waterproofing (Roof) Systems and Architectural Sheet Metal (ASM) Roof Systems may qualify, and Waterproofing Roofs must be designed and constructed to satisfy both the Standards in this Manual and the membrane manufacturer’s 20-year Material Warranty; both the RoofStar Guarantee and the manufacturer Material Warranty will be delivered to the Owner when the Project is complete. Nevertheless, there are limitations and conditions. They are listed on the Guarantee Certificate, and include (without limitation) the following (as they are applicable to the type of Project):

The RoofStar Guarantee covers leaks resulting from new materials purchased, supplied and installed by the Contractor. All new materials incorporated into a Project intended to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee must be expressly Accepted by the RGC and listed in the Roofing Practices Manual. Accepted Materials include (without limitation)
1. Primary and Secondary Materials.
2. penetration flashings and drains.
3. roof-related linear metal flashings.
All materials or products supplied by anyone other than an Associate Member, or which are installed by someone other than the Contractor, will be excluded from coverage under the Guarantee, and may void the Guarantee entirely.
Notwithstanding the definition of a Waterproofing or Water-shedding System, the RoofStar Guarantee does not cover the quality, installation or performance of the supporting deck.
The RoofStar Guarantee (subject to the limitations described herein or stated on the Guarantee certificate) is a guarantee against leaks only, caused only by a failure of new materials installed by the Contractor, or resulting from the Contractor 's installation of new materials.

The term "new materials" includes Primary and Secondary Materials, linear metal flashings, and both penetration flashings and roof drains that have been expressly accepted for use on a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee. Only materials listed in the Accepted Materials Division of the Roofing Practices Manual qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee.

The re-use of any existing material on a Project may void the Guarantee.
Notwithstanding any of the Guarantee requirements in this Manual, a RoofStar Guarantee will not cover
1. leaks resulting from
  1. improper design.
  2. overloading.
  3. water entry from other building components (walls, skylights, etc.).
  4. the failure of a drain or flashing supplied or installed by anyone other than the Contractor.
  5. neglected maintenance of the Project.
  6. building air leakage.
  7. modifications to the Project made by anyone other than the Contractor.
  8. changes in building use or occupancy.
2. drain leaders, which are not considered part of the roof system.
3. the costs to remove and reinstall irrigation or other services (including, without limitation, electrical and gas services).
4. replacement (new for old) of any Overburden.
5. damage or leaks caused by the roots of invasive plant species (for example, certain varieties of bamboo or willow), regardless of measures taken to protect the membrane.
6. a sacrificial third ply or a coating, used as a walkway or warning zone, as it is not considered part of the roof system.
Overburdens may be installed on a Conventionally Insulated Waterproofing System or Protected (“inverted”) Membrane Roof Assembly, but not all designs are suitable for any type, size or depth of Overburden (see Part 14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM). The RGC recommends that a roof supporting overburden be designed and constructed as a Protected Membrane Roof Assembly. The RoofStar Guarantee may be void if a roof is designed and constructed with Overburden that exceeds the capabilities of a Conventionally Insulated Waterproofing System.
Only a fully adhered membrane may be used in a Protected (“inverted”) Membrane Roof Assembly.
An Integrity Scan
1. must be performed by an RGC-recognized service provider.
2. is required on all Waterproofing Systems, to ensure the waterproofing is leak and damage-free, when Overburdens, amenities or equipment are or will be installed on the completed Waterproofing System by
  1. anyone other than the Contractor.
  2. the Contractor but only when the Overburdens, amenities or equipment exceed 150 mm (6”) in depth.
3. is not required when the Contractor installs overburden, amenities or equipment equal to or less than 150 mm (6”) in depth.
See Figure 1.1 for further reference.

Figure 1.1
Electronic Leak Detection is mandatory for grade-level Waterproofing Systems, but optional for Waterproofing Systems on roofs.
Pre-curbs and Concrete Features:
1. When concrete walls or structures are constructed without a pre-curb, all concrete surfaces must be fully and continuously enveloped with the primary roof membrane.
2. While the application of non‐penetrating bonded tiling or other architectural finishes to the waterproofing membrane is acceptable for a RoofStar Guarantee, and is subject to approval by the membrane manufacturer, the removal, reinstallation or replacement of any bonded finish, in order to investigate and repair leaks under the terms of the Guarantee, is the responsibility of others.
Modifications during the Guarantee Term:
1. RGC must be notified in writing of any modifications or repairs to the RoofStar-guaranteed Project.
2. The Owner must ensure that any modification or repair work done on the Project during the guarantee period is performed to RoofStar Guarantee Standards by a Contractor, and is inspected by a RoofStar-accepted observation firm.
Maintenance: the building Owner must ensure that the Project and its components are properly maintained. Debris in drains, caulking on or around metal flashings, and wind scouring of gravel are considered maintenance issues.
Removal and Reinstallation of Overburdens: in order to investigate and repair a leak, the RoofStar Guarantee Program must be allowed to remove Overburdens, to expose the membrane. The RoofStar Guarantee pays for the removal and reinstallation of accessible Overburdens only, when they are installed by the Contractor, regardless of the Project design. The cost to remove, care for and reinstall any Overburden that exceeds these limits or conditions, which is inaccessible, or which was supplied or installed by others, will be borne by the Owner.
1. Maximum coverage area: limited to one physically defined Project area (no maximum size)
2. The RoofStar Guarantee pays for removal and reinstallation of
  1. Extensive vegetated roof systems, provided they are comprised of trays or other recognized modular methods and are less than 150 mm (6”) in depth, exclusive of the plants.
  2. other accessible coverings, provided they are unitized (for example, pavers on pedestals) and do not exceed 1 M² or 90 Kg (200 lb.) per unit.
  3. gravel ballast and its associated drainage or protection material components, provided the ballast is less than 150 mm (6”) deep.
  4. structures, furnishings or planters provided each item, or any single component of each item, is easily detachable, does not require a specialty trade, and is no heavier than 90 Kg (200 lb).

2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and Walls

2.1 General

2.1.1 Definitions

Refer to the Glossary for further definitions of key terms used in this Manual.

Supporting deck ("deck"): means the "structural surface to which the roofing or waterproofing system (including insulation) is applied" (ASTM D1079-18 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing).
Deck overlay: means a panel material secured to the supporting deck in order to render the deck surface continuous or suitable for the installation of roofing materials.
Wall: means a structural or non-structural element in a building that vertically separates space. Walls may separate the outside environment from the interior conditioned space of a building, or they may separate one or more interior spaces from each other (adapted from ASTM E631-15 Standard Terminology of Building Constructions).
Wall overlay: means a panel material secured to the surface of a Wall, to render it suitable for the installation of roofing or wall cladding materials.

2.1.2 Design

The British Columbia Building Code, or the building code having jurisdiction, prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the RoofStar Guarantee Standards published in this Manual.
Notwithstanding the RoofStar Guarantee Standards published in this Manual, the RoofStar Guarantee does not extend coverage to the Supporting Deck or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the Design Authority and the building contractor.
Prior to the application of the roof system, the Supporting Deck and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free off
1. moisture.
2. frost.
3. dust and debris.
4. contaminants.
5. objectionable surface treatments.
6. release oils.
7. laitance.
If surface drying is required prior to roofing, use blown air to facilitate this.
Walls, parapets, curbs, blocking and penetrations should be constructed or placed prior to the commencement of roofing work. This work is provided by other trades.
The supporting deck structure should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating roof system component movement.

2.2 Roof Slope

The RoofStar Guarantee Program classifies roofs according to their function – waterproofing or water-shedding. Within each classification, slope is defined as follows:
1. Flat means a roof with a slope less than 1:6 (2” in 12”, or 9 degrees).
2. Low Slope means a roof with a slope from 1:6 (2” in 12”, or 9 degrees) up to but less than 1:3 (4” in 12”, or 18 degrees).
3. Common Slope means a roof with a slope 1:3 (4” in 12”, or 18 degrees) up to and including 1:1 (12” in 12”, or 45 degrees).
4. Steep Slope means a roof with a slope greater than 1:1 (12” in 12”, or 45 degrees) up to and including 21:12 (21” in 12”, or 84 degrees).
5. Extreme Slope means a roof with a slope greater than 21:12 (21” in 12”, or 84 degrees).

See Figure 2.1 for an illustrated guide to the above definitions.

Figure 2.1

2.3 Supporting Deck Types

2.3.1 General

All supporting decks must provide a suitable nailing substrate for asphalt shingles, and be acceptable to the shingle manufacturer. Suitability includes, without limitation,
1. sufficient thickness for fastener holding.
2. stiffness that minimizes deck deflection.
The British Columbia Building Code, or the building code having jurisdiction, prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the RoofStar Guarantee Standards published in this Manual.
Notwithstanding the RoofStar Guarantee Standards published in this Manual, the RoofStar Guarantee does not extend coverage to the Supporting Deck or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the Design Authority and the building contractor.
Prior to the application of the roof system, the supporting deck and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free of
1. moisture.
2. frost.
3. dust and debris.
4. contaminants.
5. objectionable surface treatments.
6. release oils.
7. laitance.
If surface drying is required prior to roofing, use blown air to facilitate this.
Walls, parapets, curbs, blocking and penetrations should be constructed or placed prior to the commencement of roofing work. This work is provided by other trades.
The supporting deck should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating roof system component movement.

2.3.2 Wood Decks

2.3.2.1 All Projects

Wood decks shall be constructed of plywood that is
1. at least 12.7 mm (½") thick.
2. securely fastened to supports with spiral nails at least 50 mm (2”) in length.
All plywood decking (sheathing) must be securely fastened to structural supports with ring-shanked nails having a shank at least 3 mm thick and a head at least 9.5 mm in diameter. Fasteners must penetrate structural material at least 19 mm (3/4”).
Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and other non-veneered panels are acceptable deck materials, but the Design Authority is responsible to determine the grade and thickness in order to meet the required pull-out resistance for the expected fasteners.
Shiplap and dimensional lumber are not acceptable deck materials.
Knotholes and cracks in decks shall be considered defects and must be covered with sheet metal nailed in place.

2.3.2.2 Replacement Roofing

Plywood used as an overlay on existing roof decks must be at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick and must conform to CSA 0151-04, Canadian Softwood Plywood, Grade C or better; or CSA 0121-M 1978 (R2003) Douglas Fir Plywood, Grade C or better.
When an existing roof deck is
1. less than 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick, or is constructed of shiplap or dimensional lumber, it must be overlaid with new plywood that
  1. is properly secured to structural supports.
  2. provides sufficient material depth for fastener penetration.
2. constructed with damaged or excessively cupped shiplap or dimensional lumber (excessive cupping is considered 25 mm (1”) or more when measured against the mid-span deflection of the deck), the damaged or distorted material must be removed and replaced with new material.
See also Part 5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS.
When cedar or tiles, supported by spaced strapping or board decks (plank, mill, or shiplap), are replaced with asphalt shingles,
1. the existing strapping or decking must be overlaid with plywood
  1. conforming to the Standards in this Manual.
  2. oriented either horizontally or vertically, unless otherwise required by the AHJ.
  3. staggered at least 400 mm (16”), or in conformity with truss or rafter spacing.
  4. spaced no less than 2 mm (3/32”) between panels, on all sides.
  5. supported fully by the strapping along the long edges of the plywood.
2. plywood deck overlays must be secured in keeping with the British Columbia Building Code, Division B, 9.23), but in any event shall not be less than 23 fasteners
  1. spaced no more than 150 mm (6”) O.C. along the edge.
  2. spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C. in the field.
3. clearance to all "hot" pipes must conform to the requirements set out in the British Columbia Building Code.

2.3.2.3 Steel Decks

Steel decks are not suitable for asphalt shingle application and therefore must be overlaid with a sub-deck that permits ventilation below the sub-deck. Sub-deck sheathing must meet the minimum requirements for wood decks (See 2.2.1 Wood Decks).

2.4 [NOT USED]

2.5 [NOT USED]

2.6 Walls

2.6.1 General

Wall surfaces must be clean, dry and smooth, suitable for the application of roof system materials. When the wall surface is unsuitable to receive waterproofing materials, it must be resurfaced with an RoofStar-accepted wall overlay. See Part 5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS for material and application standards.
Sheathing, defined as a rigid panel material secured directly onto framing, is considered a wall surface for the purpose of this Standard.
Wall surfaces receiving waterproofing materials must extend vertically beyond the maximum height of waterproofing materials but in any event must be installed at least 200 mm (8”) high, above the surface of the Finished Water-shedding Assembly. For suitable wall surface materials, see 2.6.2 below.
Walls and roofs commonly intersect in two ways:
1. Directly, where the wall structurally connects to the roof structure, so that both move together.
2. Indirectly, where the roof structure and the wall structure are independent of each other, so that the movement of one does not affect the other. These locations require an expansion joint.
The Design Authority must ensure a continuous connection between the roof system from field to perimeter, in order to control or inhibit the movement of water, air and vapour.
Wood or steel-stud walls must be sheathed with a material suitable for securing metal flashings.
For concrete walls, refer to 2.2.3 Concrete above.

2.6.2 Materials

Concrete surfaces must comply with the requirements set out in 2.1.3. When concrete surfaces do not comply, concrete walls may be sheathed with any one of the following:
1. 15.9 mm (5/8”) thick treated plywood.
2. fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜").
Both materials must also conform to ASTM C1325-04.
For framed walls, the following sheathing material are acceptable:
1. Moisture-resistant gypsum core boards specifically designed to receive roof membranes; boards must have a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”). These panel may be installed horizontally or vertically.
2. Fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜").
3. Plywood with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”).

2.7 Electrical Cables and Boxes

Electrical cables (including conduit) or boxes installed inside, on top of, or beneath a roof assemblymayexpose roofing workers to electrical shock, and may inhibit the installation of some roof systems designed to resist wind uplift. Furthermore, electrical cables on, in or under the roof assembly expose the building and the public to both shock and fire. Hidden electrical wiring and boxed junctions can be extremely difficult to document before work begins, and while some technologies are purportedly accurate in identifying energized circuits before they are damaged, false readings make these technologies less than reliable. During replacement roofing, avoiding damage to electrical circuits from cutters and fasteners is sometimes next to impossible. It is therefore desirable to design buildings with realistic separations between electrical wiring and boxes, and roof assemblies.

For more about this topic, see the reprinted Safety Bulletin issued by the BC Safety Authority, republished in the November 10, 2015 Technical Update.

Currently, neither the Canadian Electrical Code, Part I nor the British Columbia Electrical Code explicitly prohibit, nor explicitly permit, the installation electrical cables and boxes anywhere in close proximity to a roof assembly. The Design Authority therefore has the latitude to write restrictions concerning the location of electrical installations, and consequently eliminate shock and fire hazards. To do so, apply the following standards when preparing Project specifications to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee.

2.7.1 New Construction

Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed within a roof assembly (Figure 2.7.1-1).
Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed on the underside of a roof assembly, unless
1. the supporting deck equals or exceeds 76 mm (3”) in thickness (Figure 2.7.1-2), or
2. the cables, raceways or boxes are installed and supported so there is a separation of not less than 38 mm measured between the underside of the roof assembly and the electrical installation (Figure 2.7.1-3).
Notwithstanding either (1) and (2), cables or raceways shall be permitted to pass through a roof assembly for connection to electrical equipment installed on the roof, provided that the passage through the roof is a part of the roof assembly design.
Electrical cables installed above the roof assembly should be elevated to permit proper support, roof maintenance and future replacement roofing (Figure 2.7.1-4).

**Figures 2.7.1-1**

**Figures 2.7.1-2**

**Figures 2.7.1-3**

**Figures 2.7.1-4**

2.7.2 Replacement Roofing

If existing electrical cables or boxes do not conform to the standards in 2.7.1 New Construction, the Design Authority must consider the attachment of the roof system above the electrical system, and the requirements set out in Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY.
The Design Authority should
1. specify protection of existing electrical cables and boxes (a 5 mm (3/16”) steel plate may be used to minimize the possibility of fastener penetration and cutter damage), but it should be understood that protection plates may interfere with mechanical fasteners used to secure the roof system against wind uplift, even for future replacement roofing).
2. provide the building owner with detailed as-built drawings that accurately map the location of electrical cables and boxes.

3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY

3.1 General

3.1.1 Design and Testing

Asphalt shingles shall be installed to resist wind, in conformity with CSA A123.51 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper, or as specified by the shingle manufacturer, whichever requirement is greater.

3.2 Materials

3.2.1 Fasteners and Adhesives

The following minimum standards apply to any roof assembly, regardless of requirements published elsewhere.

Fasteners and adhesives must be capable of securing the roof assembly components to resist uplifting wind loads.
The Design Authority should should specify the correct type of fastener, keeping in mind
1. pull-out strength.
2. corrosion resistance (contributing factors to fastener corrosion may include dissimilar metal contact, excessive building humidity, corrosive chemicals within components of the assembly, or corrosive elements provided within the building envelope etc.).
Nails (gunnable or hand-driven) for field and hip and ridge shingles must be
1. manufactured in conformity to CSA B111.
2. corrosion resistant (hot-dipped or stainless steel).
3. at least 2 mm (12 Ga.) thick in the shank, with large 9.5 mm (3/8”) heads.
4. of sufficient length to penetrate through, or at least 19 mm (3/4”) into, the roof deck (sheathing).
Staples may not be used to secure asphalt shingles.
Cladding Screws must be
1. No. 8 (⅛") gauge or larger.
2. fitted with a rubber gasket.
3. compatible with, and corresponding in colour to, metal flashing material.

When the roof system incorporates an insulation assembly on the exterior side of the supporting deck, self-drilling screws with recessed heads must be used in combination with plates as follows:

Table 3.1 Minimum Fastener and Plate Requirements
Material	Fastener Size	Plate
Deck overlays	#12	73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
Insulation	#12	73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
Insulation Overlays	#12	73 mm (2-7/8”) Hexagonal, 76 mm (3”) Round or Square
Membranes	#14	Proprietary

For adhered and partially adhered assemblies, adhesives must be acceptable to the manufacturers of the roof assembly components.
Bitumen is not typically used as an adhesive for insulation and other components on Water-shedding Systems, but if it is specified, it must be Type 3 or SEBS. Pay attention to the slope limitations specified by the manufacturer of the product.

3.3 Application

Mechanically fastened underlayments must be installed with fasteners approved by the product manufacturer.
All asphalt shingles must be nailed within the shingle manufacturer’s designated fastening zone or line. Nailing outside of the fastening zone or line is not permitted. See also 9.3.1 General for asphalt shingle securement requirements.
Nail penetration into or through the deck must be at least 19 mm (¾”) when measured from the top face of the deck.
Only nails driven perpendicular to the shingle and supporting deck surface shall be deemed acceptable.
Nails must be driven
1. perpendicular to the surface of the deck, and must not be under-driven, over-driven or crookedly driven.
2. into or through the deck at least 19 mm (¾”) when measured from the top face of the deck.
See Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1
When threaded fasteners are used to secure another material to a substrate, mechanical fasteners must penetrate
1. steel decks at least 20 mm (3/4") – fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only.
2. into solid dimensional lumber by at least 25 mm (1").
3. through plywood sheathing by at least 19 mm (3/4”).
These Standards may be exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements.
On Low Slopes and Common Slopes (up to 1:1 (12" in 12")), at least four (4) nails for each full shingle shall be used.
On Steep Slopes (1:1 (12" in 12") up to and including 21:12), at least 6 nails for each full shingle shall be used.
Notwithstanding any nailing patterns specifically accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program, shingles installed on Extreme Slopes (slopes greater than 21:12) shall be
1. fastened with at least 6 nails per full shingle shall be used, consisting of 1 nail at each end of the shingle and double nails at each third point.
2. manually cemented in place underneath each tab, immediately after installation, using a spot of asphalt plastic cement approximately 22 mm in diameter that is located at the centre of each shingle tab. This may be exceeded by manufacturer’s requirements.
When partial shingles (segments), ridge or hip caps are installed, each shall be fastened
1. with at least two (2) nails set in from either edge by 25 mm (1”).
2. with nails set no more than
  1. 325 mm (13”) apart, when installed on slopes up to and including 1:1 (12" in 12").
  2. 200 mm (8”) apart when installed on slopes greater than 1:1 (12" in 12").

4 MATERIALS

NOTE: Click here to view all the Materials accepted for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program.

4.1 Definitions

Refer to the Glossary for further definitions of key terms used in this Manual.

Primary Material: means a roofing, waterproofing or water-shedding material which is directly exposed to the weather and which is primarily responsible for protecting secondary materials, and the building interior, from water and weather generally. Membranes, metal panels or shingles form the core of this material category.
Secondary Material: means one which forms part of a Waterproofing or Water-shedding System and which may affect the wind resistance characteristics of the entire assembly but is not necessarily exposed to the weather.

4.2 General

All roofing components installed by the Contractor must be
1. new
2. accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program.
3. manufactured by, or listed as acceptable to, the manufacturer of the primary field membrane or water-shedding material.
A list of all Accepted Materials is published in this Manual (see link above).
Also see 1.6 (2) RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations for restrictions and limitations on any roofing material, linear metal flashing, penetration flashing or drain used on a Project qualifying for a RoofStar Guarantee.
All materials must be protected from weather, properly stacked and secured above ground or the roof surface and covered by wrappers approved or recommended by the manufacturer.
All installed roofing materials that are susceptible to moisture damage must be made watertight by the end of each work day.
Metals and fasteners must be compatible with each other, to avoid galvanic corrosion which can occur when dissimilar metals come in contact with each other.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, asphalt shingles must conform to CSA A123.5 Asphalt shingles made from glass felt and surfaced with mineral granules.
Roofing cement must be asphalt-base conforming to CGSB 37-GP-5Ma.
Lap cement must conform to CGSB 37-GP 4M.

5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS

5.1 General

5.1.1 Definitions

Refer to the Glossary for further definitions of key terms used in this Manual. See also 2.1.1 Definitions..

5.1.2 Design

When a supporting deck structure or wall is unsuitable for the application of roofing materials, it must be covered with a RoofStar-accepted overlay. See 2.1 (3) for supporting deck and wall surface requirements.
A roof deck overlay is installed as part of the Roof Assembly, on the top surface of the roof deck but beneath the roofing materials. These products are commonly affixed to steel decks to provide a level surface for the roof membrane or air or vapour control layers, or to serve as a thermal barrier between the roof deck and combustible insulation. Roof deck overlay materials may also be applied to other types of supporting deck structures, depending on the roof design criteria.
Wall overlays are less common on Water-shedding Systems but may be required to provide a suitable surface for self-adhering membrane flashing.
For roof assemblies designed above a vaulted conditioned space, see also 6.1.3.2 Attic Ventilation.

5.2 Materials

Deck overlays and wall overlays must be suitable for, and compatible with, any membrane or panel application. Plywood, measuring at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) in thickness, is acceptable as a deck overlay or wall overlay.
When the Building Code having jurisdiction requires a thermal barrier, an accepted deck overlay must be specified and installed.
Walls that require resurfacing for membrane application must be covered with an accepted wall overlay. See Accepted Wall Overlays. See also Accepted Deck Overlays.

5.3 Application

5.3.1 General

Deck overlays must be
1. of sufficient thickness to allow full penetration of shingle fasteners.
2. installed over any deck that is not suitable as a substrate for asphalt shingles (see 2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and Walls).
3. installed in a staggered pattern (offset) at least 300 mm (12") from adjacent board rows. A minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum will be permitted to compensate for variance in the manufacturer's tolerance of differing board widths and lengths.
4. independently fastened to the supporting deck.
Wall overlays
1. must be applied to existing sheathing where sheathing is not an acceptable substrate.
2. may be mechanically fastened or adhered.

5.3.2 Steel Decks

Steel decks are not suitable for asphalt shingle application and therefore must be overlaid with a sub-deck that permits ventilation below the sub-deck. See also 2.2.1 Wood Decks and 2.2.2 Steel Decks.

5.3.3 Wood Decks

A mechanically fastened overlay is required for any supporting deck that does not meet the criteria for a suitable deck surface set out in 2.2.1 Wood Decks. Deck overlays applied to wood decks must be securely fastened with ring-shanked nails having a shank at least 3 mm thick and a head at least 9.5 mm in diameter. Fasteners must penetrate structural material at least 19 mm (3/4”).

5.3.4 Walls

Where the wall surface is unsuitable to receive a membrane, it must be covered with an accepted overlay panel material (refer to Division C: Accepted Materials in this Manual).
Wall overlays must be
1. mechanically fastened with screw fasteners placed
  1. at the perimeters.
  2. at the corners.
  3. in the field, spaced no less than 300 mm (12”) O.C. vertically and horizontally, or in alignment with structural supports of the overlay panels.
2. adhered with a polyurethane adhesive, applied with a continuous z-patterned ribbon spaced no less than 300 mm (12”) apart, in alignment with structural supports.

6 AIR and VAPOUR CONTROLS

See more information on Air and Vapour Control in Division B: Essential Elements.

6.1 General

6.1.1 Intent

Air and vapour control layers, along with thermal barriers, water resistive barriers and water-shedding surfaces, serve to separate the outside environment from the interior environments of a structure. Continuous air control layers are perhaps the most critical. Building Codes in force in each jurisdiction, and the National Energy Code (2011), require the selection and proper installation of “a continuous air barrier system comprised of air-barrier assemblies to control air leakage into and out of the conditioned space” (NEC 2011).

Continuity of the air and vapour control layers from the wall systems and roof systems is essential to the satisfactory performance of either or both. Therefore, proper connection between air and vapour control systems is essential, and the responsibility of both the Design Authority and trades constructing walls and roofs.

Air control layers control “flow of air through the building enclosure, either inward or outward” (Guide for Designing Energy Efficient Building Enclosures, Homeowner Protection Office). Controlling air flow into and out of conditioned spaces affects the performance of “thermally efficient enclosure assemblies” (ibid), impacts the potential for condensation in between materials, and directly influences rainwater penetration of the building envelope. Some air control layers are considered permeable, others air-impermeable or ‘airtight’. The suitability of one over the other, in the application of a roofing system, is left to the discernment of the Design Authority. Consequently, the RoofStar Guarantee Program strongly recommends that designers and builders of roof systems intended to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee carefully consider the regulatory design and installation requirements for effective, continuous air control systems.

Vapour control layers regulate or prohibit the movement of water vapour from one space to another by means of diffusion. Consequently, these control layers are referred to as either vapour-permeable or impermeable. Diffusion is a slow process, in contrast to air movement, and its regulation is not always mandatory or even desirable. Consequently, because continuous vapour control layers “are not needed within all climate zones and assemblies”, they are considered non-critical and may be left to the discretion of the Design Authority. Nevertheless, where continuous vapour control layers are required and specified by provincial or municipal building codes (current and in force), the RoofStar Guarantee Program requires that a suitable vapour control system be selected by the Design Authority and properly installed by the roofing contractor in conformity with the vapour control layer manufacturer’s published instructions, and with the Design Authority’s specified details.

Any references in this Manual to installation methodologies, and any construction details that show air and vapour control layers, are merely illustrative and not prescriptive. Installers of continuous air and vapour control layer systems are urged to understand and comply with best practices for their application.

6.1.2 Limitations and Exclusions

Air and vapour control layer performance is not part of the RoofStar Guarantee, and air and vapour control materials are not listed in the Accepted Materials Division of this Manual. Therefore, the decision to specify air and vapour control layers, the placement of continuous air and vapour control layers in relation to a roof assembly and its components, and the selection of suitable materials for that application, is the sole responsibility of the Design Authority. The Design Authority is urged to review and consider the performance characteristics of materials available for such applications.
Neither the RoofStar Guarantee Program nor the Contractor will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, the roof system caused by the use or absence of air or vapour control layers.
In some roof assembly designs, the required underlayment may serve as an air control layer, vapour control layer, or both; this is dependent upon the properties of the material to be used, and will be subject to the designer’s modelling of the assembly. Consult the Technical Data Sheets for suitable materials.

6.1.3 Air and Vapour Controls for High-Humidity Building Interiors

Careful consideration should be given to the performance characteristics of air and vapour control layers when specifying such a membrane for roof assemblies constructed over high-humidity building interiors. These types of building interiors include (but are not limited to)
1. Swimming pools
2. Commercial laundry facilities
3. Large aquariums
4. Paper mills
Roof systems for facilities such as these, with high-humidity environments, may be susceptible to the accumulation of moisture within the Roof Assembly unless an effective air and vapour controls are installed.

6.1.4 Attic Ventilation

The design and selection of the ventilation system is the responsibility of the Design Authority, and may be achieved by incorporating into the roof design both intake and exhaust vents, including (without limitation),
1. Eave vents
2. Gable end vents
3. Hip vents
4. Static vents
5. Ridge vents
6. Cupolas
Attic (roof cavity) ventilation must
1. meet the minimum requirements set out by the Code having jurisdiction, even in conditions where snow cover is present (see British Columbia Building Code, Part 9 for Housing and Small Buildings, Section 9.19 Roof Spaces, 9.19.1.3 Clearances). Roofs that do not provide adequate ventilation do not qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee.
2. be suitable for the
  1. slope of the roof.
  2. vented area.
  3. design and configuration of the roof structure.
3. be provided for
  1. roofs over cathedral ceilings.
  2. compact insulated roof assemblies.
  See also Building Ventilation in Division B: Essential Elements of this Manual.
Continuous proprietary ridge venting systems
1. are acceptable and are recommended for all areas with vaulted ceilings.
2. may be installed on slopes 1:3 (4” in 12”) and greater, but application on slopes less than 1:3 must be permitted by manufacturer’s published installation instructions.

6.2 Materials

6.2.1 Air and Vapour Controls

The material selected for air and vapour control layers must be compatible with any other materials in the roof or wall assembly to which the control layer may come in contact. This includes, without limitation, contact with primers and adhesives, substrates, solvents and cleaners.
Self-adhering or adhesive-applied materials should be considered as alternatives to torch-applied membranes when the substrate to which they will be applied is combustible, or when nearby structures, openings or materials present a fire hazard. In the alternative, a suitable separation or overlay material as protection from open flame is acceptable. The application of materials to a combustible surface, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.
Fully supported air and vapour control layers should possess a minimum published static puncture resistance rating of 150 N (34 lbf) (ref. CGSB-37.56-M for both test method and standard limits) and be either self-adhering or torch-applied; a high puncture resistance is necessary for the membrane to withstand accidental damage during construction. For unsupported air and vapour control layers, see 6.2.3 below. Therefore, while responsibility for the selection of suitable air and vapour control layers rests with the Design Authority, a roof designed and built to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee shall not include either polyethylene sheet plastic or bitumen-impregnated kraft paper.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the RoofStar Guarantee Program strongly recommends that any air or vapour control systems be installed over a smooth, continuous plane (for example, concrete or plywood). Consequently, a deck overlay board installed on corrugated steel roof decks in highly recommended. Where no deck overlay board is installed and the air and vapour control layers are partially unsupported (for example, on a steel deck), the control layers each must have a published static puncture resistance of at least 400 N (90 lbf). Furthermore, both the side laps and end laps must be fully supported.
Should the air or vapour control layers be used as a temporary roof during Project construction by either the Contractor or by other trades, a minimum 2mm thick bituminous membrane is recommended.
Because curing concrete releases considerable moisture that can compromise the performance of a roof system, a vapour control layer installed on new concrete decks (28 days or older) must be selected to prevent condensation inside the roof system. A membrane with a permeability of 0.01 perms (Class I) is recommended. Nevertheless, the selection of the vapour control material is the responsibility of the Design Authority.

6.2.2 Air Vents

Vents, regardless of their type, must be either
1. proprietary to, or privately labeled for, the shingle manufacturer, or
2. specifically accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program. See also 11.2.3 Penetration Flashings.
Ridge vents must be
1. acceptable to the shingle manufacturer.
2. internally reinforced to provide support for shingle caps.
3. suitable for slopes 1:4 and greater.
4. constructed with internal baffles to prohibit the intrusion of
  1. insects.
  2. vermin.
  3. snow.
  4. debris.

6.3 Application

6.3.1 Air and Vapour Controls

Proper installation and continuity of air and vapour control layers within the roof assembly is the responsibility of the Contractor. Therefore, air and vapour control layers in the roof assembly must
1. extend beyond the end of the roof assembly at least 100 mm (4”), in new construction, to provide sufficient room for the installation of matching control layers to so that they provide a positive (water-shedding) lap seal union between courses of material.
2. be sealed to matching control layers in the wall assembly, for roof replacement Projects.
Installation must be smooth and uniform, without wrinkles or fish-mouths, and must also conform to the manufacturer’s published requirements and the Design Authority’s design details.
All membrane side and end laps must be fully supported, in the field and at transitions with curbs, parapets, walls and penetrations.

See Figures 6.3.1-1 and 6.3.1-2.

Figure 6.3.1-1

Figure 6.3.1-2

Click on either of the images above to link to the Construction Detail.
The application of materials to an unprotected combustible material, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.
All combustible materials MUST be protected from open flame by an acceptable separation or overlay material. This includes, without limitation, combustible materials
1. on decks, walls, blocking, and cants.
2. hidden or obscured within voids, cracks or orifices.
When a torch-applied base membrane is specified over combustible materials, all joints between overlay panels, and at wall transitions, must be sealed with the primary membrane manufacturer’s approved self-adhered membrane or tapes. Alternatively, refer to 10.3.3 Alternative Approaches to Membrane Flashing.

6.3.2 Air Vents

Refer to 11.3.3 Penetrations and Vents for application requirements.

7 INSULATION

7.1 General

Some steep roof assemblies call for a compact insulated system, as for example when the roof covers a vaulted conditioned space. When this is the case, the following design, material and application requirements, principles and recommendations apply.

7.1.1 Definitions

Heat-resistant insulation: means insulation that resists heat and will not physically or chemically change when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F), including liquefied bitumen. Insulation boards of this type include fibreboard, polyisocyanurate and mineral wool. Note that heat-resistant does not mean or even infer 'fire-proof'. While some heat-resistant insulation materials will resist burning for a period of time, only mineral wool insulation will not burn.
Heat-sensitive insulation: means insulation that may be physically or chemically altered when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F) - for example, heat from a torch or from liquefied bitumen. Heat-sensitive insulation includes EPS, XPS and Polyurethane.

See the Glossary for other terms used in this Part.

7.1.2 Design

Consult the Building Code having jurisdiction for the minimum required thermal resistance of the roof assembly.
Insulation compressive strength, when applicable, must be taken into consideration by the structural engineer.
Insulation materials rely on various standards for the determination of thermal resistance, which means that not all data can be easily compared. Furthermore, not all insulation products perform with consistent thermal resistance as temperature changes, and some insulation performance declines with age. The Design Authority is therefore urged to consider the Long Term Thermal Resistance (LTTR) for each product, in relation to its placement within the roof assembly and the anticipated outside and interior climates of the building.
In warm seasons, the roof surface may reach temperatures higher than 85°C (185°F), affecting the performance and stability of some insulation. Combining insulation types in a roof assembly may help mitigate these temperature swings and consequential distortion of the assembly. The Design Authority therefore must consider these variables when specifying materials and their installation.
Only heat-resistant insulation is recommended for use in an insulated, ventilated roof assembly covered with asphalt shingles. When heat-sensitive insulation is desirable, the Design Authority should calculate the anticipated maximum temperature for the upper surface of the insulation assembly and ensure the insulation material’s service temperature is suitable for the design.
Insulation assemblies with a cumulative thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) (based on published values measured at 24°C) must be installed in multiple layers that are offset and staggered (see 7.3 Application). Within that multi-layered assembly, any single layer of insulation may have a thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) provided no one layer exceeds 60% of the cumulative thermal resistance of the combined assembly of insulation and insulation overlay boards.

7.2 Materials

The type of insulation is to be specified by the Design Authority. A list of acceptable insulation materials may be found in Roof Deck Insulation.
Material dimensions:
1. The maximum width and length of any adhered insulation panel shall be 1200 mm (4’)
2. The maximum width and length of insulation boards installed with mechanical fasteners is limited only by the manufacturer.
3. Insulation installed directly over a fluted steel deck must be thick enough to span the flutes under live loads (minimum live load equal to or greater than 115 Kg (253 lbs); see also 9.1.1 Design), without risk of cracking or breakage.

7.3 Application

7.3.1 Layering

See 7.1.2 (6) above.
Insulation joints must be offset or staggered at least 300 mm (12") from adjacent layers and rows.
Only thermally non-conductive clips or bars passing through the insulation assembly, or mechanically fastened bearing plates, may be used to secure and support insulation panels, or provide support for panel clips.

7.3.2 Alignment, Sizing and Support

Insulation boards must be
1. firmly supported.
2. square and make firm, full contact with adjacent panels. Gaps greater than 10 mm (3/8”) between boards must be filled with expanding spray foam or chinked with fibreglass wool.
3. offset at least 300 mm (12"), both for adjacent layers and for adjacent rows.

8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENT

8.1 General

8.1.1 Definitions

Eave Protection

means a self-adhering membrane applied in parallel courses on the roof deck along the eaves, up the roof slope to a point measured vertically from the inside of the exterior wall, and intended to block the ingress of water that may leak behind shingles or metal roof panels as the result of snow or ice buildup on the roof surface.

Underlayment,

sometimes referred to as Waterproof Shingle Underlayment (WSU), means a roll material that is either self-adhering or mechanically fastened (typically with large head nails), and which is installed

immediately over the supporting deck.
to provide secondary protection between the Water-shedding System materials and the building interior.
to keep Water-shedding System materials from adhering to the deck.

See the Glossary for other terms used in this Part.

8.1.2 Design

Eave protection is required on all Common Slope, Steep Slope and Extreme Slope roofs, but is not required
1. over unheated spaces.
2. where the roof overhang exceeds 915 mm (3′) measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior wall.
An underlayment is required
1. beneath all Water-shedding System materials, irrespective of slope.
2. on vertical surfaces where roofing materials and flashings adjoin walls or curbs.
3. beneath all penetration flashings.
When the roof slope is less than 1:3, the underlayment over the entire roof – in the field, on vertical surfaces and beneath all penetrations – must be self-adhering. See 8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments for material requirements.
In all applications, a non-adhering roof field underlayment may be specified as a separation layer over any self-adhering membrane (used as eave and rake protection, or as a full underlayment on Low Slope or Flat roofs), to separate the shingles from the membrane and thus prohibit bonding of the two. This approach may simplify future shingle replacement, as a result, spare the supporting deck from damage during tear-off.
Metal flashings along the eave and rake (gable) edges are required on all Projects and must be separated from direct contact with wood surfaces. See also Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS, and Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS.

8.2 Materials

8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments

For materials acceptable under the RoofStar Guarantee Program, see Eave Protection & Underlayment.

Eave Protection must be
1. self-adhering.
2. have a sanded or synthetic, non-bonding top surface.
3. at least 1.4 mm thick or, in the alternative, another RGC-accepted eave protection membrane supported in writing by the asphalt shingle manufacturer. Written confirmation from the manufacturer must be submitted to the Guarantor as part of the project documentation.
Underlayments may include any of the following:
1. At least one ply of 15 lb. non-perforated asphalt saturated felt conforming to CSA A123.3 M1979 and / or ASTM D226-95, and as acceptable under the RoofStar Guarantee Program (see Eave Protection & Underlayment for asphalt shingle roofing).
2. RoofStar-accepted synthetic underlayment.
3. RoofStar-accepted self-adhering membranes with a minimum thickness as described in 8.2.1.1 above, for roof slopes less than 1:3 (4” in 12”). Alternatively, multiple layers of a thinner membrane may be used, but must be installed with offset vertical and horizontal seams.
Because synthetic and fully adhered membranes vary in vapour permeability, consult the manufacturer’s specifications and ventilation requirements of the British Columbia Building Code.

8.2.2 Fasteners

While mechanical fasteners used to secure underlayments must conform to the underlayment manufacturer’s requirements, the use of staples is not permitted.

8.2.3 Metal Flashings

See 13 METAL FLASHINGS.

8.3 Application

8.3.1 Eave Protection

8.3.1.1 General

Eave protection is required on all Common Slope, Steep Slope and Extreme Slope roofs, but is not required
1. over unheated spaces.
2. where the roof overhang exceeds 915 mm (3′) measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior wall.
Self-adhering eave protection is required irrespective of roof slope, and must
1. overhang the fascia by at least 25 mm (1”).
2. extend up the slope to a point, when measured vertically from the inner face of an exterior wall,
  1. at least 915 mm (3′), or to a point at least 300 mm (12″), whichever is greater.
  2. at least 600 mm (24”), in regions with heavy snow.
  3. extend up all abutments (walls, skylights, etc.) at least 150 mm (6″) above the surface of the Finished Water-shedding Assembly.
Horizontal runs of eave protection must be positively lapped at least 50 mm (2″) and end laps (vertical joints) must be at least 150 mm (6″).

8.3.2 Underlayment

8.3.2.1 General

An underlayment must be installed
1. ‘shingle fashion’ and fastened
  1. according to the manufacturer’s published instructions, using acceptable fasteners.
  2. with roofing nails (in the absence of other instructions).
2. parallel to the eave, and each course of underlayment must positively overlap adjacent material by
  1. at least 75 mm (3″) along the sides, unless exceeded by the manufacturer’s instructions.
  2. at least 150 mm (6″) at the ends, unless exceeded by the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. beneath all Water-shedding System materials, irrespective of slope.
4. beneath all perimeter flashings.
5. beneath all penetration flashings.
6. on vertical surfaces where roofing materials and flashings adjoin walls or curbs, at least 150 mm (6”) above the roof deck.
When the roof slope is less than 1:3, the underlayment over the entire roof – in the field, on vertical surfaces and beneath all penetrations – must be self-adhering. See 8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments for material requirements.
Where negative (backward) laps are unavoidable, only a RoofStar-accepted self-adhering underlayment may be used. Negative laps must be at least 150 mm (6”), and seams must be roller-pressed and sealed with a compatible mastic along the seam edge.
Organic felt underlays and asphalt shingles must be applied on the same day. To prevent wrinkling, let felt relax before installing.
To prevent shingles from bonding to self-adhering membranes, and simplify future roof replacement, a non-bonding underlayment may be used as a separation layer between the shingles and the membrane.

8.3.2.2 Low Slope Roofs

In addition to the General requirements above, Low Slope roofs may be fully covered with
1. one layer of self-adhering eave protection membrane equal to or exceeding the minimum thickness requirements, or
2. multiple layers equal to or exceeding 1.7 mm in thickness; the second layer must be offset from the first by at least 300 mm (12”), both horizontally and vertically.

9 FIELD SHINGLES

9.1 General

The Standards published in this Part, and in those that follow, reflect the level of attention to design and application required by the designed slope of the roof. Shingles are Water-shedding materials, and low slopes may affect the flow of water, necessitating more rigorous requirements to keep water from reaching the supporting deck and the conditioned space of the building.

9.2 Materials

All asphalt shingles shall be manufactured in compliance with the material standards found in CSA A123.5 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper, and shall in any event
1. be reinforced with fibreglass or an accepted composite reinforcement scrim and shall not be manufactured with organic materials.
2. clearly mark the fastening zone or line, which must be centered on the common bond area.
3. provide discontinuous adhesive strips on the bottom face of the shingle’s exposure, manufactured from SEBS or an accepted material deemed equivalent or better by the RoofStar Guarantee Program, and free of any trails that would trap or impede the flow of water beneath the shingle.
Starter shingles or rolls must be acceptable to the field shingle manufacturer.

9.2.1 Shingles for Low Slope Roofs

Shingles must be
1. expressly manufactured and accepted for application on Low Slope roofs.
2. manufactured to CSA A123.5 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper for fibreglass felt shingles with a minimum mass of 10.50 kg per m² (215 lb per 100 sf).

9.3 Application

9.3.1 General

See Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY for field shingle nailing requirements.
Asphalt shingles shall be installed to CSA-A123.51 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper.
Shingles shall be kept inside the manufacturer’s packaging until the time of application and must be free of damage or contamination on the sealing strips.
A starter course or strip-type shingle is required at the eaves and rake (gable) edges, below the first course of shingles and must be installed
1. flush with the edges of the underlayment.
2. onto the valley metal and membrane flashings.
3. with no fewer than four (4) nails (see fastening requirements in 3.3 Application).
Each course of shingles following the first course shall be installed so that
1. all vertical and horizontal lines running true, or follow a random pattern as directed by the manufacturer’s printed instructions.
2. shingles extend beyond (whichever is greater)
  1. the eaves or a fascia board approximately 37 mm (1 ½”), to lead water into eaves troughs.
  2. the rake (gable) flashings by approximately 12 mm (1/2”).
3. exposure and nailing patterns conform to the manufacturer’s printed product-specific instructions.
Each succeeding course of shingles must offset according to the shingle manufacturer’s published instructions, but in any even shall not be less than 125 mm (5”). Notwithstanding this requirement,
1. shingle segments used to cover rafter tails shall not be bound by minimum width requirements but must be centred on the rafter tail and overlap its edges by at least 12 mm (1/2”).
2. shingle segments used around penetration flashings and vents, or adjacent to valleys, must not be less than 200 mm (8”) in width.
So-called “Dutch laps” are not permitted.
When shingles are installed in cooler temperatures (typically below 10° C), shingles must be
1. hand-sealed with a shingle cement/adhesive acceptable to the shingle manufacturer.
2. fastened with additional nails, as specified by the manufacturer.
When roofing work is complete, the Contractor must remove all temporary fall protection fittings and equipment.
If permanent fall protection anchor points are desirable, they must be specifically required and allocated by the Design Authority and incorporated into the roof design.

9.3.2 Low Slope Roofs

Shingles may not be installed on Low Slope roofs unless expressly permitted by the shingle manufacturer.
Shingles on Low Slope roofs must be installed over a self-adhering membrane or multi-layered membrane. See 8.3.2.2 Low Slope Roofs for application requirements.

9.3.3 Changes in Slope

When the field roof slope changes more than 1:6 (2” in 12”), the transition in slope must be made to the following standards:
1. Underlayment for the lower roof area must be brought up onto the upper roof deck at least 200 mm (8”) but must extend past the top edge of the metal transition flashing by at least 50 mm (2”).
2. The lower roof shingles must be terminated at the slope transition line.
3. A metal transition flashing is required and must be
  1. broken (bent) to
    1. bridge the transition.
    2. exert pressure on the lower slope shingles.
  2. installed over the underlayment.
  3. secured to the upper slope with mechanical fasteners set in from the edge of the flashing 25 mm (1”) and spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
  4. lapped over the shingles on the lower slope at least 100 mm (4”); a hidden cleat used to secure the lower edge of the metal flashing is recommended but not required.
4. When the angle between slopes is less than 180° (when the lower roof plane slope is less than the slope of the upper roof plane), a self-adhering membrane strip is required to overlap the upper edge of the metal flashing by at least 50 mm (2”); the membrane must extend up-slope at least 50 mm (2”) past the bottom layer of underlayment and be sealed to the roof deck.
5. Shingles installed on the upper slope must be started and installed as a new slope, in keeping with the Standards in this Manual.

See Figure 9.1 and Figure 9.2.

**Figure 9.1** and **9.2** (Illustrations only. Click on the images to view a complete Construction Detail)

10 PERIMETERS and WALLS

10.1 General

10.1.1 Definitions

Valley: means the concave angle formed by the intersection of sloping roof planes.

See the Glossary for other terms used in this Manual.

10.1.2 Design

Linear metal flashings described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee. Furthermore, only new linear metal flashings may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing linear metal flashings is prohibited and may void the Guarantee. See also 1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations.
The Design Authority is responsible to specify continuity so that intersecting systems are positively connected. See 10.3.2 Sequencing
Linear metal flashings must be
1. installed along all eave and rake (gable) edges, and
  1. extend at least 50 mm (2”) onto the roof deck.
  2. be securely fastened to the deck with acceptable nails placed no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
2. separated from a wood substrate with self-adhered eave protection membrane or mechanically fastened underlayment.
Fascia may be covered with metal flashing and specified as part of the roof assembly.
The weathering surface of shingles must be protected from damage during the life of the roof, including damage by funneled water. Therefore, the roof design must incorporate methods for managing the flow of water from one roof surface to another.
Where a Steep Slope roof plane drains onto a Common Slope or Low Slope roof, the valley metal flashing must be fashioned with double inverted “V” dividers. Refer to Figure 13.3 for valley flashing requirements.
Diverter flashings
1. must be used at the bottom end of a wall that intersects a roof parallel to the slope. See 10.3.1 General (Application) for specific requirements.
2. are not mandatory at rake edges (gable ends) but are recommended to direct water away from barge rafters and exposed fascia tails, and to direct water into gutters.
Metal valleys must be used for laminate, interlocking and Low Slope shingle applications, and in any event are recommended for all roof designs.
Step flashings must be used to flash roof transitions with walls, parapets or curbs ranging from 90° to 120°, when measured on the face of the slope from the eave edge.
A back-pan flashing must be used when a wall, parapet or curb intersects the roof plane at 120° or more, measured on the face of the slope from the eave edge.
A head-wall flashing must be used only at the top of a sloped roof, where a wall, parapet or curb intersects the roof perpendicular to the slope or at an angle to the slope not exceeding 45° down. The flashing must be inserted behind the wall finish and extending over the top course of shingles at least 100 mm (4”). See also 10.3.5.1 Eave, Rake (Gables) and Wall Flashings.
An apron flashing must be used at the bottom of a curb or chimney.
When a wall at the top of a slope changes plane at the corner, the corner must be flashed with a headwall flashing fashioned to turn up the slope.
Dead valleys should be avoided, but when a roof slope terminates in a dead valley, the design must conform to the Application standards in 10.3.5.2.5.
Ridge vents may be used only on horizontal ridges. For ventilation of hip roofs, refer to 6.1.3.2 Attic Ventilation.

10.2 Materials

10.2.1 General

Starter shingles or rolls must be acceptable to the field shingle manufacturer.
Caps used on hips and ridges must be acceptable to the field asphalt shingle manufacturer and be of the same material as the shingles.
Membranes used to flash transitions with walls, parapets or curbs must meet the Standards found in 8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayment.
Membranes used in built-in gutters or dead valleys must meet the Standards found in 12.2.2 Materials.

10.2.2 Fasteners

All fasteners must be compatible with the materials they will contact, including all metal flashings.
Cladding Screws: Minimum No. 8 (⅛") gauge with rubber gasket grommet or washer made of metal compatible and corresponding in colour to metal flashing material.
Ridge cap fasteners must be at least 44 mm (1 ¾”) long but must nevertheless be long enough to penetrate the roof deck by at least 19 mm (3/4”).

10.2.3 Sealants

See 13.2.4 Sealants.

10.3 Application

10.3.1 General

The Standards in this Part may not include every possible detail the Contractor will encounter, but every installation must be executed in keeping with the following:
1. Every transition in plane must be flashed (under-laid) with a non-adhering underlayment or a self-adhering membrane; the choice is slope-dependent and at the discretion of the Design Authority, but in any event is subject to the Standards prescribed in Part 8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENT.
2. The underlayment below shingles, regardless of its type, serves as the final water barrier above the roof deck.
3. All materials must be installed in overlapping layers that positively shed water to a lower surface; asphalt shingles must be installed to provide double coverage.
4. Materials must be secured in accordance with various Parts in this Standard.
5. Water must be allowed to flow freely off the roof.
6. Nails must never be exposed to water.
See Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY for shingle nailing requirements.
Linear metal flashings must be
1. installed along all eave and rake (gable) edges, and
  1. extend at least 50 mm (2”) onto the roof deck.
  2. be securely fastened to the deck with acceptable nails placed no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
2. installed at every intersection with a wall.
3. separated from all substrates with self-adhered eave protection membrane or mechanically fastened underlayment.
A starter course is
1. required at all eaves.
2. recommended at rake (gable) edges.
In valleys and at eave and rake edges, extend the underlayment over the self-adhering membrane to keep shingles from bonding to the membrane.
When rafter tails or barge rafters extend past the eave edge and are flush with the roof deck, they should be protected
1. with shingles.
2. a metal cap flashing that is
  1. fabricated with drip edges along all three sides and a flange extending onto the roof deck.
  2. secured with at least two (2) fasteners.
Fascia flashings, when specified, must be fastened on the vertical face no more than 600 mm (24”) O.C. in a staggered pattern; fasteners must be placed at least 25 mm (1”) from top edge of the fascia.

10.3.2 Sequencing

Projects must follow proper sequencing. This means that materials must be installed so that they interface with other materials, systems or assemblies, including those installed by other trades, in “shingle fashion” by positively overlapping them below or above. Occasionally, the coordination with other trades requires some adaptation to this Standard. When that is the case, any variance to proper detail sequencing must be approved by the Design Authority in writing.

10.3.3 [NOT USED]

10.3.4 [NOT USED]

10.3.5 Perimeters and Walls

10.3.5.1 Eave, Rake (Gable) and Wall Flashings

See 13.3.1 Fabrication for metal flashing requirements. See also 13.3.2 Securement and Seams for seaming requirements.
Eaves must be constructed to the following Standards:
1. Linear metal flashings at the eaves and rakes (gable edges) are required on all Projects.
2. Eave protection or metal flashing underlayment must overhang eave fascia at least 25 mm (1”), to direct water into gutters. See also 8.3.1 Eave Protection.
3. Eave metal flashing must be installed
  1. above a separation layer.
  2. below the eave protection layer.
  3. so that the flashing extends at least 12 mm (1/2”) past the edge of the supporting deck, to accommodate gutter hangars (for existing or specified gutters).
  4. with nails driven through the flashing leg into the roof deck no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
4. All types of shingles installed on Common Slope and Steep Slope roofs must
  1. be installed with a starter course along the eaves.
  2. overhang the fascia approximately 37 mm (1 ½”), or with sufficient overhang to lead water into exposed eaves trough. Extend the overhang further for Low Slope roofs.
Rake (gable) edges must be constructed to the following Standards:
1. continuous linear metal flashings must be installed
  1. above a separation layer.
  2. with nails driven through the flashing leg into the roof deck no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
2. Asphalt shingles must be installed so that they overlap a rake (gable) edge by at least 12 mm (1/2”), unless exceeded by the manufacturer’s published requirements.
3. Shingles installed on Low Slopes must be sealed in a bed of compatible mastic at all rake edges.
Step flashings connecting the roof to a wall must be constructed to the following Standards:
1. Only new step flashings are permitted (cloning is not allowed), and step flashings shall
  1. extend at least
    1. 125 mm (5") up vertical surfaces behind wall control layers (e.g. water, vapour, air) or a counterflashing (where used).
    2. 100 mm (4") horizontally between courses of roofing.
  2. have a 75 mm (3") head-lap above the shingle exposure.
  3. be placed flush with the butt edge (bottom) of each asphalt shingle course.
  4. fastened with nails located 50 mm (2") down from the top edge and 25 mm (1") in from the outside edge on the deck flange portion of each step flashing.
2. Where step flashings are used, a drainage path of no less than 6 mm (1/4”) and no more than 12 mm (1/2”) must be provided between the edge of the shingle and the vertical face of the step flashing.
3. When the fascia board extends above the surface of the Finished Water-shedding Assembly, step flashings trimmed to the height of the fascia must be used. Cap flashings that cover the top surface of the fascia board must be joined and secured in keeping with the Standards in 13.3.2 Securement and Seams.
Head wall and Apron flashings must be
1. installed behind wall control layers (e.g. water, vapour, air) or a counterflashing (where used).
2. extend at least 100 mm (4”) over roofing material.
3. secured
  1. to the wall with nails set no closer than 300 mm (12”) O. C. (new construction).
  2. through the shingles into the supporting roof deck with cladding screws
    1. spaced every 600 mm (2’).
    2. located at least 25 mm (1”) in from the safety edge of the flashing. Lengths of flashing may be overlapped rather than seamed; ensure that each overlap measures at least 100 mm (4”) when fully caulked in the lap, or 150 mm (6”) when installed without caulking in the lap.
4. combined with an inside corner step flashing where a shingled slope intersects with an overhanging soffit.
A diverter flashing, to direct water into gutters,
1. must be installed under the first course of shingles at the junction of roof eaves and a wall and must be installed over roof material by at least 100 mm (4").
2. may be installed at the lower end of a rake edge under the second course of shingles.

10.3.5.2 Valleys

10.3.5.2.1 Valley Protection Membrane

Valleys must be protected with membrane that must be
1. installed in all types of roof valleys.
2. an Accepted material (see 8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments).
3. at least 900 mm (36”) in width, or wide enough to extend past the outside edges of a metal valley flashing onto each roof field by at least 150 mm (6”).
4. centred along the valley.
5. installed lengthwise along the valley, from the eave edge to at least 50 mm (2”) past the upper end of the metal valley flashing.
6. positively overlap
  1. lower runs of valley membrane by no less than 150 mm (6”), rolled to ensure even, full adhesion.
  2. membrane installed at the eaves.

10.3.5.2.2 Open Valleys

Open valleys are the only style permitted for
1. lock-type shingles.
2. laminated asphalt shingles.
3. Low Slope roofs.
Open valleys
1. for any slope may be constructed with a sheet metal valley flashing.
2. for Common Slope and Steep Slope roofs may be constructed with one layer of granule-faced SBS-modified bituminous membrane
  1. measuring at least 3.7 mm thick and 1 m (39") wide.
  2. centred in the valley and fastened with nails spaced not more than 450 mm (18") located 25 mm (1") away from the membrane edges.
Metal valley flashings must
1. be installed before any shingle application. The installation of shingle starter strips beneath the metal valley flashings is not acceptable.
2. be secured to the deck
  1. with fasteners nailed through the metal flashing
    1. no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C.
    2. approximately 25 mm (1”) in from the edge of the metal flashing.
  2. with cleats nailed to the roof deck no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C. and hooked onto the outside edges of the flashing.
3. extend to
  1. the edge of the eaves.
  2. the upper end of the valley or, where a slope continues above it, beyond the valley to a point no less than 300 mm (12”) past the termination of the valley.
4. positively overlap adjoining lengths of flashing (shingle-style), where each overlap measures at least
  1. 200 mm (8”) when fully caulked in the lap.
  2. 300 mm (12”) when installed without caulking in the lap.
5. have a single central upstanding diverter/divider, except where the valley is less than 1200 mm (48”) long.
6. have two evenly spaced upstand diverters/dividers where a Steep Slope roof drains onto a Common or Low Slope roof. See 13.3.1 Fabrication for metal flashing requirements.
7. be sealed to the valley protection membrane with a strip of the same membrane material, when installed on low-slope roofs or in regions with high snow accumulation; each strip must measure at least 150 mm (6”) in width, and must be centred along each edge of the flashing.
All shingles terminating at the valley must be
1. cut so that space between the cut edges of opposite roof faces widens toward the eave.
2. trimmed diagonally at upper corners on the head lap.
3. secured no closer than 150 mm (6") from the valley centreline.
4. no less than 200 mm (8”) in width (see 9.3.1 General).
5. sealed in a bed of compatible mastic (Low Slope applications only).
So-called California-type valleys are permissible for laminated shingles, subject to approval by the shingle manufacturer, and must be constructed in keeping with the following Standards or the manufacturer’s published installation requirements, whichever are greater:
1. Laminated shingles used as a valley starter must be
  1. laid end to end vertically up each side of the installed metal valley flashing, so that their bottom edges align with and are set back from the centre of the valley by at least 50 mm (2”); use a chalk lines for guidance.
  2. nailed along the shingle manufacturer’s designated fastening zone or line using at least four (4) fasteners per shingle (see Part 3 for securement requirements).
2. Laminated field shingles (uncut) must be
  1. laid perpendicular to the roof slope and overlap the valley starter shingles installed on either side of the valley centreline.
  2. secured no closer than 150 mm (6") from the butt edge of valley starter shingles.
  3. completely cover the butt-end joints of valley starter shingles.
  4. no less than 200 mm (8”) in width (see 9.3.1 General).
  5. installed in keeping with the requirements in Part 9.

10.3.5.2.3 Woven Valleys

Woven valleys must be constructed only with single-layer three-tab shingles and are not acceptable for laminated shingles.
Valley shingles must be woven together as follows:
1. The first course on one roof area must be laid along the eaves so that it extends across the valley, onto the adjoining roof area at least 300 mm (12").
2. The first course on the adjacent roof area must be laid so that it also extends across the valley, onto the adjoining roof area and on top of the previously applied shingles.
3. Continue this method, alternating from one side of the valley to the other, weaving the shingles together as subsequent courses are installed.
4. Shingles must be secured
  1. no closer than 150 mm (6") from the valley centreline.
  2. both at the end of the manufacturer’s designated fastening zone or line, and with an extra nail at the upper corner of the shingle.

10.3.5.2.4 Closed-cut Valleys

Closed-cut valley may be used only on roof slopes exceeding 1:3 (4" in 12"), and only if permitted in writing by the shingle manufacturer. Closed-cut valleys may not be used with laminated asphalt shingles.
Shingles must be pressed tightly into the valley.
No nails may be fastened within 150 mm (6”) of the valley centreline.
Two nails must be used to secure the ends of the shingles in the valley; fasten the overlapping shingles both at the end of the manufacturer’s designated fastening zone or line, and with an extra nail at the upper corner of the shingle.

10.3.5.2.5 Dead Valleys and Valley Transitions

Dead valleys must be
1. waterproofed following the standards for membrane gutters (see 12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters).
2. positively drained with a minimum slope of 1:50 (2%, or 1/4” in 12”)
  1. into one or more roof drains, or
  2. onto a lower water-shedding roof. Transitions from waterproofing to water-shedding systems must be made in keeping with the Standards for Waterproofing (roof) Systems. A metal flashing incorporated with the membrane and extending at least 100 mm (4”) past a juncture with a wall, to divert water away from the wall, is required. See also 10.3.5.5 Junctions with Waterproofing Systems.
Where a ridge and valleys of one roof intersects another shingled roof plane,
1. the valley protection membrane and metal valley flashing must be carried up the adjoining slope at least 300 mm (12”).
2. two self-adhering membrane patches are required:
  1. Lower patch: cover the peaked joint between valley metal flashings and extend the patch up the slope at least 150 mm (6”); the width of the patch must not exceed the exposure of the ridge cap shingles.
  2. Upper patch: overlap the lower patch by at least 50 mm (2”) and extend up the slope at least 150 mm (6”) past the metal.
3. ridge cap shingles and the continuing courses of shingles on the main roof slope must be installed using a Split Ridge Cap Shingle Transition (see Construction Detail ASh 10.5.1 Valley Transition (Upper).
When a metal valley changes slope, direction or both,
1. self-adhering valley membrane protection must be continuous across the slope transition.
2. each valley must be flashed with a separate metal valley flashing.
3. a flexible membrane flap (i.e. 1.524 mm (60 mil) EPDM) or accepted mouldable material must be used to bridge the slope transition; the membrane must be adhered to the lower valley metal flashing and loosely tucked beneath the upper flashing, extending at least 100 mm (4”) on either side of the slope transition.
4. metal valley flashings must positively overlap, ideally no less than 200 mm (8”); where the minimum overlap is not achievable, use a larger flexible membrane flap to achieve an overall overlap of 200 mm (8”).

10.3.5.3 Ridge and Hip Caps

Ridge and hip caps must be
1. installed according to the manufacturer’s published instructions, or to these Standards, whichever are greater.
2. applied to provide a minimum double coverage, including the first cap.
3. secured in keeping with Part 3; nails must penetrate through, or at least 19 mm (3/4”) into, the roof deck.
4. free of exposed nails, except for the last cap; use an acceptable sealant to seal exposed nails (see 10.2.4 Sealants).

10.3.5.4 Junctions with Waterproofing Systems

Where two roof systems intersect, materials must be compatible with each other, or must be separated from contact by an intermediate separation layer.
When an asphalt shingle roof transitions
1. up a slope onto an upper Waterproofing System (Figures 10.1 and 10.2),
  1. 1) the transition may be made with a headwall flashing in combination with a parapet, or with a metal edge termination (following the requirements for either as articulated in the RoofStar Guarantee Standards of the relevant Waterproofing System Standard).
  2. the waterproofing must be completed in accordance with the Standards found in 10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems of the relevant Waterproofing System Standard.
2. down a slope onto a lower Waterproofing System (Figures 10.3 and 10.4),
  1. the waterproofing must be completed in accordance with the Standards found in 10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems of the relevant Waterproofing System Standard.
  2. shingles must be started with a starter course.
  3. shingle underlayment must overlap the waterproofing flashing by no less than 100 mm (4”).
  4. the lowest course of shingles should terminate above the Waterproofing System no closer than 100 mm (4”).

Click on the images to view the related Construction Detail.

**Figures 10.1**, **10.2**, **10.2** and **10.4** (Illustrations only. Click on the images to view a complete Construction Detail)

11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS

11.1 General

This Part contains standards and references to membrane work that may be atypical of Asphalt Shingle System construction. These are nevertheless included to address situations where multiple types of roof systems intersect or overlap, or where membrane gutters are employed (see also 12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters). The reader is advised to read this Part with consideration to the entire scope of the Project design and its construction. Other Standards for Waterproofing Systems may also apply.

11.1.1 Definitions

Curb: means an elevated box or platform that is supported by the roof structure, is protected from the weather and is used to support or surround building mechanical units, chimney vents, skylights or structural anchor points. The front of a curb is defined as the side facing down the slope; the back of a curb is defined as the side facing up the slope.

See the Glossary for other terms used in this Manual.

11.1.2 Design

The design and placement of curbs, for skylights or penetrations, shall be the responsibility of the Design Authority.
Curbs and penetration flashings are normally supplied or constructed by other trades but must be sealed by the Contractor.
Curbs for skylights and other equipment must be designed with a minimum height of 150 mm (6”) above the roof deck. Proprietary deck-mounted skylights with curb profiles lower than the minimum must be capable of shedding water that flows over and around the skylight structure.
The surface of shingles must be protected from damage during the life of the roof, including damage by funneled water (such as water from rainwater leaders that spills directly onto another roof surface). Therefore, while external metal gutters are an accessory and are not covered by the RoofStar Guarantee, the roof design must incorporate means and methods, such as the use of rainwater gutters, leader extensions or other devices, for managing the flow of water from one roof surface to another and away from the building.
Penetrations
1. must each be weatherproofed with a flashing.
2. should be located away from valleys, but in any event must be situated so that the flange of the penetration flashing is at least 100 mm (4”) away from the edge of metal valley pans.
5-in-1 penetration flashings
1. are not recommended for new construction because their waterproofing installation relies on proper execution by other trades.
2. are permitted only when installed together with a properly fitted and caulked galvanized storm collar.

11.2 Materials

11.2.1 Membrane Flashing

Membranes used to flash (strip in) penetrations shall be the same material used for eave and valley protection. Refer to 8.2 Materials (EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENT).

11.2.2 Roof Drains and Overflows

Drains and overflows used in membrane gutters may be found in any of the Waterproofing Systems Standards. The reader is advised to consult the relevant standard for design, material and application requirements.

11.2.3 Penetration Flashings

Penetration flashings, regardless of their type, must be either
1. proprietary to, or privately labeled for, the shingle manufacturer, or
2. specifically accepted by the RoofStar Guarantee Program.
See also 6.2.2 Air Vents for Attic Ventilation.
Penetration flashings should be selected for their ability to inhibit the intrusion of vermin and insects into the roof assembly and building interior.
Mechanical penetration flashings:
1. Lead plumbing vent flashings must each be
  1. fabricated with sheet lead material weighing no less than 14.65 Kg/m² (3lb/sf).
  2. properly sized for the pipe.
  3. supplied with a settlement cap made from the same materials (the inside collar of the settlement cap must fit vertically inside the pipe opening by at least 1”).
2. All plastic or metal penetration flashings (including mechanical exhaust vents but excluding natural airflow vents) must be
  1. manufactured with materials and methods that meet or exceed the requirements set out in CSA B272, Prefabricated Self-Sealing Roof Vent Flashings.
  2. permanently marked with the standard number.
  3. tested by an accredited third party to verify compliance with the required Standard.
  4. properly sized for the penetration, both in diameter and height.
  5. watertight and seamless or, in the alternative, fabricated with fully hot-welded joints.
  6. fabricated with a hot-welded or seamless flange at least 100 mm (4") wide, around the bottom of the flashing.
  7. flexible or sloped to suit the roof slope.
  8. fitted with a clamping galvanized storm collar or settlement cap.
  These flashings include, without limitation, galvanized B-vent and polymeric flashings.
3. 5-in-1 flashings (flashings manufactured with Thermoplastic Elastomers, or TPE) must be
  1. manufactured with materials and methods that meet or exceed the requirements set out in CSA B272, Prefabricated Self-Sealing Roof Vent Flashings.
  2. permanently marked with the standard number.
  3. tested by an accredited third party to verify compliance with the required Standard.
  4. properly sized for the penetration.
Natural air flow vents must be
1. Type B or C ventilators manufactured to conform to or exceed the requirements set out in CAN3-A93-M82 (R2003) Natural Airflow Ventilator for Buildings.
2. permanently marked with the standard number.
3. tested by an accredited third party to verify compliance with the required Standard.
4. fabricated from plastic or corrosion-resistant metal (painted or unfinished).
5. manufactured with a base flange that measures
  1. at least 75 mm (3”) wide on the up-slope side of the flashing.
  2. at least 50 mm (2”) along the vertical sides, and along the bottom side of the flashing.
Sheet lead flashings must be fabricated with sheet lead material weighing no less than 14.65 Kg/m² (3lb/sf).
B-vent and plumbing vent flashings must be at least 200 mm (8") in height, measured vertically from the surface of the Finished Water-shedding Assembly to the opening or top of the flashing.
Goose-neck flashings must be fabricated to accommodate environmental conditions (wind and snow).
Storm collars must be fabricated so that they slope downward approximately 45° from the penetration and are at least 50 mm (2”) wide.
Chimney chase caps must be
1. galvanized metal meeting the material standards for metal flashings in Part 13.
2. soldered at all joints in the water plane.
3. fabricated with slope to shed water.

11.3 Application

11.3.1 General

The Standards in this Part may not include every possible detail the Contractor will encounter, but every installation must be executed in keeping with the following:
1. Every transition in plane must be flashed (under-laid) with a non-adhering underlayment or a self-adhering membrane; the choice is slope-dependent and at the discretion of the Design Authority, but in any event is subject to the Standards prescribed in Part 8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENTS.
2. The underlayment below shingles, regardless of its type, serves as the final water barrier above the roof deck.
3. All materials must be installed in overlapping layers that positively shed water to a lower surface; asphalt shingles must be installed to provide double coverage.
4. Materials must be secured in accordance with various Parts in this Standard.
5. Water must be allowed to flow freely off the roof.
6. Nails must never be exposed to water.
All penetration and linear metal flashings must be separated from the underlying substrate with underlayment or a self-adhering eave protection membrane. See Part 8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENTS.
The flange of any penetration flashing must be at least 100 mm (4”) away from the edge of metal valley pans.
Where self-adhered membranes are installed around penetrations,
1. the flashing flange must be sealed to the roof deck with a horseshoe patch of self-adhering membrane that
  1. extends up the slope at least 200 mm (8”) past the top of the flange, overlapped by the next (upper) course of underlayment.
  2. extends downslope from the opening at least 50 mm (2”).
  3. extends onto the side flanges by at least 38 mm (1 ½”) and beyond the sides of the flange by at least 100 mm (4”).
  4. provides a drainage path
    1. of 12 mm (1/2”) around the sides of the penetration upstand.
    2. of 19 mm (3/4”) around the top of the penetration upstand.
2. membrane overlaps must be hand-rolled with a membrane manufacturer’s accepted roller or otherwise fully bonded.
Linear metal flashings used at walls, curbs or other vertical surfaces must be installed behind (covered with) any control layers, finish materials and counterflashings.
Shingles installed around a flanged penetration flashing or curb step flashings must
1. be nailed outside the flange of a plastic vent; nailing through a metal flange is permissible (NOTE: when the flange is wider than 100 mm (4”), the shingle overlap must be manually tabbed).
2. maintain double coverage.
3. provide a drainage path of no less than 6 mm (1/4”) and no more than 12 mm (1/2”) between the edge of the shingles and the sides of the penetration or curb.
Where fasteners may be exposed to the weather, only cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers may be used. See 13.2.3 Fasteners.
When installing heat-welded membranes, or where construction sequencing requires it, alternatives to conventional membrane flashing should be considered. Refer to 11.3.3.2 Alternative Membrane Flashing Approaches in the SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Systems Standard.

11.3.2 Roof Drains and Drainage

11.3.2.1 General

For the application of roof drains, refer to Part 11 in the applicable Waterproofing System Standards.

11.3.2.2 [NOT USED]

11.3.2.3 [NOT USED]

11.3.2.4 [NOT USED]

11.3.2.5 [NOT USED]

11.3.2.6 External Metal Gutters

Gutters and downspouts are not covered by the RoofStar Guarantee.
Notwithstanding other standards in this Part, when a roof drains onto another roof, the drainage of water must be controlled to eliminate abrasion or erosion from water flow. The use of splash pads, when appropriate for the location, is strongly recommended.
The use of downspouts, installed by the Contractor or other trades and laid directly against the slope of the roof to connect an upper roof drainage to lower gutters, is acceptable under the RoofStar Guarantee Program, provided the material is strongly secured both at the top and the bottom. The use of a spillway flashing is optional.

11.3.3 Penetrations and Vents

Penetration flashings must be located at least 200 mm (8”) away from any adjacent penetration, upstand, edge or wall. The separation space is measured between openings, excluding the flange.
Each roof penetration must have its own flashing (except where a purpose-made flashing is designed for multiple penetrations), and must
1. be suitable for the slope and penetration.
2. be properly fitted to form or permit a seal around the penetration.
3. incorporate properly fitted settlement caps (where applicable).
4. not be used with multiple pipe roof penetrations.
All flanged vent and penetration flashings must be
1. flashed in with a self-adhering eave protection membrane ‘horseshoe’ as described in 11.3.1 General.
2. located no closer to the ridge than 300 mm (12”), or two courses of shingles, whichever is greater.
3. secured to the roof deck:
  1. When the flashing is supplied with pre-drilled or moulded nail and screw holes, use nails where the fasteners are covered by shingles; use gasketed screw where fasteners will be exposed.
  2. When the flashing does not have any pre-drilled or moulded fastening holes, place
    1. nails in the top corners of flashing flange, and at the mid-point on either side of the flange, keeping nails 12 mm (1/2”) from the edge.
    2. screws in the bottom flange - one fastener centred below the flashing upstand when it is 200 mm (8”) or less in width, or two fasteners when the flashing body is wider.
Plastic vent flashings shall not be used
1. for combustion or grease laden venting.
2. in combination with solvent-based primers, cements or mastic.
5-in-1 flashings
1. are not recommended for new construction because their waterproofing installation relies on proper execution by other trades.
2. are permitted only when installed together with a properly fitted and caulked galvanized storm collar.
3. must be installed together with a properly fitted and caulked galvanized storm collar. When used for new construction, the plumbing trade must ensure the
  1. flashing is not distorted.
  2. storm collar is securely fitted and sealed.
When a pipe-type penetration extends above the top edge of the roof flashing, the penetration must be fitted with at least one galvanized clamping storm collar; seal the top edge of the collar with an evenly applied, untooled bead of sealant at least 10 mm (3/8”) wide. When a double storm collar is specified, the collars must be approximately 25 mm (1”) apart, and each must be independently sealed.
Where a purpose-made flashing does not fit the penetration, the joint between the penetration and the flashing must be sealed using one of the following methods:
1. Fit a site-formed non-bituminous flexible roof membrane storm collar and secure it to the flashing and penetration with stainless steel clamps.
2. Apply a shrink-wrapped termination secured with a stainless steel mechanical compression strap.
Regardless of the method, sealant must be applied between the penetration and the collar or shrink-wrapping.

11.3.4 Curbs

All curbs incorporated into the Water-shedding System must be
1. no less than 150 mm (6”) in height above the roof deck.
2. fully flashed with a self-adhered underlayment membrane, which must extend to the top of the curb. Where possible, the membrane should extend across the top of the curb and terminate on the vertical inside face.
3. flashed on all sides with the following metal flashings, which must be fabricated, seamed and secured in keeping with 13.3 Application:
  1. An apron flashing at the bottom.
  2. Step flashings on the sides.
  3. A backpan, cricket or membrane-covered cricket installed at the top.
The top edge of all metal flashings must be protected from exposure to the weather with
1. curb wall finishes.
2. equipment flashings.
3. metal counterflashings.
Apron flashings must
1. be secured to the wall or secured with gasketed screws into the roof deck.
2. be wrapped around the sides of the curb by at least 100 mm (4”) (see Figure 13.8).
3. precede the installation of step flashings along the sides of the curb.
Only new step flashings are permitted (cloning is not allowed), and step flashings shall
1. extend at least 75 mm (3") downslope from the corner of a vertical surface (wall or curb) and have a 75 mm (3") head-lap above the shingle exposure.
2. be placed flush with the butt edge (bottom) of each asphalt shingle course.
3. fastened through the deck flange of the flashing with nails placed 50 mm (2") and 25 mm (1") in from the outside edge.
4. fold around the top face of a curb and extended upslope, behind and beneath the backpan.
Where step flashings are used, a drainage path of no less than 6 mm (1/4”) and no more than 12 mm (1/2”) must be provided between the edge of the shingle and the vertical face of the step flashing.
Backpans must be installed to overlap step flashings, and must be fastened
1. into the curb through the flashing upstand.
2. into the roof deck along the top edge of the backpan, and 300 mm (12”) down from the top of the backpan, on either side.
Curbs with widths
1. up to 900 mm (36”) must be flashed at the top with a backpan (see 13.3.1 Fabrication).
2. between 900 mm (36”) and 1200 mm (48”) must be constructed with a metal saddle (cricket) that
  1. is supported by rigid material to prevent metal distortion.
  2. is integrated with the curb or chimney flashings.
  3. extends up-slope from the back of the curb, beneath the shingles and underlayment to a point at least 150 mm (6”) (when measured vertically) from the base of the curb.
  4. has flanges which lap under the metal curb flashing at least 50 mm (2”).
  5. is closed at any seams with either of the following:
    1. welds.
    2. blind rivets, incorporating two beads/rows of sealant.
3. over 1200 mm (48”) must be designed and constructed with a waterproofing membrane installed over a rigidly constructed cricket; the membrane must extend 150 mm (6”) laterally past the curb corner, and extend 75 mm (3”) down the face of the roof deck, overlapping shingles. See Part 12 for built-in membrane gutters. See also 10.3.5.2.5 Dead Valleys and Valley Transitions.
Shingles above the flange of a backpan or metal cricket must be installed
1. at least 50 mm (2”) up slope from the curb or cricket.
2. secured to the roof deck no less than 200 mm (8”) up slope from the curb or cricket.
Masonry chimneys must incorporate counterflashings
1. that overlap the apron flashing, step flashings and backpan.
2. installed in a raked joint or cut reglet at least 25 mm (1”) deep and finished with sealant or mortar (see British Columbia Building Code, 9.26.4.4 Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry).
Skylights
1. installed on curbs meeting the minimum height requirements (see 11.1.2 Design) must be waterproofed and flashed in keeping with the Standards for curbs.
2. with proprietary curbs must, regardless of their height, be sealed to the roof deck following the Standards for penetration and vent flashings.

12 OTHER DETAILS

12.1 Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Water Panels

12.1.1 Design

No PV or solar water panels may be mounted on water-shedding roofs with a slope less than 1:4 (3” in 12”).
All PV or solar water panels shall be
1. engineered for securement to the structure against wind uplift.
2. deck-mounted at least 150 mm (6 inches) from the surface of the Finished Water-shedding Assembly (shingles).
3. supported with hardware installed in keeping with the Standards for penetration flashings in Part 11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS.

12.1.2 Materials

(Under development)

12.1.3 Application

All PV or solar water panels shall be installed in keeping with the Standards for penetration flashings in Part 11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS.

12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters

12.2.1 Design

When a built-in membrane gutter adjoins a RoofStar-guaranteed Water-shedding System, the gutter waterproofing must be constructed by the Contractor to be included by the RoofStar Guarantee. Built-in membrane gutters that drain a roof not covered by a RoofStar Guarantee are not eligible for a RoofStar Guarantee.
Insulated waterproofing assemblies that drain into a built-in gutter must abut solid blocking at the gutter edge that provides
1. a stop for the insulation assembly.
2. a solid substrate for the securement of flashings and membranes.
The Design Authority is responsible to design the gutter for its anticipated capacity, with consideration given to
1. rainfall and snow load calculations for the building location.
2. drain type, size and flow rate.
3. size and placement of the overflow drain.
For rainfall and snow load capacities, refer to the British Columbia Building Code, Div. B, Appendix C, Table C-2 which lists various types of loads, including rain and snow loads, for specific reference locations throughout the province.
Only fully adhered membranes or acceptable metal gutter liners may be used in built-in gutters.
The gutter membrane must be designed to extend up the slope (when measured vertically from the maximum water level)
1. at least 150 mm (6”).
2. at least 300 mm (12”) in regions with typical heavy snow.
or to a point (when measured vertically) at least 600 mm (24”) from the inside face of the exterior wall of the building.
New gutters shall be designed with a minimum width of 300 mm (12”) and a depth not exceeding the gutter’s width. At least 100 mm (4") clearance on the horizontal plane is required between any gutter wall and the
1. the edge of the drain bowl for spun drains.
2. the edge of the drain leader for flat spun or welded drains.
Cast drains must be installed according to the requirements set out in 11.3.2 Roof Drains.
To qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee, existing gutters should be redesigned if their capacity is undersized but must nevertheless incorporate an overflow drain in keeping with the Standards in this Section. Where the primary drain in an existing gutter is undersized for the capacity of the gutter, the primary drain must be replace with a properly sized drain.
An overflow drain must be located at least
1. 100 mm (4”) above the primary gutter drain.
2. 25 mm (1”) below any mechanical fasteners used to secure the adjoining roof assembly.
For transitions between the built-in gutter and Water-shedding Systems, refer to 10.3.6 Junctions with Waterproofing Systems.

12.2.2 Materials

NOTE: These material standards are applicable to membrane gutters for all water-shedding systems.

Only EPDM, PVC, TPO, 2-ply modified bituminous membranes or reinforced PMMA are acceptable for this application:
1. Single-ply non-bituminous membrane thickness must be no less than 1.524 mm (60 mil).
2. 2-ply bituminous membranes must meet the minimum thickness requirements in 9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection (RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Systems).
3. Reinforced PMMA liquid membrane systems approved for field use, applied on an accepted SBS-modified bitumen base membrane.
A metal gutter liner may be fabricated from
1. copper sheet material, incorporating soldered seams.
2. stainless steel, incorporating welded seams.

See 13.2.1 Sheet Metal Grade and Gauge for gauge requirements. See also Application below.

12.2.3 Application

All gutter membranes must be installed according to the membrane manufacturer’s published instructions.
Gutter membranes must be
1. installed perpendicular to the gutter length.
2. carried up an adjoining Water-shedding System (measured vertically from the maximum water level)
  1. at least 150 mm (6”).
  2. at least 300 mm (12”) in regions with typical heavy snow. or to a point (when measured vertically) at least 600 mm (24”) from the inside face of the exterior wall of the building, whichever is greater.
  3. lapped underneath the Water-shedding System protection and underlayment materials (Note: when the gutter membrane is incompatible with the overlaying materials, a separation layer is required).
  4. installed in keeping with Application requirements in this Manual.
3. Gutter membranes must be mechanically secured at their terminations, both on the outside of the gutter edge and on the roof field. Fasteners securing the membrane on the roof field must be placed at least 150 mm (6”) above the maximum water level. Securement fastener spacing shall be no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
4. Gutter drains and overflows must be installed in keeping with the design requirements outlined in 12.2.1 Design above. Drain flanges that are bent to accommodate the side walls of the gutter must be mechanically fastened to the gutter wall before membrane application. Refer to the RoofStar Guarantee Standards for roof drains in the relevant Waterproofing System Standard.
5. A metal gutter liner
  1. fabricated from copper sheet material must incorporate soldered seams.
  2. fabricated from stainless steel must incorporate welded seams.
  3. must be installed
    1. over an adhered single ply membrane no less than 2.3 mm (bituminous membranes) or 60 mils (non-bituminous membranes).
    2. with a slip sheet between the membrane and the metal liner to prevent damage to the membrane caused by the liner at its joints.
6. When an adjoining Water-shedding System is insulated (typically ASM only), the transition from gutter to the Water-shedding System may require the use of tapered insulation incorporating a drainage plane between layers of tapered insulation. See Construction Detail E1.7.16 Built-in Gutter for an illustrated example.

12.3 Snow Retention Systems

(Under development)

13 METAL FLASHINGS

13.1 General

This Part pertains to linear metal flashings (different from penetration flashings), fabricated from sheet metal and designed to divert water away from the membrane flashing termination, usually onto the roof. The metal flashing also protects the membrane from weathering and damage, provides an aesthetic finish to the roof assembly. Linear metal flashings are not a waterproofing component but are integral to the water-shedding function of the roof system. Refer also to Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS and Part 11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS).

Linear metal flashings include, without limitation,

Coping (cap) flashing.
Counter-flashing.
Base flashing.
Fascia flashing.
Perimeter edge flashing (similar to a “gravel stop” flashing).

For further details, the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association, Inc. (SMACNA) publishes a reliable reference for the proper design and installation of architectural sheet metal.

13.1.1 Definitions

Refer to the Glossary for further definitions of key terms used in this Manual.

13.1.2 Design

Linear metal flashings described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee. Furthermore, only new linear metal flashings may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing linear metal flashings is prohibited and may void the Guarantee. See also 1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations.
The Design Authority must specify
1. metal type, finish and gauge.
2. seam types (if required).
3. length of flashings (if different from the Guarantee Standards outlined below)
4. method of attachment (concealed or exposed fasteners).
Design drawings must detail linear metal flashing profiles desired for the Project.
Roof materials that are UV-sensitive must be protected with linear metal flashings.
5) Where a Water-shedding System adjoins a Waterproofing System, linear metal flashings used at the adjoining details must conform to the standards applicable in Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS for the applicable Waterproofing System.
Where a parapet meets a water-shedding roof system, the parapet shall be waterproofed in accordance with the RoofStar Guarantee Standards for the applicable waterproofing system used on the parapet. See also 10.3.6 Junctions with Waterproofing Roof Assemblies.
For linear metal flashings applied to Waterproofing Systems, see Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS in the relevant Waterproofing System Standard.

13.2 Materials

13.2.1 Sheet Metal Grade and Gauge

A mill certificate must be provided by the Contractor when requested by the Design Authority.
The following minimum gauges and / or weights of commonly used metals or alloys are acceptable for use in the RoofStar Guarantee Program.

GALVANIZED STEEL: 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26-gauge) galvanized steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A653 / A653M-06 CS Type B, Z275 (G90) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ASTM A924/A924M-06 ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").

ALUMINUM – ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL: 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26-gauge) aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A792/A792M-06 CS Type B, AZM150 (AZ50) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ASTM A924/A924M-06 ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").

ALUMINUM: 0.80 mm (0.032", 20-gauge) aluminum sheet, utility quality to CSA HA Series - 1975, plain or embossed finish. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.06 mm (0.0025") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.

STAINLESS STEEL: 0.38 mm (0.014", 28-gauge) stainless steel, Type 302, 304, 316, 2B finish to ASTM A167-82. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.04 mm (0.0015") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.

COPPER: 0.56 mm (0.022", 16 oz.) copper sheet, cold rolled roofing copper to ASTM B370-81. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.09 mm (0.0035") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.

ZINC: 0.80 mm (0.031") zinc Sheet conforming to European standard EN 988-1996. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.03 mm (0.0012").

The Design Authority should indicate the type and gauge of metal required, as well as the qualifying standards. The reference standard for gauges is USS REV (metric in mm).

13.2.2 Pre-painted Finishes

When a painted finish on metal flashing is specified, only SMP and PVDF pre-painted finishes are acceptable.
Where an Architectural Sheet Metal System adjoins an Asphalt Shingle System, connecting Linear Metal Flashings must have the same finish as the metal panels (PVDF).

13.2.3 Fasteners

Nails are acceptable as fasteners, unless otherwise specified by the Design Authority or prohibited by the Standards in this Manual.
All threaded fasteners used to secure Linear Metal Flashings must be #8 corrosion-resistant screw or expansion fastener with a low-profile head, and must be compatible with both the metal flashing material and the substrate.
Cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers, used as exposed fasteners for metal flashing must be No. 8 or larger, and must be made of metal compatible with, and corresponding in colour to, the flashing material.
Blind rivets may be used for securing two metal flashings together.

13.2.4 Sealants

Sealants shall be
1. non-hardening high quality butyl or polyurethane.
2. available in either gun grade or sealant tape form.
3. suitable for exterior use and able to resist the effects of weathering.
4. compatible with, and able to adhere to, the materials to which they are applied.
Sealants shall conform to any one of the following:
1. CGSB 19-GP-5M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Acrylic Base, Solvent Curing”.
2. CAN / CGSB-19.13, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Elastomeric, Chemical Curing”.
3. CGSB 19-GP-14M, “Sealing Compound, One Component, Butyl-Polyisobutylene Polymer Base, Solvent Curing”.
4. CAN / CGSB-19.24, “Multi-Component, Chemical Curing Sealing Compound”.

13.3 Application

13.3.1 Fabrication

Drip edges are not required but are strongly recommended for flashings around the outside perimeter of a building, in order to protect wall finishes. When drip edges are used they must extend at least 12 mm (1/2”) from the vertical face.
Eave and rake edge flashings (Figure 13.1) must be fabricated with a
1. leg that extends onto the supporting deck surface at least 50 mm (2”).
2. vertical leg that is bent to suit the slope, extending down the outside edge of the roof deck at least 12.5 mm (1/2”).

**Figure 13.1a** and **13.1b** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)
300 px	300 px

Valley flashing (Figure 13.2 and Figure 13.3) must be
1. at least 600 mm (24”) wide.
2. no more than 3000 mm (10’) in length.
3. fabricated with
  1. a centre diverter (W profile), folded to a maximum of 60° (degrees) on the inside angle of the divider, at least 25 mm (1”) in height.
  2. double diverters, located 75 mm (3”) from the valley pan centreline, when a Steep Slope roof drains onto a Common Slope or Low Slope roof surface.

**Figure 13.2** and **13.3** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)

Water diverter flashings (Figure 13.4), when used together with a step flashing at a wall, must be folded bread-pan fashion (not cut, riveted or welded), and must
1. be at least
  1. 75 mm (3”) in height above the surface of the Finished Water-shedding System.
  2. 150 mm (6”) in length at the top of the vertical leg.
2. incorporate an upstanding diverter leg
  1. bent at the downslope end of the flashing
  2. that extends downslope at least 110° (degrees).
  3. no less than 50 mm (2”) in height where the diverter leg intersects the vertical face of the flashing.
  4. notched at the outer corner to form an outlet for drainage.

See Construction Detail ASh 10.1.2 for an illustrated guide.

**Figure 13.4** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)

Apron flashings (Figure 13.5) must be
1. fabricated to extend
  1. laterally past the sides of the curb or chimney, and to fold back along its sides, by at least 100 mm (4”).
  2. downslope from the curb or chimney 100 mm (4”).
2. over-broken (bent) so that the lower flashing leg extending onto the roof field will rest on the shingles under slight tension.

**Figure 13.5** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)

Step flashings (Figure 13.6) must be
1. at least 125 mm (5”) in height above the surface of the Finished Water-shedding System.
2. at least 100 mm (4”) in width.
3. at least 225 mm (9”) in length, or fabricated to match the shingle exposure plus 75 mm (3”), whichever is greater.

**Figure 13.6** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)

Backpan flashings (Figure 13.7) must be fabricated
1. to extend at least
  1. 150 mm (6") up vertical surfaces.
  2. 450 mm (18") up the slope of the roof deck (for roof slopes less than 1:3 (4” in 12”), follow the requirements for chimney saddles in British Columbia Building Code, 9.26.4.8 (5) Chimney Saddles).
  3. 100 mm (4") laterally past the curb corners and folded downslope at an angle, not cut.
2. with a capillary cut-out measuring between 3 mm (1/4”) and 6 mm (1/2”), notched into the bottom outside corner of each side extension.

**Figure 13.7** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)

Head wall counterflashings (Figure 13.8) must be
1. fashioned to the same height and width dimensions as a step-flashing.
2. hemmed at the edge of the exposed leg.
3. over-broken (bent) so that the lower flashing leg extending onto the roof field will rest on the shingles under slight tension.

**Figure 13.8** (Click on the image to expand)
(Note: not all typical materials are shown)

13.3.2 Securement and Seams

Unless otherwise stated in this Standard, all linear metal flashings (except step flashings)
1. must be secured with at least two (2) fasteners, or with fasteners placed no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C. (see also Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS or Part 11 DRAINAGE and PENETRATIONS).
2. in protected locations may be secured with nails or threaded fasteners that penetrate the substrate at least 19 mm (3/4”).
3. in exposed locations must be secured with cladding fasteners.
When nails are used to secure metal flashings, they must be
1. covered by other (wall or curb) materials, or by adjacent flashings, and may not be left exposed to the weather.
2. installed at least 25 mm (1”) above the bottom edge of expected wall or curb finishes.
With the exception of metal valley flashings, linear flashings may be overlapped rather than seamed. Each overlap must be no less than
1. 100 mm (4”) when fully caulked in the lap.
2. 150 mm (6”) when installed without caulking in the lap.
When hidden metal clips are specified, they must
1. be at fabricated from no less than 26-gauge flat metal stock.
2. be fastened no more than 75 mm (3") from the return (connecting hook).
3. engage the flashing by no less than 12 mm (½").
Sealants must be tooled to positively shed water.

14 [NOT USED]

* the 15-year RoofStar Guarantee is currently under development

SBS Modified Bitumen Membrane Systems

Accepted Materials

© RCABC 2020
No reproduction of these Standards, in whole or in part, is lawful without the expressed permission of the RGC Guarantee Program.

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 <hr>
 <div style="text-align:center">
-© RCABC 2019
+© RCABC 2020
 <br>
 No reproduction of these Standards, in whole or in part, is lawful without the expressed permission of the RGC Guarantee Program.
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 ! style="background-color: orange;" | Editor's note
 |-
-| style="color: black; background-color: #ffffcc; width: 100%;text-align:left" |  The content of this Standard was significantly revised and supplemented in October 2019 and is effect December 1, 2019.  Therefore, the reader should consider all of the content to be new since publication.  Projects bid after November 30, 2019 must conform to the Standards published in this document.
+| style="color: black; background-color: #ffffcc; width: 100%;text-align:left" |  The content of this Standard was significantly revised and supplemented in October 2019 and comes into effect December 1, 2019.  Therefore, the reader should consider all of the content to be new since publication.  Projects bid after November 30, 2019 must conform to the Standards published in this document. Highlighted text within the body of the Standard and its Parts indicates revisions made subsequent to the publishing of these revised Standards in October 2019.
-<br>
-{{hilite |Highlighted text within the body of the online Standard and its Parts indicates revisions made within the last twelve (12) months.|| 2021-February-7 }}
-<br>
 <br>
 Click the icon below for a PDF copy of the current Standards published on this page.  <u>Please note that the PDF highlights only the changes made since the last published revision of these Standards</u>.
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 =GENERAL=
 ==References==
-In this '''Manual''', all references to
+In this ''Manual'', all references
-#the British Columbia Building Code or other standards presume the current edition that is in force.
+<ol>
-#materials are assumed to be Accepted by the RGC, unless stated otherwise.
+<li>to the ''British Columbia Building Code'' or other standards presume the current edition that is in force.
+<li>to materials are assumed to be Accepted by the RGC, unless stated otherwise.
+</li></ol>
 ==Definitions==
-:;''Contractor'' (“contractor”): means the installer of a Project.  For the purpose of issuing a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', ''Contractor'' shall be read to mean a Member of the RCABC.
+In this ''Manual'',
+:;''Assembly'': means a ''System'' in combination with its ''supporting deck'' structure (adapted from ''ASTM D6630-08 Standard Guide for Low slope Insulated Roof membrane Assembly Performance''.
 ;:
-:;''Finished Roof{{hilite |/Waterproofing|| 2021-February-7 }} Assembly'': means the fully constructed ''Roof Assembly'' together with, where installed, any paver, ballast or type of '''Roof Covering''' ('''14.1.1 Definitions'''). See also '''''Roof Assembly''''' and '''''Roof System'''''.
+:;''Contractor'' (“contractor”): means the installer of a ''Project''. For the purpose of issuing a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', ''Contractor'' shall be read to mean a Member of the RCABC.
 ;:
-:;''Guarantor'': means the RGC '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' and may be used interchangeably.
+:;''Design Authority'': means the individual or firm responsible for the issuance of ''Project'' specifications and details to which the ''Project'' will be bid and constructed. When a ''Contractor'' designs a ''Project'', the ''Contractor'' is deemed to be the ''Design Authority''.
 ;:
-:;''Manual'': means the '''''Roofing Practices Manual'''''.
+:;''Eave Protection'': means a self-adhering water-proofing underlayment of a ''Water-shedding System'' that is applied along the eaves to prevent water ingress.  Eave protection materials may also be applied in valleys or along vulnerable plane transitions.
+;:
+:;''Finished {{hilite |Waterproofing/Water-shedding|| 2021-February-7 }} System'': means the top surface of a ''Waterproofing System'' or ''Water-shedding System'' that may include ballast or ''Overburden''.
+;:
+:;''Guarantor'': means the RGC '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' that issues the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' ("''Guarantee''"); the two terms may be used interchangeably.
 ;:
-:;''Project'': means the designed or constructed waterproofing or water-shedding system.
+:;''Linear Metal Flashings'': are flashings cut and shaped from flat metal stock, to redirect water at roof perimeters and edges, and are used in valleys and drainage spillways.
 ;:
-:;''System'': means the organization and securement of various interacting materials (apart from the supporting deck structure), designed and installed to prevent the transmission of water through the system into the conditioned space of a building (adapted from ASTM D6630-08 Standard Guide for Low slope Insulated Roof membrane Assembly Performance).
+:;''Manual'': means the '''''Roofing Practices Manual'''''.
 ;:
-:;''Waterproofing System'': means a membrane or liquid-applied system that, regardless of slope, waterproofs a roof or structure at grade.  These systems are typically installed on slopes less than 1:4 (3” in 12”).
+:;''Project'': means the designed or constructed ''Waterproofing System'' or ''Water-shedding System''.
 ;:
-:;''Water-shedding System'':  means a roof system that, with sufficient slope, sheds water away from a structure but does not necessarily waterproof it.
+:;''System'': means the organization and securement of various interacting materials (apart from the ''supporting deck'' structure), designed and installed to prevent the transmission of water through the ''system'' into the conditioned space of a building (adapted from ''ASTM D6630-08 Standard Guide for Low slope Insulated Roof membrane Assembly Performance'').
 ;:
-:;''Eave Protection'': means a self-adhering membrane applied in parallel courses along the eaves, up the roof slope to a point measured vertically from the inside of the exterior wall, and intended to block the ingress of water that may leak behind shingles or metal roof panels as the result of snow or ice buildup on the roof surface.
+:;''Underlayment'': means a sheet material, either self-adhered or mechanically fastened, which serves as secondary protection beneath the water shedding roof covering of a ''Water-shedding System''.
 ;:
-:;''Linear Metal Flashings'': are flashings cut and shaped from flat metal stock, to redirect water at roof perimeters and edges, and are used in valleys and drainage spillways.
+:;''Waterproofing System'': means a membrane or liquid-applied system that, regardless of slope, waterproofs a roof or structure at grade.  These systems are typically installed on slopes less than 1:4 (3” in 12”).
 ;:
-:;''Underlayment,'': sometimes referred to as Waterproof Shingle Underlayment (WSU), means a roll material that is either self-adhering or mechanically fastened (typically with large head nails), and which
+:;''Water-shedding System'': means a roof system that, with sufficient slope, sheds water away from a structure but does not necessarily waterproof it.
-::#provides a secondary water-shedding surface between the shingles or metal panels and the building interior.
-::#keeps shingles or metal panels from adhering to the underlying substrate.
 ;:
-Refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for further definitions of key terms used in this '''Manual'''.
+Refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for further definitions of key terms used in this ''Manual''.
 ==Design Considerations==
 <ol>
 <li>Asphalt shingles are intended for roof slopes 1:6 and greater.
-<li>When a roof is designed and constructed so that the resulting roof slope is less than 1:6 (as, for example, dead valleys and the roof areas below a dormer), the roof area must be designed as a Waterproofing Roof Assembly.
+<li>When a roof is designed and constructed so that the resulting roof slope is less than 1:6 (as, for example, dead valleys and the roof areas below a dormer), the roof area must be designed as a ''Waterproofing System''.
 <li>When asphalt shingles drain into a membrane gutter, refer to '''12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters'''.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 95: / Line 97: @@
 ===High Snow Conditions===
 <ol>
-<li>In this '''Manual''', a high snow load area is considered a regional area with a Specified Snow Load higher than 3.5 kPa.
+<li>In this ''Manual'', a high snow load area is considered a regional area with a Specified Snow Load higher than 3.5 kPa.
-<li>To determine whether or not a building is located in a high snow load area, the Design Authority must calculate the anticipated snow loads for the roof, using the building code having jurisdiction. The following references are extracted from the ''British Columbia Building Code'':
+<li>To determine whether or not a building is located in a high snow load area, the ''Design Authority'' must calculate the anticipated snow loads for the roof, using the building code having jurisdiction. The following references are extracted from the ''British Columbia Building Code'':
 <ol>
 <li>'''Div. B, 4.1.6.2 Specified Snow Load''' (see the formula for calculating snow loads).
@@ Line 130: / Line 132: @@
 <br>
 See also '''1.4.3 Hot Works: {{hilite | Contractor Requirements || 2021-February-7 }}'''.
+==={{hilite | Variances|| 2021-June-30 }}===
+{{hilite | When a design is unable to conform to the Standard, the ''Design Authority'' may apply to the RGC for a written Variance.  Application must be made in writing (email correspondence is common), and the request must|| 2021-June-30 }}
+<ol>
+<li>{{hilite | identify the ''Project'' name, its civic address and the applicable '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' number (if already initiated)|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | articulate the nature of the design problem|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | cite the RoofStar Guarantee standard reference to which the Variance will apply|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | provide design drawings (and photographs, if available) as supporting information|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+</li></ol>
+{{hilite | We may ask for more information in order to fully consider a request for a Variance and will issue a completed Variance only to the ''Design Authority'' for distribution to the ''Contractor''|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+{{hilite | A Variance may be unrestricted in its scope, or it may include one or more conditions that will affect the design and construction of the ''Water-shedding System'' or ''Waterproofing System'', in order to accommodate the varied Standard.  Occasionally, a Variance may also restrict coverage offered by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+{{hilite | Variances are issued only for the specific issue on the ''Project'' identified in the written request, and do not constitute general permission to depart from the published Standards in this ''Manual'', for any aspect of the same ''Project'' or for future ''Projects'', designed or constructed by any other firm|| 2021-June-30 }}.
 ==Scope==
-The '''Guarantee Standards''', Guiding Principles, Recommendations and Reference Materials in this '''Manual''' pertain to both new roofing construction and replacement roofing, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
+The '''''Guarantee Standards''''', Guiding Principles, Recommendations and Reference Materials in this ''Manual'' pertain to both new roofing construction and replacement roofing, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
 ===New Construction===
@@ Line 142: / Line 158: @@
 <ol>
 <li>Replacement roofing shall be undertaken in the same manner, and to the same standards, as new roofing and must be installed over a bare, clean and suitable deck, free of any other materials (with the exception of existing eave protection membrane; refer below in this subsection), knots, distortions or ridges.  Roofing over existing shingles is not permitted.
-<li>Existing self-adhered eave protection membrane may be left in place, but must be covered with a new layer of RoofStar-accepted membrane, in keeping with the Standards in this Manual.
+<li>Existing self-adhered eave protection membrane may be left in place but must be covered with a new layer of RoofStar-accepted membrane, in keeping with the Standards in this ''Manual''.
 <li>New shingles and existing rainwater gutters must be protected from incidental damage including, without limitation, damage caused by ladders.
 <li>Where a new roof is tied-in to an existing roof, the two areas must be isolated and separated by a curb joint properly constructed a minimum height of 125 mm (5”), attached to the structure and properly flashed.
@@ Line 152: / Line 168: @@
 <li>The Contractor must maintain the requirements of the RCABC Hot Work Program. This includes the following, without limitation:
 <ol>
-<li>'''Insurance Coverage''' – limits carried on the Contractor’s policy must equal or exceed the minimum requirements set by RCABC, and coverage must be unhindered by warranties that limit or exclude coverage when Hot Work is required.
+<li>'''Insurance Coverage''' – limits carried on the ''Contractor’s'' policy must equal or exceed the minimum requirements set by RCABC, and coverage must be unhindered by warranties that limit or exclude coverage when Hot Work is required.
-<li>'''Education and training''' – workers who perform hot work must be trained by the Contractor and kept current with acceptable methods.
+<li>'''Education and training''' – workers who perform hot work must be trained by the ''Contractor'' and kept current with acceptable methods.
 <li>'''British Columbia Fire Code''' – a Fire Safety Plan, preventative methods or alternative work procedures, fire watches, and the use and placement of equipment at the Project site must comply with the BC Fire Code requirements for Hot Work.
-<li>'''Fire Safety Plan''' – the Contractor must assess the hazards to property and persons and produce a written Fire Safety Plan prior to the start of work.  The Fire Safety Plan must be kept on the Project site and must be kept current until the Project is completed.
+<li>'''Fire Safety Plan''' – the ''Contractor'' must assess the hazards to property and persons and produce a written Fire Safety Plan prior to the start of work.  The Fire Safety Plan must be kept on the ''Project'' site and must be kept current until the ''Project'' is completed.
-<li>'''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''' – the Contractor must adhere to the RoofStar Guarantee Standards at each juncture where the interface of different membranes applications constitutes part of the Fire Safety Plan.
+<li>'''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''' – the Contractor must adhere to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' at each juncture where the interface of different membranes applications constitutes part of the Fire Safety Plan.
-<li>'''Fire Watch''' – the Contractor must, as part of the Fire Safety Plan, conduct a fire watch
+<li>'''Fire Watch''' – the ''Contractor'' must, as part of the Fire Safety Plan, conduct a fire watch
 <ol>
 <li>that complies with the ''British Columbia Fire Code''.
@@ Line 163: / Line 179: @@
 <li>documented in a written fire watch log.
 </li></ol>
-<li>'''Hot Work Notification''' – notify the Project authority or the AHJ, as and when required, that Hot Works will be performed.
+<li>'''Hot Work Notification''' – notify the ''Project'' authority or the AHJ, as and when required, that Hot Works will be performed.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
 ==Workmanship==
-While integrity and functionality of a new roof or waterproofed deck is the foundation of a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', it is no less important to ensure that the finished Project exhibits excellent workmanship.  {{hilite | Therefore, the following Standards apply|| 2021-February-7 }}:
+While integrity and functionality of a new roof or waterproofed ''deck'' is the foundation of a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', it is no less important to ensure that the finished ''Project'' exhibits excellent workmanship.  {{hilite | Therefore, the following Standards apply|| 2021-February-7 }}:
 <ol>
-<li>{{hilite | The Contractor must take reasonable measures to protect the Project from damage by the weather, during and at the completion of construction.  Open penetrations and flashings must be temporarily sealed off from the weather, even when other trades are responsible to make a permanent seal or install overlapping materials.  See also '''4.1 General''' || 2021-February-7 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | The ''Contractor'' must take reasonable measures to protect the ''Project'' from damage by the weather, during and at the completion of construction.  Open penetrations and flashings must be temporarily sealed off from the weather, even when other trades are responsible to make a permanent seal or install overlapping materials.  See also '''4.1 General''' || 2021-February-7 }}.
 </li></ol>
+===[NOT USED]===
 ==RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations==
-A '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' is available for almost any roof design, provided it is designed and built to the Standards in this ''Manual''. When a '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee''''' is specified, only Waterproofing (Roof) Systems and Architectural Sheet Metal (ASM) Roof Systems may qualify, and Waterproofing Roofs must be designed and constructed to satisfy both the Standards in this ''Manual'' and the membrane manufacturer’s 20-year Material Warranty; both the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' and the manufacturer Material Warranty will be delivered to the Owner when the Project is complete.  Nevertheless, there are limitations and conditions. They are listed on the Guarantee Certificate, and include (without limitation) the following (as they are applicable to the type of Project):
+A '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' is available for almost any roof design, provided it is designed and built to the Standards in this ''Manual''. When a '''''RoofStar 15-year Guarantee''''' is specified, only Waterproofing (Roof) Systems and Architectural Sheet Metal (ASM) Roof Systems may qualify, and Waterproofing Roofs must be designed and constructed to satisfy both the Standards in this ''Manual'' and the membrane manufacturer’s 20-year Material Warranty; both the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' and the manufacturer Material Warranty will be delivered to the Owner when the Project is complete.  Nevertheless, there are limitations and conditions. They are listed on the ''Guarantee'' Certificate, and include (without limitation) the following (as they are applicable to the type of ''Project''):
 <ol>
-<li>{{hilite | The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' covers leaks resulting from new materials purchased, supplied and installed by the Contractor.  All new materials incorporated into a Project intended to qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee must be expressly Accepted by the RGC and listed in the Roofing Practices Manual.  Accepted Materials include (without limitation)|| 2021-February-7 }}
+<li>{{hilite | The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' covers leaks resulting from new materials purchased, supplied and installed by the ''Contractor''.  All new materials incorporated into a ''Project'' intended to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' must be expressly Accepted by the RGC and listed in the '''''Roofing Practices Manual'''''.  Accepted Materials include (without limitation)|| 2021-February-7 }}
 <ol>
-<li>{{hilite | primary and secondary roof system materials || 2021-February-7 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | ''Primary'' and ''Secondary Materials'' || 2021-February-7 }}.
 <li>{{hilite | penetration flashings and drains || 2021-February-7 }}.
 <li>{{hilite | roof-related linear metal flashings || 2021-February-7 }}.
 </li></ol>
-{{hilite | All materials or products supplied by anyone other than an Associate Member, or which are installed by someone other than the Contractor, will be excluded from coverage under the Guarantee, and may void the Guarantee entirely || 2021-February-7 }}.
+{{hilite | All materials or products supplied by anyone other than an Associate Member, or which are installed by someone other than the ''Contractor'', will be excluded from coverage under the ''Guarantee'', and may void the ''Guarantee'' entirely || 2021-February-7 }}.
-<li>Notwithstanding the definition of a Waterproofing or Water-shedding System, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' does not cover the quality, installation or performance of the supporting deck structure.
+<li>Notwithstanding the definition of a ''Waterproofing'' or ''Water-shedding System'', the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' does not cover the quality, installation or performance of the ''supporting deck''.
-<li>The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' (subject to the limitations described herein or stated on the Guarantee Certificate) is a guarantee against leaks only, caused only by a failure of {{hilite | new materials installed by the Contractor, or resulting from the Contractor 's installation of new materials.
+<li>The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' (subject to the limitations described herein or stated on the ''Guarantee'' certificate) is a guarantee against leaks only, caused only by a failure of {{hilite | new materials installed by the ''Contractor'', or resulting from the ''Contractor 's'' installation of new materials.
 <br><br>
-The term "new materials" includes primary and secondary roofing materials, linear metal flashings, and both penetration flashings and roof drains that have been expressly accepted for use on a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Only materials listed in the '''''Roofing Practices Manual''''' in the Accepted Materials Division of this Manual qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
+The term "new materials" includes ''Primary'' and ''Secondary Materials'', ''linear metal flashings'', and both penetration flashings and roof drains that have been expressly accepted for use on a ''Project'' designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Only materials listed in the Accepted Materials Division of the '''''Roofing Practices Manual''''' qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
 <br><br>
-The re-use of any existing material on a Project may void the Guarantee || 2021-February-7 }}.
+The re-use of any existing material on a ''Project'' may void the Guarantee || 2021-February-7 }}.
 <li>Notwithstanding any of the Guarantee requirements in this '''Manual''', a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' <u>will not cover</u>
 <ol>
@@ Line 196: / Line 214: @@
 <li>overloading.
 <li>water entry from other building components (walls, skylights, etc.).
-<li>the failure of a drain or flashing supplied or installed by anyone other than the Contractor.
+<li>the failure of a drain or flashing supplied or installed by anyone other than the ''Contractor''.
-<li>neglected maintenance of the Project.
+<li>neglected maintenance of the ''Project''.
 <li>building air leakage.
-<li>modifications to the Project made by anyone other than the Contractor.
+<li>modifications to the ''Project'' made by anyone other than the ''Contractor''.
 <li>changes in building use or occupancy.
 </li></ol>
 <li>drain leaders, which are not considered part of the roof system.
 <li>the costs to remove and reinstall irrigation or other services (including, without limitation, electrical and gas services).
-<li>replacement (new for old) of any Overburden.
+<li>replacement (new for old) of any ''Overburden''.
 <li>damage or leaks caused by the roots of invasive plant species (for example, certain varieties of bamboo or willow), regardless of measures taken to protect the membrane.
 <li>a sacrificial third ply or a coating, used as a walkway or warning zone, as it is not considered part of the roof system.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Overburdens may be installed on conventionally insulated or Protected (“inverted”) roofs, but not all designs are suitable for any type, size or depth of Overburden (see '''14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM'''). <span class="recommended">The RGC recommends that a roof supporting overburden be designed and constructed as a Protected Membrane Roof Assembly</span>. The RoofStar Guarantee may be void if a roof is designed and constructed with overburden that exceeds the capabilities of a conventional roof assembly.
+<li>''Overburdens'' may be installed on  a ''Conventionally Insulated Waterproofing System'' or ''Protected (“inverted”) Membrane Roof Assembly'', but not all designs are suitable for any type, size or depth of ''Overburden'' (see '''Part 14 THE ROOF as a PLATFORM'''). <span class="recommended">The RGC recommends that a roof supporting overburden be designed and constructed as a ''Protected Membrane Roof Assembly''</span>. The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' may be void if a roof is designed and constructed with ''Overburden'' that exceeds the capabilities of a ''Conventionally Insulated Waterproofing System''.
-<li>Only a fully adhered membrane may be used in a ''Protected'' (PMRA, or “inverted”) Waterproofing Project.
+<li>Only a fully adhered membrane may be used in a ''Protected (“inverted”) Membrane Roof Assembly''.
-<li>'''Integrity Scans''': An Integrity Scan, performed by an RGC-recognized service provider to ensure the waterproofing is leak and damage-free, is required on all Waterproofing roof and grade-level Projects when overburden, amenities or equipment are or will be installed on the completed Waterproofing Assembly by
+<li>'''An Integrity Scan'''
 <ol>
-<li>anyone other than the Contractor.
+<li>must be performed by an RGC-recognized service provider.
-<li>the Contractor, when the overburden, amenities or equipment exceed 150 mm (6”) in depth.
+<li>is required on all ''Waterproofing Systems'', to ensure the waterproofing is leak and damage-free, when ''Overburdens'', amenities or equipment are or will be installed on the completed ''Waterproofing System'' by
+<ol>
+<li>anyone other than the ''Contractor''.
+<li>the ''Contractor'' but only when the ''Overburdens'', amenities or equipment exceed 150 mm (6”) in depth.
+</li></ol>
+<li>is <u>not required</u> when the Contractor installs overburden, amenities or equipment equal to or less than 150 mm (6”) in depth.
 </li></ol>
 <br>
-::An Integrity Scan is <u>not required</u> when the Contractor installs overburden, amenities or equipment equal to or less than 150 mm (6”) in depth.
+:See '''Figure 1.1''' for further reference.
-::See '''Figure 1.1''' for further reference.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Figure 1.1
@@ Line 223: / Line 245: @@
 | [[File:Figure 1.1.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/images/c/cf/Figure_1.1.jpg | 800 px]]
 |}
-<li>'''Electronic Leak Detection''' is mandatory for Grade-level Waterproofing Projects, but optional for Waterproofing roofs.
+<li>'''Electronic Leak Detection''' is mandatory for grade-level ''Waterproofing Systems'', but optional for ''Waterproofing Systems'' on roofs.
 <li>'''Pre-curbs and Concrete Features''':
 <ol>
-<li>When concrete walls or structures are constructed without a pre-curb, all concrete surfaces must be fully and continuously enveloped with the primary roof membrane.
+<li>When concrete ''walls'' or structures are constructed without a pre-curb, all concrete surfaces must be fully and continuously enveloped with the primary roof membrane.
-<li>While the application of non‐penetrating bonded tiling or other architectural finishes to the waterproofing membrane is acceptable for a RoofStar Guarantee, and is subject to approval by the membrane manufacturer, the removal, reinstallation or replacement of any bonded finish, in order to investigate and repair leaks under the terms of the Guarantee, is the responsibility of others.
+<li>While the application of non‐penetrating bonded tiling or other architectural finishes to the waterproofing membrane is acceptable for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', and is subject to approval by the membrane manufacturer, the removal, reinstallation or replacement of any bonded finish, in order to investigate and repair leaks under the terms of the ''Guarantee'', is the responsibility of others.
 </li></ol>
 <li>'''Modifications during the Guarantee Term''':
 <ol>
-<li>RGC must be notified in writing of any modifications or repairs to the RoofStar-guaranteed Project.
+<li>RGC must be notified in writing of any modifications or repairs to the RoofStar-guaranteed ''Project''.
-<li>The Owner must ensure that any modification or repair work done on the Project during the guarantee period is performed to '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' by a roofing contractor, and is inspected by a RoofStar-accepted observation firm.
+<li>The Owner must ensure that any modification or repair work done on the ''Project'' during the guarantee period is performed to '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' by a ''Contractor'', and is inspected by a RoofStar-accepted observation firm.
 </li></ol>
-<li>'''Maintenance''': the building Owner must ensure that the Project and its components are properly maintained. Debris in drains, caulking on or around metal flashings, and wind scouring of gravel are considered maintenance issues.
+<li>'''Maintenance''': the building Owner must ensure that the ''Project'' and its components are properly maintained. Debris in drains, caulking on or around metal flashings, and wind scouring of gravel are considered maintenance issues.
-<li>'''Removal and Reinstallation of Overburdens''': in order to investigate and repair a leak, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' must be allowed to remove Overburdens, to expose the membrane. The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' pays for the removal and reinstallation of <u>accessible overburdens only</u>, when they are installed by the Contractor, regardless of the Project design. The cost to remove, care for and reinstall any Overburden that exceeds these limits or conditions, which is inaccessible, or which was supplied or installed by others, will be borne by the Owner.
+<li>'''Removal and Reinstallation of Overburdens''': in order to investigate and repair a leak, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' must be allowed to remove ''Overburdens'', to expose the membrane. The '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' pays for the removal and reinstallation of <u>accessible ''Overburdens'' only</u>, when they are installed by the ''Contractor'', regardless of the ''Project'' design. The cost to remove, care for and reinstall any ''Overburden'' that exceeds these limits or conditions, which is ''inaccessible'', or which was supplied or installed by others, will be borne by the Owner.
 <ol>
 <li>'''Maximum coverage area''': limited to one physically defined Project area (no maximum size)
@@ Line 252: / Line 274: @@
 =SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and Walls=
 ==General==
-===Design===
+==={{hilite | Definitions|| 2021-June-30 }}===
+{{hilite |Refer to the|| 2021-June-30 }} [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] {{hilite |for further definitions of key terms used in this ''Manual''|| 2021-June-18 }}.
+:;{{hilite | Supporting deck ("deck")|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means the "structural surface to which the roofing or waterproofing system (including insulation) is applied" (''ASTM D1079-18 Standard Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing'')|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+:;{{hilite | Deck overlay|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a panel material secured to the supporting deck in order to render the deck surface continuous or suitable for the installation of roofing materials|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+:;{{hilite | Wall|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a structural or non-structural element in a building that vertically separates space.  ''Walls'' may separate the outside environment from the interior conditioned space of a building, or they may separate one or more interior spaces from each other (adapted from ''ASTM E631-15 Standard Terminology of Building Constructions'')|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+:;{{hilite | Wall overlay|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a panel material secured to the surface of a ''Wall'', to render it suitable for the installation of roofing or wall cladding materials|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+==={{hilite | Design || 2021-June-30 }}===
 <ol>
-<li>The British Columbia Building Code, or the building code having jurisdiction, prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published in this '''Manual'''.
+<li>The ''British Columbia Building Code'', or the building code having jurisdiction, prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published in this ''Manual''.
-<li>Notwithstanding the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published in this '''Manual''', the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' does not extend coverage to the supporting roof deck or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority'' and the building contractor.
+<li>Notwithstanding the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published in this ''Manual'', the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' does not extend coverage to the ''Supporting Deck'' or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority'' and the building contractor.
-<li>Prior to the application of the roof system, the supporting deck structure (roof deck) and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free of
+<li>Prior to the application of the roof system, the ''Supporting Deck'' and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free off
 <ol>
 <li>moisture.
@@ Line 294: / Line 323: @@
 ===General===
 <ol>
-<li>All supporting decks must provide a suitable nailing substrate for asphalt shingles, and be acceptable to the shingle manufacturer.  Suitability includes, without limitation,
+<li>All ''supporting decks'' must provide a suitable nailing substrate for asphalt shingles, and be acceptable to the shingle manufacturer.  Suitability includes, without limitation,
 <ol>
 <li>sufficient thickness for fastener holding.
-<li>stiffness that minimizes deck deflection.
+<li>stiffness that minimizes ''deck'' deflection.
 </li></ol>
-<li>The British Columbia Building Code, or the building code having jurisdiction, prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the RoofStar Guarantee Standards published in this Manual.
+<li>The ''British Columbia Building Code'', or the building code having jurisdiction, prevails in all cases except where it is exceeded by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published in this ''Manual''.
-<li>Notwithstanding the RoofStar Guarantee Standards published in this Manual, the RoofStar Guarantee does not extend coverage to the supporting roof deck or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the Design Authority and the building contractor.
+<li>Notwithstanding the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' published in this ''Manual'', the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' does not extend coverage to the ''Supporting Deck'' or to its securement, which is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority'' and the building contractor.
-<li>Prior to the application of the roof system, the supporting deck structure (roof deck) and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free of
+<li>Prior to the application of the roof system, the ''supporting deck'' and other surfaces receiving membranes must be smooth, straight, clean and free of
 <ol>
 <li>moisture.
@@ Line 313: / Line 342: @@
 <br>
 If surface drying is required prior to roofing, use blown air to facilitate this.
-<li><span class="principles">Walls, parapets, curbs, blocking and penetrations should be constructed or placed prior to the commencement of roofing work. This work is provided by other trades</span>.
+<li><span class="principles">''Walls'', parapets, curbs, blocking and penetrations should be constructed or placed prior to the commencement of roofing work. This work is provided by other trades</span>.
-<li><span class="principles">The supporting deck structure should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating roof system component movement</span>.
+<li><span class="principles">The ''supporting deck'' should be dimensionally stable and capable of accommodating roof system component movement</span>.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 320: / Line 349: @@
 ====All Projects====
 <ol>
-<li>Wood decks shall be constructed of plywood that is
+<li>Wood ''decks'' shall be constructed of plywood that is
 <ol>
 <li>at least 12.7 mm (½") thick.
@@ Line 326: / Line 355: @@
 </li></ol>
 <li>All plywood decking (sheathing) must be securely fastened to structural supports with ring-shanked nails having a shank at least 3 mm thick and a head at least 9.5 mm in diameter.  Fasteners must penetrate structural material at least 19 mm (3/4”).
-<li>Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and other non-veneered panels are acceptable deck materials, but the Design Authority is responsible to determine the grade and thickness in order to meet the required pull-out resistance for the expected fasteners.
+<li>Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and other non-veneered panels are acceptable ''deck'' materials, but the ''Design Authority'' is responsible to determine the grade and thickness in order to meet the required pull-out resistance for the expected fasteners.
-<li>Shiplap and dimensional lumber are not acceptable deck materials.
+<li>Shiplap and dimensional lumber are not acceptable ''deck'' materials.
-<li>Knotholes and cracks in decks shall be considered defects and must be covered with sheet metal nailed in place.
+<li>Knotholes and cracks in ''decks'' shall be considered defects and must be covered with sheet metal nailed in place.
 </li></ol>
 ====Replacement Roofing====
 <ol>
-<li>Plywood used as an overlay on existing roof decks must be at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick and must conform to CSA 0151-04, Canadian Softwood Plywood, Grade C or better; or CSA 0121-M 1978 (R2003) Douglas Fir Plywood, Grade C or better.
+<li>Plywood used as an overlay on existing roof ''decks'' must be at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick and must conform to ''CSA 0151-04, Canadian Softwood Plywood'', Grade C or better; or ''CSA 0121-M 1978 (R2003)'' Douglas Fir Plywood, Grade C or better.
-<li>When an existing roof deck is
+<li>When an existing roof ''deck'' is
 <ol>
 <li>less than 12.7 mm (1/2”) thick, or is constructed of shiplap or dimensional lumber, it must be overlaid with new plywood that
@@ Line 341: / Line 370: @@
 <li>provides sufficient material depth for fastener penetration.
 </li></ol>
-<li>constructed with damaged or excessively cupped shiplap or dimensional lumber (excessive cupping is considered 25 mm (1”) or more when measured against the mid-span deflection of the deck), the damaged or distorted material must be removed and replaced with new material.
+<li>constructed with damaged or excessively cupped shiplap or dimensional lumber (excessive cupping is considered 25 mm (1”) or more when measured against the mid-span deflection of the ''deck''), the damaged or distorted material must be removed and replaced with new material.
 </li></ol>
 <br>
-See also '''5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS'''.
+See also '''Part 5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS'''.
-<li>When cedar or tiles, supported by spaced strapping or board decks (plank, mill, or shiplap), are replaced with asphalt shingles,
+<li>When cedar or tiles, supported by spaced strapping or board ''decks'' (plank, mill, or shiplap), are replaced with asphalt shingles,
 <ol>
-<li>the existing strapping or decking must be overlaid with plywood
+<li>the existing strapping or ''decking'' must be overlaid with plywood
 <ol>
-<li>conforming to the Standards in this Manual.
+<li>conforming to the Standards in this ''Manual''.
 <li>oriented either horizontally or vertically, unless otherwise required by the AHJ.
 <li>staggered at least 400 mm (16”), or in conformity with truss or rafter spacing.
@@ Line 355: / Line 384: @@
 <li>supported fully by the strapping along the long edges of the plywood.
 </li></ol>
-<li>plywood deck overlays must be secured in keeping with the BCBC (Div. B, 9.23), but in any event shall not be less than 23 fasteners
+<li>plywood deck overlays must be secured in keeping with the ''British Columbia Building Code, Division B, 9.23''), but in any event shall not be less than 23 fasteners
 <ol>
 <li>spaced no more than 150 mm (6”) O.C. along the edge.
 <li>spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C. in the field.
 </li></ol>
+<li>clearance to all "hot" pipes must conform to the requirements set out in the ''British Columbia Building Code''.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 365: / Line 395: @@
 ====Steel Decks====
 <ol>
-<li>Steel decks are not suitable for asphalt shingle application and therefore must be overlaid with a sub-deck that permits ventilation below the sub-deck.  Sub-deck sheathing must meet the minimum requirements for wood decks (See '''2.2.1 Wood Decks''').
+<li>Steel ''decks'' are not suitable for asphalt shingle application and therefore must be overlaid with a sub-deck that permits ventilation below the sub-deck.  Sub-deck sheathing must meet the minimum requirements for wood ''decks'' (See '''2.2.1 Wood Decks''').
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 373: / Line 403: @@
 ==Walls==
+==={{hilite | General|| 2021-June-30 }}===
+<ol>
+<li>{{hilite | ''Wall'' surfaces must be clean, dry and smooth, suitable for the application of roof system materials.  When the ''wall'' surface is unsuitable to receive waterproofing materials, it must be resurfaced with an RoofStar-accepted ''wall'' overlay.  See '''Part 5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS''' for material and application standards|| 2021-June-18 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | ''Sheathing'', defined as a rigid panel material secured directly onto framing, is considered a ''wall'' surface for the purpose of this Standard|| 2021-June-18 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | ''Wall'' surfaces receiving waterproofing materials must extend vertically beyond the maximum height of waterproofing materials but in any event must be installed at least 200 mm (8”) high, above the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding Assembly''. For suitable ''wall'' surface materials, see '''2.6.2''' below|| 2021-June-18 }}.
+<li><span class="reference">''Walls'' and roofs commonly intersect in two ways:</span>
+<ol>
+<li><span class="reference">Directly, where the ''wall'' structurally connects to the roof structure, so that both move together</span>.
+<li><span class="reference">Indirectly, where the roof structure and the ''wall'' structure are independent of each other, so that the movement of one does not affect the other</span>.  These locations require an expansion joint.
+</li></ol>
+<li>The ''Design Authority'' must ensure a continuous connection between the roof system from field to perimeter, in order to control or inhibit the movement of water, air and vapour.
+<li>{{hilite | Wood or steel-stud ''walls'' must be sheathed with a material suitable for securing metal flashings|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | For concrete ''walls'', refer to '''2.2.3 Concrete''' above|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+</li></ol>
+==={{hilite | Materials|| 2021-June-30 }}===
+<ol>
+<li>{{hilite | Concrete surfaces must comply with the requirements set out in '''2.1.3'''.  When concrete surfaces do not comply, concrete ''walls'' may be sheathed with any one of the following|| 2021-June-30 }}:
+<ol>
+<li>{{hilite | 15.9 mm (5/8”) thick treated plywood|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜")|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+</li></ol>
+<li>{{hilite | Both materials must also conform to ''ASTM C1325-04''|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | For framed ''walls'', the following ''sheathing'' material are acceptable|| 2021-June-30 }}:
+<ol>
+<li>{{hilite | Moisture-resistant gypsum core boards specifically designed to receive roof membranes; boards must have a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”). These panel may be installed horizontally or vertically|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | Fibre-mat reinforced cement boards with a minimum thickness of 9.5 mm (⅜")|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | Plywood with a minimum thickness of 12 mm (1/2”)|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+</li></ol>
+</li></ol>
 ==Electrical Cables and Boxes==
-<span class="reference">Electrical cables (including conduit) or boxes installed inside, on top of, or beneath a roof assembly expose roofing workers to electrical shock, {{hilite | and may inhibit the installation of some roof systems designed to resist wind uplift.  Furthermore, electrical cables on, in or under the roof assembly || 2021-February-7 }} expose the building and the public to both shock and fire.  Hidden electrical wiring and boxed junctions can be extremely difficult to document before work begins, and while some technologies are purportedly accurate in identifying energized circuits before they are damaged, false readings make these technologies less than reliable.  During replacement roofing, avoiding damage to electrical circuits from cutters and fasteners is sometimes next to impossible.  It is therefore desirable to design buildings with realistic separations between electrical wiring and boxes, and roof assemblies</span>.
+<span class="reference">Electrical cables (including conduit) or boxes installed inside, on top of, or beneath a roof assembly{{hilite | may|| 2021-June-30 }}expose roofing workers to electrical shock, {{hilite | and may inhibit the installation of some roof systems designed to resist wind uplift.  Furthermore, electrical cables on, in or under the roof assembly || 2021-February-7 }} expose the building and the public to both shock and fire.  Hidden electrical wiring and boxed junctions can be extremely difficult to document before work begins, and while some technologies are purportedly accurate in identifying energized circuits before they are damaged, false readings make these technologies less than reliable.  During replacement roofing, avoiding damage to electrical circuits from cutters and fasteners is sometimes next to impossible.  It is therefore desirable to design buildings with realistic separations between electrical wiring and boxes, and roof assemblies</span>.
-<span class="reference">For more about this topic, see the reprinted Safety Bulletin issued by the BC Safety Authority, republished in the November 10, 2015</span> [http://www.rcabc.org/technical/technical-updates/ '''Technical Update'''].
+<span class="reference">For more about this topic, see the reprinted Safety Bulletin issued by the '''BC Safety Authority''', republished in the November 10, 2015</span> [http://www.rcabc.org/technical/technical-updates/ '''Technical Update'''].
-<span class="reference">Currently, neither the ''Canadian Electrical Code, Part I'' nor the ''British Columbia Electrical Code'' explicitly prohibit, nor explicitly permit, the installation electrical cables and boxes anywhere in close proximity to a roof assembly</span>.  <span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' therefore has the latitude to write restrictions concerning the location of electrical installations, and consequently eliminate shock and fire hazards.  To do so, apply the following standards when preparing ''Project'' specifications to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''</span>.
+<span class="reference">Currently, neither the ''Canadian Electrical Code, Part I'' nor the ''British Columbia Electrical Code'' explicitly prohibit, nor explicitly permit, the installation electrical cables and boxes anywhere in close proximity to a roof assembly</span>.  <span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' therefore has the latitude to write restrictions concerning the location of electrical installations, and consequently eliminate shock and fire hazards.  To do so, apply the following standards when preparing ''Project'' specifications to qualify for a</span> '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
 ===New Construction===
 #Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed within a roof assembly {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-1''') || 2021-February-7 }}.
 #Electrical cables, raceways or boxes shall not be installed on the underside of a roof assembly, unless
-##the supporting deck structure equals or exceeds 76 mm (3”) in thickness {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-2''') || 2021-February-7 }}, or
+##the ''supporting deck'' equals or exceeds 76 mm (3”) in thickness {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-2''') || 2021-February-7 }}, or
 ##the cables, raceways or boxes are installed and supported so there is a separation of not less than 38 mm measured between the underside of the roof assembly and the electrical installation {{hilite | ('''Figure 2.7.1-3''') || 2021-February-7 }}.
 #Notwithstanding either (1) and (2), cables or raceways shall be permitted to pass through a roof assembly for connection to electrical equipment installed on the roof, provided that the passage through the roof is a part of the roof assembly design.
@@ Line 421: / Line 481: @@
 ===Replacement Roofing===
-#If existing electrical cables or boxes do not conform to the standards in '''2.7.1 New Construction''', the ''Design Authority'' must consider the attachment of the roof system above the electrical system, and the requirements set out in '''3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY'''.
+#If existing electrical cables or boxes do not conform to the standards in '''2.7.1 New Construction''', the ''Design Authority'' must consider the attachment of the roof system above the electrical system, and the requirements set out in '''Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY'''.
 #<span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' should</span>
 ##<span class="principles">specify protection of existing electrical cables and boxes (a 5 mm (3/16”) steel plate may be used to minimize the possibility of fastener penetration and cutter damage), {{hilite | but it should be understood that protection plates may interfere with mechanical fasteners used to secure the roof system against wind uplift, even for future replacement roofing)|| 2021-February-7 }}.</span>
@@ Line 433: / Line 493: @@
 ===Design and Testing===
 <ol>
-<li>Shingles shall be installed to resist wind, in conformity with CSA A123.51, or as specified by the shingle manufacturer, whichever requirement is greater.
+<li>Asphalt shingles shall be installed to resist wind, in conformity with ''CSA A123.51 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper'', or as specified by the shingle manufacturer, whichever requirement is greater.
 </li></ol>
 ==Materials==
 ===Fasteners and Adhesives===
-The following minimum standards apply to any roof assembly, regardless of requirements published elsewhere.
+The following minimum standards apply to any ''roof assembly'', regardless of requirements published elsewhere.
 <ol>
-<li>Fasteners and adhesives must be capable of securing the roof assembly components to resist uplifting wind loads.
+<li>Fasteners and adhesives must be capable of securing the ''roof assembly'' components to resist uplifting wind loads.
 <li><span class="principles">The ''Design Authority'' should should specify the correct type of fastener, keeping in mind</span>
 <ol>
@@ Line 448: / Line 508: @@
 <li>Nails (gunnable or hand-driven) for field and hip and ridge shingles must be
 <ol>
-<li>manufactured in conformity to CSA B111.
+<li>manufactured in conformity to ''CSA B111''.
 <li>corrosion resistant (hot-dipped or stainless steel).
 <li>at least 2 mm (12 Ga.) thick in the shank, with large 9.5 mm (3/8”) heads.
-<li>of sufficient length to penetrate through, or at least 19 mm (3/4”) into, the roof deck (sheathing).
+<li>of sufficient length to penetrate through, or at least 19 mm (3/4”) into, the roof ''deck'' (sheathing).
 </li></ol>
 <li>Staples may not be used to secure asphalt shingles.
@@ Line 460: / Line 520: @@
 <li>compatible with, and corresponding in colour to, metal flashing material.
 </li></ol>
-<li>When the roof system incorporates an insulation assembly on the exterior side of the supporting deck structure, self-drilling screws with recessed heads must be used in combination with plates as follows:
+<li>When the ''roof system'' incorporates an insulation assembly on the exterior side of the ''supporting deck'', self-drilling screws with recessed heads must be used in combination with plates as follows:
 <br>
 {|  class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 20pt; margin-right: auto;border-color:#E7E9E9;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"
@@ Line 477: / Line 537: @@
 |}
 <li>For adhered and partially adhered assemblies, adhesives must be acceptable to the manufacturers of the roof assembly components.
-<li>Bitumen is not typically used as an adhesive for insulation and other components on water-shedding roofs, but if it is specified, it must be Type 3 or SEBS.  Pay attention to the slope limitations specified by the manufacturer of the product.
+<li>Bitumen is not typically used as an adhesive for insulation and other components on ''Water-shedding Systems'', but if it is specified, it must be Type 3 or SEBS.  Pay attention to the slope limitations specified by the manufacturer of the product.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 484: / Line 544: @@
 <li>Mechanically fastened underlayments must be installed with fasteners approved by the product manufacturer.
 <li>All asphalt shingles must be nailed within the shingle manufacturer’s designated fastening zone or line. Nailing outside of the fastening zone or line is not permitted.  See also '''9.3.1 General''' for asphalt shingle securement requirements.
-<li>Nail penetration into or through the deck must be at least 19 mm (¾”) when measured from the top face of the deck.
+<li>Nail penetration into or through the ''deck'' must be at least 19 mm (¾”) when measured from the top face of the ''deck''.
-<li>Only nails driven perpendicular to the shingle and supporting deck surface shall be deemed acceptable.
+<li>Only nails driven perpendicular to the shingle and ''supporting deck'' surface shall be deemed acceptable.
 <li>Nails must be driven
 <ol>
-<li>perpendicular to the surface of the deck, and must not be under-driven, over-driven or crookedly driven.
+<li>perpendicular to the surface of the ''deck'', and must not be under-driven, over-driven or crookedly driven.
-<li>into or through the deck at least 19 mm (¾”) when measured from the top face of the deck.
+<li>into or through the deck at least 19 mm (¾”) when measured from the top face of the ''deck''.
 </li></ol>
 <br>
@@ Line 500: / Line 560: @@
 <li>When threaded fasteners are used to secure another material to a substrate, mechanical fasteners must penetrate
 <ol>
-<li>steel decks at least 20 mm (3/4") – <span class="principles">fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only</span>.
+<li>steel ''decks'' at least 20 mm (3/4") – <span class="principles">fasteners should penetrate the top flutes only</span>.
 <li>into solid dimensional lumber by at least 25 mm (1").
 <li>through plywood sheathing by at least 19 mm (3/4”).
@@ Line 506: / Line 566: @@
 <br>
 These Standards may be exceeded by the fastener manufacturer’s published requirements.
-<li>On '''Low Slopes''' and '''Common Slopes''' (up to 1:1 (12" in 12")), at least four (4) nails for each full shingle shall be used.
+<li>On ''Low Slopes'' and ''Common Slopes'' (up to 1:1 (12" in 12")), at least four (4) nails for each full shingle shall be used.
-<li>On '''Steep Slopes''' (1:1 (12" in 12") up to and including 21:12), at least 6 nails for each full shingle shall be used.
+<li>On ''Steep Slopes'' (1:1 (12" in 12") up to and including 21:12), at least 6 nails for each full shingle shall be used.
-<li>Notwithstanding any nailing patterns specifically accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', shingles installed on '''Extreme Slopes''' (slopes greater than 21:12) shall be
+<li>Notwithstanding any nailing patterns specifically accepted by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', shingles installed on ''Extreme Slopes'' (slopes greater than 21:12) shall be
 <ol>
 <li>fastened with at least 6 nails per full shingle shall be used, consisting of 1 nail at each end of the shingle and double nails at each third point.
@@ Line 526: / Line 586: @@
 <hr>
 <div id="AShMATERIALS"></div>
 =MATERIALS=
+NOTE: Click [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Materials_by_Product_Type '''here'''] to view all the Materials accepted for use in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''.
+==Definitions==
+{{hilite | Refer to the|| 2021-June-30 }} [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] {{hilite | for further definitions of key terms used in this '''Manual'''|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+:;{{hilite | ''Primary Material''|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means a roofing, waterproofing or water-shedding material which is directly exposed to the weather and which is primarily responsible for protecting secondary materials, and the building interior, from water and weather generally. Membranes, metal panels or shingles form the core of this material category|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+:;{{hilite | ''Secondary Material''|| 2021-June-30 }}: {{hilite | means one which forms part of a ''Waterproofing'' or ''Water-shedding System'' and which may affect the wind resistance characteristics of the entire assembly but is not necessarily exposed to the weather|| 2021-June-30 }}.
 ==General==
 <ol>
-<li>All roofing components installed by the contractor must be
+<li>All roofing components installed by the ''Contractor'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>new
@@ Line 538: / Line 605: @@
 A list of all ''Accepted Materials'' is published in this '''Manual''' (see link above).
-{{hilite | Also see '''1.6 (2) RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations''' for restrictions and limitations on any roofing material, linear metal flashing, penetration flashing or drain used on a Project qualifying for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''|| 2021-February-7 }}.
+{{hilite | Also see '''1.6 (2) RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations''' for restrictions and limitations on any roofing material, ''linear metal flashing'', penetration flashing or drain used on a ''Project'' qualifying for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''|| 2021-February-7 }}.
 <li>All materials must be protected from weather, properly stacked and secured above ground or the roof surface and covered by wrappers approved or recommended by the manufacturer.
 <li>All installed roofing materials that are susceptible to moisture damage must be made watertight by the end of each work day.
 <li>Metals and fasteners must be compatible with each other, to avoid galvanic corrosion which can occur when dissimilar metals come in contact with each other.
-<li>Notwithstanding the foregoing, asphalt shingles must conform to ''CSA A123.5''.
+<li>Notwithstanding the foregoing, asphalt shingles must conform to ''CSA A123.5 Asphalt shingles made from glass felt and surfaced with mineral granules''.
-<li>Roofing Cement must be asphalt-base conforming to ''CGSB 37-GP-5Ma''.
+<li>Roofing cement must be asphalt-base conforming to ''CGSB 37-GP-5Ma''.
 <li>Lap cement must conform to ''CGSB 37-GP 4M''.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 553: / Line 620: @@
 =DECK and WALL OVERLAYS=
 ==General==
-===Design===
+==={{hilite | Definitions|| 2021-June-30 }}===
+{{hilite |Refer to the|| 2021-June-30 }} [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] {{hilite |for further definitions of key terms used in this ''Manual''.  See also '''2.1.1 Definitions'''.|| 2021-June-18 }}.
+==={{hilite | Design|| 2021-June-18 }}===
 <ol>
-<li><span class="reference">A roof deck overlay is installed as part of the Roof Assembly, on the top surface of the roof deck but beneath the roofing materials. On roofs covered with asphalt shingles, the most common deck overlay is plywood, installed to provide a suitable nailable surface for shingles; it often is installed over decks that are rough, uneven or gapped. Roof deck overlay materials may also be applied to other types of supporting deck structures, depending on the roof design criteria</span>.
+<li>When a ''supporting deck'' structure or ''wall'' is unsuitable for the application of roofing materials, it must be covered with a RoofStar-accepted overlay. See '''2.1''' ('''3''') for supporting ''deck'' and ''wall'' surface requirements.
-<li><span class="reference">Wall overlays are less common on Projects using asphalt shingles, but may be required to provide a suitable surface for self-adhering membrane flashing</span>.
+<li><span class="reference">{{hilite | A roof ''deck overlay'' is installed as part of the ''Roof Assembly'', on the top surface of the roof ''deck'' but beneath the roofing materials. These products are commonly affixed to steel decks to provide a level surface for the roof membrane or air or vapour control layers, or to serve as a thermal barrier between the roof deck and combustible insulation.  Roof ''deck overlay'' materials may also be applied to other types of supporting deck structures, depending on the roof design criteria|| 2021-June-30 }}</span>.
-<li><span class="reference">For roof assemblies designed above a vaulted conditioned space, see also</span> '''6.1.3.2 Ventilation'''.
+<li><span class="reference">{{hilite | Wall overlays are less common on ''Water-shedding Systems'' but may be required to provide a suitable surface for self-adhering membrane flashing</span>|| 2021-June-30 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | For roof assemblies designed above a vaulted conditioned space, see also '''6.1.3.2 Attic Ventilation'''|| 2021-June-30 }}.
 </li></ol>
 ==Materials==
 <ol>
-<li>Deck and wall overlays must be suitable for, and compatible with, any membrane or panel application.  Plywood, measuring at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) in thickness, is acceptable as a deck or wall overlay.
+<li>''Deck overlays'' and ''wall overlays'' must be suitable for, and compatible with, any membrane or panel application.  Plywood, measuring at least 12.7 mm (1/2”) in thickness, is acceptable as a ''deck overlay'' or ''wall overlay''.
-<li>Walls that require resurfacing for membrane application must be covered with an accepted wall overlay.  See Accepted [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/Wall_Overlays '''Wall Overlays'''].
+<li>When the Building Code having jurisdiction requires a thermal barrier, an accepted ''deck overlay'' must be specified and installed.
+<li>Walls that require resurfacing for membrane application must be covered with an accepted ''wall overlay''.  See Accepted [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/Wall_Overlays '''Wall Overlays'''].  See also [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/Roof_Deck_Overlays '''Accepted Deck Overlays'''].
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 569: / Line 640: @@
 ===General===
 <ol>
-<li>Deck overlays must be
+<li>''Deck overlays'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>of sufficient thickness to allow full penetration of shingle fasteners.
-<li>installed over any deck that is not suitable as a substrate for asphalt shingles (see '''2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and''' Walls).
+<li>installed over any ''deck'' that is not suitable as a substrate for asphalt shingles (see '''2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and''' Walls).
 <li>installed in a staggered pattern (offset) at least 300 mm (12") from adjacent board rows. A minus offset tolerance of 50 mm (2") maximum will be permitted to compensate for variance in the manufacturer's tolerance of differing board widths and lengths.
-<li>independently fastened to the supporting deck.
+<li>independently fastened to the ''supporting deck''.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Wall overlays
+<li>''Wall overlays''
 <ol>
 <li>must be applied to existing sheathing where sheathing is not an acceptable substrate.
@@ Line 585: / Line 656: @@
 ===Steel Decks===
 <ol>
-<li>Steel decks are not suitable for asphalt shingle application and therefore must be overlaid with a sub-deck that permits ventilation below the sub-deck.  See also '''2.2.1 Wood Decks''' and '''2.2.2 Steel Decks'''.
+<li>Steel ''decks'' are not suitable for asphalt shingle application and therefore must be overlaid with a sub-deck that permits ventilation below the sub-deck.  See also '''2.2.1 Wood Decks''' and '''2.2.2 Steel Decks'''.
 </li></ol>
 ===Wood Decks===
 <ol>
-<li>A mechanically-fastened overlay is required for any deck structure that does not meet the criteria for a suitable deck surface set out in '''2.2.1 Wood Decks'''.  Wood deck overlays must be securely fastened with ring-shanked nails having a shank at least 3 mm thick and a head at least 9.5 mm in diameter.  Fasteners must penetrate structural material at least 19 mm (3/4”).
+<li>A mechanically fastened overlay is required for any ''supporting deck'' that does not meet the criteria for a suitable ''deck'' surface set out in '''2.2.1 Wood Decks'''.  ''Deck overlays'' applied to wood decks must be securely fastened with ring-shanked nails having a shank at least 3 mm thick and a head at least 9.5 mm in diameter.  Fasteners must penetrate structural material at least 19 mm (3/4”).
 </li></ol>
 ===Walls===
 <ol>
-<li>Where the wall surface is unsuitable to receive a membrane, it must be covered with an accepted overlay material.
+<li>Where the ''wall'' surface is unsuitable to receive a membrane, it must be covered with an accepted overlay panel material {{hilite | (refer to '''Division C: Accepted Materials''' in this ''Manual'')|| 2021-June-30 }}.
-<li>Wall overlays must be
+<li>''Wall overlays'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>mechanically fastened with screw fasteners placed
@@ Line 611: / Line 682: @@
 =AIR and VAPOUR CONTROLS=
-See more information on [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Air_and_Vapour_Control '''Air and Vapour Control'''] in ''Division B: Essential Elements''.
+See more information on [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Air_and_Vapour_Control '''Air and Vapour Control'''] in '''Division B: Essential Elements'''.
 ==General==
 ===Intent===
-<span class="reference">Air and vapour control layers, along with thermal barriers, water resistive barriers and water-shedding surfaces, serve to separate the outside environment from the interior environments of a structure. Continuous air control layers are perhaps the most critical. Building Codes in force in each jurisdiction, and the '''National Energy Code''' (2011), require the selection and proper installation of “a continuous air barrier system comprised of air-barrier assemblies to control air leakage into and out of the conditioned space” (NEC 2011)</span>.
+<span class="reference">Air and vapour control layers, along with thermal barriers, water resistive barriers and water-shedding surfaces, serve to separate the outside environment from the interior environments of a structure. Continuous air control layers are perhaps the most critical. Building Codes in force in each jurisdiction, and the ''National Energy Code'' (2011), require the selection and proper installation of “a continuous air barrier system comprised of air-barrier assemblies to control air leakage into and out of the conditioned space” (NEC 2011)</span>.
 Continuity of the air and vapour control layers from the wall systems and roof systems is essential to the satisfactory performance of either or both. Therefore, proper connection between air and vapour control systems is essential, and the responsibility of both the ''Design Authority'' and trades constructing walls and roofs.
-<span class="reference">'''Air control layers''' control “flow of air through the building enclosure, either inward or outward” (''Guide for Designing Energy Efficient Building Enclosures'', '''Homeowner Protection Office'''). Controlling air flow into and out of conditioned spaces affects the performance of “thermally efficient enclosure assemblies” (ibid), impacts the potential for condensation in between materials, and directly influences rain water penetration of the building envelope. Some air control layers are considered vapour permeable, others vapour-impermeable. The suitability of one over the other, in the application of a roofing system, is left to the discernment of the ''Design Authority''</span>. <span class="recommended">Consequently, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' strongly recommends that designers and builders of roof systems intended to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' carefully consider the regulatory design and installation requirements for effective, continuous air control systems</span>.
+<span class="reference">'''Air control layers''' control “flow of air through the building enclosure, either inward or outward” (''Guide for Designing Energy Efficient Building Enclosure''s, '''Homeowner Protection Office'''). Controlling air flow into and out of conditioned spaces affects the performance of “thermally efficient enclosure assemblies” (ibid), impacts the potential for condensation in between materials, and directly influences rainwater penetration of the building envelope. Some air control layers are considered permeable, others air-impermeable or ‘airtight’. The suitability of one over the other, in the application of a roofing system, is left to the discernment of the ''Design Authority''.</span> <span class="recommended">Consequently, the</span>  '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' <span class="recommended">strongly recommends that designers and builders of roof systems intended to qualify for a</span>  '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' <span class="recommended">carefully consider the regulatory design and installation requirements for effective, continuous air control systems.</span>
-<span class="reference">'''Vapour control layers''' regulate or prohibit the movement of water vapour from one space to another by means of diffusion. Consequently, these control layers are referred to as either vapour-permeable or impermeable. Diffusion is a slow process, in contrast to air movement, and its regulation is not always mandatory or even desirable. Consequently, because continuous vapour control layers “are not needed within all climate zones and assemblies”, they are considered non-critical and may be left to the discretion of the ''Design Authority''</span>. <span class="recommended">Nevertheless, where continuous vapour control layers are required and specified by provincial or municipal building codes (current and in force), the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' requires that a suitable vapour control system be selected by the ''Design Authority'' and properly installed by the roofing contractor in conformity with the vapour control layer manufacturer’s published instructions, and with the ''Design Authority’s'' specified details</span>.
+<span class="reference">'''Vapour control layers''' regulate or prohibit the movement of water vapour from one space to another by means of diffusion. Consequently, these control layers are referred to as either vapour-permeable or impermeable. Diffusion is a slow process, in contrast to air movement, and its regulation is not always mandatory or even desirable. Consequently, because continuous vapour control layers “are not needed within all climate zones and assemblies”, they are considered non-critical and may be left to the discretion of the ''Design Authority''</span>. <span class="recommended">Nevertheless, where continuous vapour control layers are required and specified by provincial or municipal building codes (current and in force), the</span> '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' <span class="recommended">requires that a suitable vapour control system be selected by the ''Design Authority'' and properly installed by the roofing contractor in conformity with the vapour control layer manufacturer’s published instructions, and with the ''Design Authority’s'' specified details</span>.
 <span class="principles">Any references in this '''Manual''' to installation methodologies, and any construction details that show air and vapour control layers, are merely illustrative and not prescriptive</span>. <span class="recommended">Installers of continuous air and vapour control layer systems are urged to understand and comply with best practices for their application</span>.
 ===Limitations and Exclusions===
-#Air and vapour control layer performance is not part of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', and air and vapour control materials are not listed in the ''Accepted Materials'' Division of this '''Manual'''. Therefore, the decision to specify air and vapour control layers, the placement of continuous air and vapour control layers in relation to a roof assembly and its components, and the selection of suitable materials for that application, is the sole responsibility of the ''Design Authority''.  <span class="recommended">The ''Design Authority'' is urged to review and consider the performance characteristics of materials available for such applications</span>.
+#Air and vapour control layer performance is not part of the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', and air and vapour control materials are not listed in the ''Accepted Materials'' Division of this ''Manual''. Therefore, the decision to specify air and vapour control layers, the placement of continuous air and vapour control layers in relation to a roof assembly and its components, and the selection of suitable materials for that application, is the sole responsibility of the ''Design Authority''.  <span class="recommended">The ''Design Authority'' is urged to review and consider the performance characteristics of materials available for such applications</span>.
-#Neither the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' nor the roofing contractor will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, the roof system caused by the use or absence of air or vapour control layers.
+#Neither the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' nor the ''Contractor'' will accept any responsibility for damage to, or failure of, the roof system caused by the use or absence of air or vapour control layers.
 #In some roof assembly designs, the required underlayment may serve as an air control layer, vapour control layer, or both; this is dependent upon the properties of the material to be used, and will be subject to the designer’s modelling of the assembly.  Consult the Technical Data Sheets for suitable materials.
@@ Line 639: / Line 710: @@
 </li></ol>
 <br>
-<span class="recommended">Roof systems for facilities such as these, with high-humidity environments, may be susceptible to the accumulation of moisture within the roof assembly unless an effective air and vapour controls are installed</span>.
+<span class="recommended">Roof systems for facilities such as these, with high-humidity environments, may be susceptible to the accumulation of moisture within the ''Roof Assembly'' unless an effective air and vapour controls are installed</span>.
 </li></ol>
 ===Attic Ventilation===
 <ol>
-<li>The design and selection of the ventilation system is the responsibility of the Design Authority, and may be achieved by incorporating into the roof design both intake and exhaust vents, including (without limitation),
+<li>The design and selection of the ventilation system is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority'', and may be achieved by incorporating into the roof design both intake and exhaust vents, including (without limitation),
 <ol>
 <li>Eave vents
@@ Line 655: / Line 726: @@
 <li>Attic (roof cavity) ventilation must
 <ol>
-<li>meet the minimum requirements set out by the Code having jurisdiction, even in conditions where snow cover is present (see ''British Columbia Building Code'', Part 9 for Housing and Small Buildings, Section 9.19 Roof Spaces, 9.19.1.3 Clearances).  Roofs that do not provide adequate ventilation do not qualify for a RoofStar Guarantee.
+<li>meet the minimum requirements set out by the Code having jurisdiction, even in conditions where snow cover is present (see ''British Columbia Building Code'', Part 9 for Housing and Small Buildings, Section 9.19 Roof Spaces, 9.19.1.3 Clearances).  Roofs that do not provide adequate ventilation do not qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
 <li>be suitable for the
 <ol>
@@ Line 668: / Line 739: @@
 </li></ol>
 <br>
-See also ''Building Ventilation'' in '''Division B''' of this '''Manual'''.
+See also ''Building Ventilation'' in '''Division B: Essential Elements''' of this ''Manual''.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Continuous proprietary ridge venting systems
@@ Line 680: / Line 751: @@
 ===Air and Vapour Controls===
 <ol>
-<li>The material selected for air and vapour control layers must be compatible with any other materials in the roof or wall assembly to which the control layer may come in contact.  This includes, without limitation, contact with primers and adhesives, substrates, solvents and cleaners.
+<li>The material selected for air and vapour control layers must be compatible with any other materials in the roof or ''wall assembly'' to which the control layer may come in contact.  This includes, without limitation, contact with primers and adhesives, substrates, solvents and cleaners.
 <li><span class="principles">Self-adhering or adhesive-applied materials should be considered as alternatives to torch-applied membranes when the substrate to which they will be applied is combustible, or when nearby structures, openings or materials present a fire hazard.</span>  In the alternative, a suitable separation or overlay material as protection from open flame is acceptable.  The application of materials to a combustible surface, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.
-<li><span class="principles">Fully supported air and vapour control layers should possess a minimum published static puncture resistance rating of 150 N (34 lbf) (ref. CGSB-37.56-M for both test method and standard limits) and be either self-adhering or torch-applied; a high puncture resistance is necessary for the membrane to withstand accidental damage during construction</span>.  For unsupported air and vapour control layers, see '''6.2.3''' below. Therefore, while responsibility for the selection of suitable air and vapour control layers rests with the ''Design Authority'', a roof designed and built to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' shall not include either polyethylene sheet plastic or bitumen-impregnated kraft paper.
+<li><span class="principles">Fully supported air and vapour control layers should possess a minimum published static puncture resistance rating of 150 N (34 lbf)</span> (ref. CGSB-37.56-M for both test method and standard limits) <span class="principles">and be either self-adhering or torch-applied; a high puncture resistance is necessary for the membrane to withstand accidental damage during construction</span>.  For unsupported air and vapour control layers, see '''6.2.3''' below. Therefore, while responsibility for the selection of suitable air and vapour control layers rests with the ''Design Authority'', a roof designed and built to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' shall not include either polyethylene sheet plastic or bitumen-impregnated kraft paper.
-<li><span class="recommended">Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' strongly recommends that any air or vapour control systems be installed over a smooth, continuous plane (for example, concrete or plywood). Consequently, a deck overlay board installed on corrugated steel roof decks in highly recommended</span>. Where no deck overlay board is installed and the air and vapour control layers are partially unsupported (for example, on a steel deck), the control layers each must have a published static puncture resistance of at least 400 N (90 lbf). Furthermore, both the side laps and end laps must be fully supported.
+<li><span class="recommended">Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, the</span>  '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' <span class="recommended">strongly recommends that any air or vapour control systems be installed over a smooth, continuous plane (for example, concrete or plywood). Consequently, a ''deck overlay'' board installed on corrugated steel roof ''decks'' in highly recommended</span>. Where no ''deck overlay'' board is installed and the air and vapour control layers are partially unsupported (for example, on a steel ''deck''), the control layers each must have a published static puncture resistance of at least 400 N (90 lbf). Furthermore, both the side laps and end laps must be fully supported.
-<li><span class="recommended">Should the air or vapour control layers be used as a temporary roof during ''Project'' construction by either the roofing contractor or by other trades, a minimum 2mm thick bituminous membrane is recommended</span>.
+<li><span class="recommended">Should the air or vapour control layers be used as a temporary roof during ''Project'' construction by either the ''Contractor'' or by other trades, a minimum 2mm thick bituminous membrane is recommended</span>.
 <li>Because curing concrete releases considerable moisture that can compromise the performance of a roof system, a vapour control layer installed on new concrete decks (28 days or older) must be selected to prevent condensation inside the roof system. <span class="recommended">A membrane with a permeability of 0.01 perms (Class I) is recommended</span>. <span class="principles">Nevertheless, the selection of the vapour control material is the responsibility of the ''Design Authority''</span>.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 713: / Line 784: @@
 ===Air and Vapour Controls===
 <ol>
-<li>Proper installation and continuity of air and vapour control layers within the roof assembly is the responsibility of the roofing contractor. Therefore,  air and vapour control layers in the roof assembly must
+<li>Proper installation and continuity of air and vapour control layers within the ''roof assembly'' is the responsibility of the ''Contractor''. Therefore,  air and vapour control layers in the ''roof assembly'' must
 <ol>
-<li>extend beyond the end of the roof assembly at least 100 mm (4”), in new construction, to provide sufficient room for the installation of matching control layers to so that they provide a positive (water-shedding) lap seal union between courses of material.
+<li>extend beyond the end of the ''roof assembly'' at least 100 mm (4”), in new construction, to provide sufficient room for the installation of matching control layers to so that they provide a positive (water-shedding) lap seal union between courses of material.
 <li>be sealed to matching control layers in the wall assembly, for roof replacement ''Projects''.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Installation must be smooth and uniform, without wrinkles or fish-mouths, and must also conform to the manufacturer’s published requirements and the Design Authority’s design details.
+<li>Installation must be smooth and uniform, without wrinkles or fish-mouths, and must also conform to the manufacturer’s published requirements and the ''Design Authority’s'' design details.
 <li>All membrane side and end laps must be fully supported, in the field and at transitions with curbs, parapets, walls and penetrations.
+<br>
+<br>
+See Figures '''6.3.1-1''' and '''6.3.1-2'''.
+<div class="col-md-12">
+<div class="col-md-4">
+{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
+|+ <small>'''Figure 6.3.1-1'''</small>
+|-
+| [[File:Figure 6.3.1-1.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=6.3.1_Air_and_Vapour_Controls_(field) | 350 px]]
+|-
+|}
+</div>
+<div class="col-md-4">
+{| class="wikitable"; table style="background-color:white"; border="#A9A9A9;"
+|+ <small>'''Figure 6.3.1-2'''</small>
+|-
+| [[File:Figure 6.3.1-2.jpg|class=img-responsive | link=http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=6.3.1_Air_and_Vapour_Controls_(field) | 350 px]]
+|-
+|}
+</div>
+</div>
+Click on either of the images above to link to the Construction Detail.
 <li>The application of materials to an unprotected combustible material, using a torch, is strictly prohibited.
 <li>All combustible materials MUST be protected from open flame by an acceptable separation or overlay material.  This includes, without limitation, combustible materials
@@ Line 744: / Line 838: @@
 ===Definitions===
-:;''Heat-sensitive insulation'': means insulation that may be physically or chemically altered when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F) - for example, heat from a torch or from liquefied bitumen.  Heat-sensitive insulation includes EPS, XPS and Polyurethane.
+:;''Heat-resistant insulation'': means insulation that resists heat and will not physically or chemically change when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F), including liquefied bitumen.  Insulation boards of this type include fibreboard, polyisocyanurate and mineral wool.  Note that ''heat-resistant'' does not mean or even infer 'fire-proof'.  While some ''heat-resistant insulation'' materials will resist burning for a period of time, only mineral wool insulation will not burn.
 ;:
-:;''Heat-resistant insulation'': means insulation that resists heat and will not physically or chemically change when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F), including liquefied bitumen.  Insulation boards of this type include fibreboard, polyisocyanurate and mineral wool.  Note that heat-resistant does not mean or even infer 'fire-proof'.  While some heat-resistant insulation materials will resist burning for a period of time, only mineral wool insulation will not burn.
+:;''Heat-sensitive insulation'': means insulation that may be physically or chemically altered when exposed to heat greater than 70°C (158°F) - for example, heat from a torch or from liquefied bitumen.  ''Heat-sensitive insulation'' includes EPS, XPS and Polyurethane.
 ;:
-See the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for other terms used in this '''Manual'''.
+See the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for other terms used in this Part.
 ===Design===
 <ol>
-<li>Consult the Building Code having jurisdiction for the minimum required thermal resistance of the roof assembly.
+<li>Consult the Building Code having jurisdiction for the minimum required thermal resistance of the ''roof assembly''.
 <li>Insulation compressive strength, when applicable, must be taken into consideration by the structural engineer.
-<li>Insulation materials rely on various standards for the determination of thermal resistance, which means that not all data can be easily compared. Furthermore, not all insulation products perform with consistent thermal resistance as temperature changes, and some insulation performance declines with age. The ''Design Authority'' is therefore urged to consider the Long Term Thermal Resistance (LTTR) for each product, in relation to its placement within the roof assembly and the anticipated outside and interior climates of the building.
+<li>Insulation materials rely on various standards for the determination of thermal resistance, which means that not all data can be easily compared. Furthermore, not all insulation products perform with consistent thermal resistance as temperature changes, and some insulation performance declines with age. The ''Design Authority'' is therefore urged to consider the Long Term Thermal Resistance (LTTR) for each product, in relation to its placement within the ''roof assembly'' and the anticipated outside and interior climates of the building.
-<li>In warm seasons, the roof surface may reach temperatures higher than 85°C (185°F), affecting the performance and stability of some insulation. Combining insulation types in a roof assembly may help mitigate these temperature swings and consequential distortion of the assembly. The ''Design Authority'' therefore must consider these variables when specifying materials and their installation.
+<li>In warm seasons, the roof surface may reach temperatures higher than 85°C (185°F), affecting the performance and stability of some insulation. Combining insulation types in a ''roof assembly'' may help mitigate these temperature swings and consequential distortion of the assembly. The ''Design Authority'' therefore must consider these variables when specifying materials and their installation.
-<li><span class="recommended">Only heat-resistant insulation is recommended for use in an insulated, ventilated roof assembly covered with asphalt shingles</span>.  <span class="principles">When heat-sensitive insulation is desirable, the ''Design Authority'' should calculate the anticipated maximum temperature for the upper surface of the insulation assembly and ensure the insulation material’s service temperature is suitable for the design</span>.
+<li><span class="recommended">Only ''heat-resistant insulation'' is recommended for use in an insulated, ventilated roof assembly covered with asphalt shingles</span>.  <span class="principles">When ''heat-sensitive insulation'' is desirable, the ''Design Authority'' should calculate the anticipated maximum temperature for the upper surface of the insulation assembly and ensure the insulation material’s service temperature is suitable for the design</span>.
-<li>Insulation assemblies with a cumulative thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) (based on published values measured at 24°C) must be installed in multiple layers that are offset and staggered (see '''7.3 Application'''). Within that multi-layered assembly, any single layer of insulation may have a thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) provided no one layer exceeds 60% of the cumulative thermal resistance of the combined assembly of insulation and insulation overlay boards.
+<li>Insulation assemblies with a cumulative thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) (based on published values measured at 24°C) must be installed in multiple layers that are offset and staggered (see '''7.3 Application'''). Within that multi-layered assembly, any single layer of insulation may have a thermal resistance greater than RSI-2.64 (R-15) provided no one layer exceeds 60% of the cumulative thermal resistance of the combined assembly of insulation and ''insulation overlay'' boards.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 765: / Line 860: @@
 <ol>
 <li>The maximum width and length of any adhered insulation panel shall be 1200 mm (4’)
-<li>The maximum width and length of insulation boards installed with mechanical fasteners is limited only by the manufacturer
+<li>The maximum width and length of insulation boards installed with mechanical fasteners is limited only by the manufacturer.
 <li>Insulation installed directly over a fluted steel deck must be thick enough to span the flutes under live loads (minimum live load equal to or greater than 115 Kg (253 lbs); see also '''9.1.1 Design'''), without risk of cracking or breakage.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 794: / Line 889: @@
 ==General==
 ===Definitions===
-:;''Eave Protection'': means a self-adhering membrane applied in parallel courses along the eaves, up the roof slope to a point measured vertically from the inside of the exterior wall, and intended to block the ingress of water that may leak behind shingles or metal roof panels as the result of snow or ice buildup on the roof surface.
+:;''Eave Protection'': means a self-adhering membrane applied in parallel courses {{hilite | on the roof ''deck''|| 2021-June-30 }} along the eaves, up the roof slope to a point measured vertically from the inside of the exterior wall, and intended to block the ingress of water that may leak behind shingles or metal roof panels as the result of snow or ice buildup on the roof surface.
 ;:
-:;''Underlayment,'': sometimes referred to as Waterproof Shingle Underlayment (WSU), means a roll material that is either self-adhering or mechanically fastened (typically with large head nails), and which
+:;''Underlayment,'': sometimes referred to as Waterproof Shingle Underlayment (WSU), means a roll material that is either self-adhering or mechanically fastened (typically with large head nails), and which is installed
-::#provides a secondary water-shedding surface between the shingles or metal panels and the building interior.
+::#immediately over the supporting ''deck''.
-::#keeps shingles or metal panels from adhering to the underlying substrate.
+::#to provide secondary protection between the ''Water-shedding System'' materials and the building interior.
+::#to keep ''Water-shedding System'' materials from adhering to the ''deck''.
 ;:
-See the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for other terms used in this '''Manual'''.
+See the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for other terms used in this Part.
 ===Design===
 <ol>
-<li>Eave protection is required on all '''Common Slope''', '''Steep Slope''' and '''Extreme Slope''' roofs, but is not required
+<li>''Eave protection'' is required on all ''Common Slope'', ''Steep Slope'' and ''Extreme Slope'' roofs, but is not required
 <ol>
 <li>over unheated spaces.
 <li>where the roof overhang exceeds 915 mm (3′) measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior wall.
 </li></ol>
-<li>An underlayment is required
+<li>An ''underlayment'' is required
 <ol>
-<li>beneath all water-shedding roof materials, irrespective of slope.
+<li>beneath all ''Water-shedding System'' materials, irrespective of slope.
 <li>on vertical surfaces where roofing materials and flashings adjoin walls or curbs.
 <li>beneath all penetration flashings.
 </li></ol>
 <li>When the roof slope is less than 1:3, the underlayment over the entire roof – in the field, on vertical surfaces and beneath all penetrations – must be self-adhering.  See '''8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments''' for material requirements.
-<li><span class="recommended">In all applications, a non-adhering roof field underlayment may be specified as a separation layer over any self-adhering membrane (used as eave and rake protection, or as a full underlayment on Low Slope or Flat Roofs), to separate the shingles from the membrane and thus prohibit bonding of the two.  This approach may simplify future shingle replacement, as a result, spare the supporting deck structure from damage during tear-off</span>.
+<li><span class="recommended">In all applications, a non-adhering roof field ''underlayment'' may be specified as a separation layer over any self-adhering membrane (used as eave and rake protection, or as a full ''underlayment'' on ''Low Slope'' or ''Flat'' roofs), to separate the shingles from the membrane and thus prohibit bonding of the two.  This approach may simplify future shingle replacement, as a result, spare the ''supporting deck'' from damage during tear-off</span>.
-<li>Metal flashings along the eave and rake (gable) edges are required on all Projects and must be separated from direct contact with wood surfaces.  See also '''10 PERIMETERS and WALLS''', and '''13 METAL FLASHINGS'''.
+<li>Metal flashings along the eave and rake (gable) edges are required on all ''Projects'' and must be separated from direct contact with wood surfaces.  See also '''Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS''', and '''Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS'''.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 825: / Line 921: @@
 <ol>
-<li>Eave Protection must be
+<li>''Eave Protection'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>self-adhering.
 <li>have a sanded or synthetic, non-bonding top surface.
-<li>at least {{hilite | 1.4|| 2021-February-7 }} mm thick {{hilite |or, in the alternative, another RGC-accepted eave protection membrane supported in writing by the asphalt shingle manufacturer.  Written confirmation from the manufacturer must be submitted to the Guarantor as part of the project documentation|| 2021-February-7 }}.
+<li>at least {{hilite | 1.4|| 2021-February-7 }} mm thick {{hilite |or, in the alternative, another RGC-accepted ''eave protection'' membrane supported in writing by the asphalt shingle manufacturer.  Written confirmation from the manufacturer must be submitted to the ''Guarantor'' as part of the project documentation|| 2021-February-7 }}.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Underlayments may include any of the following:
 <ol>
-<li>At least one ply of 15 lb. non-perforated asphalt saturated felt conforming to ''CSA A123.3 M1979'' and / or ''ASTM D226-95'', and as acceptable under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' (see [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Eave_Protection_%26_Underlayment_(Asphalt_Shingles,_Cedar_Shakes_%26_Shingles) '''Eave Protection & Underlayment'''] for shingle roofing).
+<li>At least one ply of 15 lb. non-perforated asphalt saturated felt conforming to ''CSA A123.3 M1979'' and / or ''ASTM D226-95'', and as acceptable under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''' (see [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Eave_Protection_%26_Underlayment_(Asphalt_Shingles,_Cedar_Shakes_%26_Shingles) '''Eave Protection & Underlayment'''] for asphalt shingle roofing).
 <li>RoofStar-accepted synthetic underlayment.
 <li>RoofStar-accepted self-adhering membranes with a minimum thickness {{hilite |as described in '''8.2.1.1''' above|| 2021-February-7 }}, for roof slopes less than 1:3 (4” in 12”). Alternatively, multiple layers of a thinner membrane may be used, but must be installed with offset vertical and horizontal seams.
@@ Line 855: / Line 951: @@
 ====General====
 <ol>
-<li>Eave protection is required on all '''Common Slope''', '''Steep Slope''' and '''Extreme Slope''' roofs, but is not required
+<li>''Eave protection'' is required on all ''Common Slope'', ''Steep Slope'' and ''Extreme Slope'' roofs, but is not required
 <ol>
 <li>over unheated spaces.
-<li>where the roof overhang exceeds 915 mm (3′) measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior wall.
+<li>where the roof overhang exceeds 915 mm (3′) measured along the roof slope from the edge of the roof to the inner face of the exterior ''wall''.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Self-adhering eave protection is required irrespective of roof slope, and must
+<li>Self-adhering ''eave protection'' is required irrespective of roof slope, and must
 <ol>
 <li>overhang the fascia by at least 25 mm (1”).
-<li>extend up the slope to a point, when measured vertically from the inner face of an exterior wall,
+<li>extend up the slope to a point, when measured vertically from the inner face of an exterior ''wall'',
 <ol>
 <li>at least 915 mm (3′), or to a point at least 300 mm (12″), whichever is greater.
 <li><span class="recommended">at least 600 mm (24”), in regions with heavy snow</span>.
-<li>extend up all abutments (walls, skylights, etc.) at least 150 mm (6″) above the finished roof surface.
+<li>extend up all abutments (walls, skylights, etc.) at least 150 mm (6″) above the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding Assembly''.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
-<li>Horizontal runs of eave protection must be positively lapped at least 50 mm (2″) and end laps (vertical joints) must be at least 150 mm (6″).
+<li>Horizontal runs of ''eave protection'' must be positively lapped at least 50 mm (2″) and end laps (vertical joints) must be at least 150 mm (6″).
 </li></ol>
 <div id="AShUNDERLAYMENT"></div>
@@ Line 877: / Line 973: @@
 ====General====
 <ol>
-<li>An underlayment must be installed
+<li>An ''underlayment'' must be installed
 <ol>
 <li>‘shingle fashion’ and fastened
@@ Line 884: / Line 980: @@
 <li>with roofing nails (in the absence of other instructions).
 </li></ol>
-<li>parallel to the eave, and each course of underlayment must positively overlap adjacent material by
+<li>parallel to the eave, and each course of ''underlayment'' must positively overlap adjacent material by
 <ol>
 <li>at least 75 mm (3″) along the sides, unless exceeded by the manufacturer’s instructions.
 <li>at least 150 mm (6″) at the ends, unless exceeded by the manufacturer’s instructions.
 </li></ol>
-<li>beneath all water-shedding roof materials, irrespective of slope.
+<li>beneath all ''Water-shedding System'' materials, irrespective of slope.
 <li>beneath all perimeter flashings.
 <li>beneath all penetration flashings.
 <li>on vertical surfaces where roofing materials and flashings adjoin walls or curbs, at least 150 mm (6”) above the roof deck.
 </li></ol>
-<li>When the roof slope is less than 1:3, the underlayment over the entire roof – in the field, on vertical surfaces and beneath all penetrations – must be self-adhering.  See 8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments for material requirements.
+<li>When the roof slope is less than 1:3, the ''underlayment'' over the entire roof – in the field, on vertical surfaces and beneath all penetrations – must be self-adhering.  See '''8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayments''' for material requirements.
-<li>Where negative (backward) laps are unavoidable, only a RoofStar-accepted self-adhering underlayment may be used. Negative laps must be at least 150 mm (6”), and seams must be roller-pressed and sealed with a compatible mastic along the seam edge.
+<li>Where negative (backward) laps are unavoidable, only a RoofStar-accepted self-adhering ''underlayment'' may be used. Negative laps must be at least 150 mm (6”), and seams must be roller-pressed and sealed with a compatible mastic along the seam edge.
 <li>Organic felt underlays and asphalt shingles must be applied on the same day. <span class="recommended">To prevent wrinkling, let felt relax before installing</span>.
-<li><span class="recommended">To prevent shingles from bonding to self-adhering membranes, and simplify future roof replacement, a non-bonding underlayment may be used as a separation layer between the shingles and the membrane</span>.
+<li><span class="recommended">To prevent shingles from bonding to self-adhering membranes, and simplify future roof replacement, a non-bonding ''underlayment'' may be used as a separation layer between the shingles and the membrane</span>.
 </li></ol>
 ====Low Slope Roofs====
 <ol>
-<li>In addition to the General requirements above, '''Low Slope''' roofs may be fully covered with
+<li>In addition to the General requirements above, ''Low Slope'' roofs may be fully covered with
 <ol>
-<li>one layer of self-adhering eave protection membrane equal to or exceeding the minimum thickness requirements, or
+<li>one layer of self-adhering ''eave protection'' membrane equal to or exceeding the minimum thickness requirements, or
 <li>multiple layers equal to or exceeding 1.7 mm in thickness; the second layer must be offset from the first by at least 300 mm (12”), both horizontally and vertically.
 </ol></li>
@@ Line 916: / Line 1,012: @@
 ==General==
 <ol>
-<li><span class="reference">The Standards published in this Part, and in those that follow, reflect the level of attention to design and application required by the designed slope of the roof.  Shingles are water-shedding materials, and low slopes may affect the flow of water, necessitating more rigorous requirements to keep water from reaching the supporting deck structure and the conditioned space of the building</span>.
+<li><span class="reference">The Standards published in this Part, and in those that follow, reflect the level of attention to design and application required by the designed slope of the roof.  Shingles are ''Water-shedding'' materials, and low slopes may affect the flow of water, necessitating more rigorous requirements to keep water from reaching the ''supporting deck'' and the conditioned space of the building</span>.
 </li></ol>
 ==Materials==
 <ol>
-<li>All asphalt shingles shall be manufactured in compliance with the material standards found in ''CSA A123.5'', and shall in any event
+<li>All asphalt shingles shall be manufactured in compliance with the material standards found in ''CSA A123.5 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper'', and shall in any event
 <ol>
 <li>be reinforced with fibreglass or an accepted composite reinforcement scrim and shall not be manufactured with organic materials.
@@ Line 927: / Line 1,023: @@
 <li>provide discontinuous adhesive strips on the bottom face of the shingle’s exposure, manufactured from SEBS or an accepted material deemed equivalent or better by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', and free of any trails that would trap or impede the flow of water beneath the shingle.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Starter shingles or rolls must be acceptable to the field shingle manufacturer.
+<li>''Starter'' shingles or rolls must be acceptable to the field shingle manufacturer.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 934: / Line 1,030: @@
 <li>Shingles must be
 <ol>
-<li>expressly manufactured and accepted for application on Low Slope roofs.
+<li>expressly manufactured and accepted for application on ''Low Slope'' roofs.
-<li>manufactured to ''CSA A123.5'' for fibreglass felt shingles with a minimum mass of 10.50 kg per m<sup>2</sup> (215 lb per 100 sf).
+<li>manufactured to ''CSA A123.5 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper'' for fibreglass felt shingles with a minimum mass of 10.50 kg per m<sup>2</sup> (215 lb per 100 sf).
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 941: / Line 1,037: @@
 ==Application==
-<div id="AShFIELDAPPLICATION"></div>
 ===General===
 <ol>
-<li>See Part '''3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBL'''Y for field shingle nailing requirements.
+<li>See '''Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY''' for field shingle nailing requirements.
-<li>Asphalt Shingles shall be installed to ''CSA-A123.51 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper''.
+<li>Asphalt shingles shall be installed to ''CSA-A123.51 Asphalt shingle application on roof slopes 1:6 and steeper''.
 <li>Shingles shall be kept inside the manufacturer’s packaging until the time of application and must be free of damage or contamination on the sealing strips.
-<li>A starter strip or strip-type shingle is required at the eaves and rake (gable) edges, below the first course of shingles and must be installed
+<li>A ''starter course'' or strip-type shingle is required at the eaves and rake (gable) edges, below the first course of shingles and must be installed
 <ol>
 <li>flush with the edges of the underlayment.
@@ Line 974: / Line 1,069: @@
 <li>fastened with additional nails, as specified by the manufacturer.
 </li></ol>
-<li>When roofing work is complete, the Contractor must remove all temporary fall protection fittings and equipment.
+<li>When roofing work is complete, the ''Contractor'' must remove all temporary fall protection fittings and equipment.
 <li>If permanent fall protection anchor points are desirable, they must be specifically required and allocated by the ''Design Authority'' and incorporated into the roof design.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 980: / Line 1,075: @@
 ===Low Slope Roofs===
 <ol>
-<li>Shingles may not be installed on Low Slope roofs unless expressly permitted by the shingle manufacturer.
+<li>Shingles may not be installed on ''Low Slope'' roofs unless expressly permitted by the shingle manufacturer.
-<li>Shingles on '''Low Slope''' roofs must be installed over a self-adhering membrane or multi-layered membrane.  See 8.3.2.2 Low Slope Roofs for application requirements.
+<li>Shingles on '''Low Slope''' roofs must be installed over a self-adhering membrane or multi-layered membrane.  See '''8.3.2.2 Low Slope Roofs''' for application requirements.
 </li></ol>
 <div id="AShTRANSITIONS"></div>
@@ Line 989: / Line 1,084: @@
 <li>When the field roof slope changes more than 1:6 (2” in 12”), the transition in slope must be made to the following standards:
 <ol>
-<li>Underlayment for the lower roof area must be brought up onto the upper roof deck at least 200 mm (8”) but must extend past the top edge of the metal transition flashing by at least 50 mm (2”).
+<li>''Underlayment'' for the lower roof area must be brought up onto the upper roof ''deck'' at least 200 mm (8”) but must extend past the top edge of the metal transition flashing by at least 50 mm (2”).
 <li>The lower roof shingles must be terminated at the slope transition line.
 <li>A metal transition flashing is required and must be
@@ Line 998: / Line 1,093: @@
 <li>exert pressure on the lower slope shingles.
 </li></ol>
-<li>installed over the underlayment.
+<li>installed over the ''underlayment''.
 <li>secured to the upper slope with mechanical fasteners set in from the edge of the flashing 25 mm (1”) and spaced no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
 <li>lapped over the shingles on the lower slope at least 100 mm (4”); <span class="recommended">a hidden cleat used to secure the lower edge of the metal flashing is recommended but not required</span>.
 </li></ol>
-<li>When the angle between slopes is less than 180° (when the lower roof plane slope is less than the slope of the upper roof plane), a self-adhering membrane strip is required to overlap the upper edge of the metal flashing by at least 50 mm (2”); the membrane must extend up-slope at least 50 mm (2”) past the bottom layer of underlayment and be sealed to the roof deck.
+<li>When the angle between slopes is less than 180° (when the lower roof plane slope is less than the slope of the upper roof plane), a self-adhering membrane strip is required to overlap the upper edge of the metal flashing by at least 50 mm (2”); the membrane must extend up-slope at least 50 mm (2”) past the bottom layer of ''underlayment'' and be sealed to the roof ''deck''.
-<li>Shingles installed on the upper slope must be started and installed as a new slope, in keeping with the Standards in this '''Manual'''.
+<li>Shingles installed on the upper slope must be started and installed as a new slope, in keeping with the Standards in this ''Manual''.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,026: / Line 1,121: @@
 ;:
-:See the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for other terms used in this '''Manual'''.
+:See the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for other terms used in this ''Manual''.
 ===Design===
 <ol>
-<li>{{hilite | Linear metal flashings described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Furthermore, only new linear metal flashings may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing linear metal flashings is prohibited and may void the Guarantee.  See also '''1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations'''|| 2021-February-7}}.
+<li>{{hilite | ''Linear metal flashings'' described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a ''Project'' designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Furthermore, only new ''linear metal flashings'' may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing linear metal flashings is prohibited and may void the ''Guarantee''.  See also '''1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations'''|| 2021-February-7}}.
-<li>Metal flashings must be
+<li>The ''Design Authority'' is responsible to specify continuity so that intersecting ''systems'' are positively connected.  See '''10.3.2 Sequencing'''
+<li>''Linear metal flashings'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>installed along all eave and rake (gable) edges, and
 <ol>
 <li>extend at least 50 mm (2”) onto the roof deck.
-<li>be securely fastened to the deck with acceptable nails placed no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
+<li>be securely fastened to the ''deck'' with acceptable nails placed no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
 </li></ol>
-<li>separated from a wood substrate with self-adhered eave protection membrane or mechanically fastened underlayment.
+<li>separated from a wood substrate with self-adhered ''eave protection'' membrane or mechanically fastened underlayment.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Fascia may be covered with metal flashing and specified as part of the roof assembly.
 <li>The weathering surface of shingles must be protected from damage during the life of the roof, including damage by funneled water.  Therefore, the roof design must incorporate methods for managing the flow of water from one roof surface to another.
-<li>Where a '''Steep Slope''' roof plane drains onto a '''Common Slope''' or '''Low Slope''' roof, the valley metal flashing must be fashioned with double inverted “V” dividers.  Refer to '''Figure 13.3''' for valley flashing requirements.
+<li>Where a ''Steep Slope'' roof plane drains onto a ''Common Slope'' or ''Low Slope'' roof, the valley metal flashing must be fashioned with double inverted “V” dividers.  Refer to '''Figure 13.3''' for valley flashing requirements.
 <li>Diverter flashings
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,048: / Line 1,144: @@
 <li><span class="recommended">are not mandatory at rake edges (gable ends) but are recommended to direct water away from barge rafters and exposed fascia tails, and to direct water into gutters</span>.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Metal valleys must be used for laminate, interlocking and '''Low Slope''' shingle applications, and in any event are recommended for all roof designs.
+<li>Metal valleys must be used for laminate, interlocking and ''Low Slope'' shingle applications, and in any event are recommended for all roof designs.
 <li>Step flashings must be used to flash roof transitions with walls, parapets or curbs ranging from 90° to 120°, when measured on the face of the slope from the eave edge.
 <li>A back-pan flashing must be used when a wall, parapet or curb intersects the roof plane at 120° or more, measured on the face of the slope from the eave edge.
@@ Line 1,061: / Line 1,157: @@
 ===General===
 <ol>
-<li>Starter shingles or rolls must be acceptable to the field shingle manufacturer.
+<li>''Starter'' shingles or rolls must be acceptable to the field shingle manufacturer.
 <li>Caps used on hips and ridges must be acceptable to the field asphalt shingle manufacturer and be of the same material as the shingles.
-<li>Membranes used to flash transitions with walls, parapets or curbs must meet the Standards found in 8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayment.
+<li>Membranes used to flash transitions with walls, parapets or curbs must meet the Standards found in '''8.2.1 Eave Protection and Underlayment'''.
-<li>Membranes used in built-in gutters or dead valleys must meet the Standards found in 12.2.2 Materials.
+<li>Membranes used in built-in gutters or dead valleys must meet the Standards found in '''12.2.2 Materials'''.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,082: / Line 1,178: @@
 ===General===
 <ol>
-<li>The Standards in this Part may not include every possible detail the Contractor will encounter, but every installation must be executed in keeping with the following:
+<li>The Standards in this Part may not include every possible detail the ''Contractor'' will encounter, but every installation must be executed in keeping with the following:
 <ol>
-<li>Every transition in plane must be flashed (under-laid) with a non-adhering underlayment or a self-adhering membrane; the choice is slope-dependent and at the discretion of the ''Design Authority'', but in any event is subject to the Standards prescribed in '''Part 8'''.
+<li>Every transition in plane must be flashed (under-laid) with a non-adhering underlayment or a self-adhering membrane; the choice is slope-dependent and at the discretion of the ''Design Authority'', but in any event is subject to the Standards prescribed in '''Part 8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENT'''.
 <li>The underlayment below shingles, regardless of its type, serves as the final water barrier above the roof deck.
 <li>All materials must be installed in overlapping layers that positively shed water to a lower surface; asphalt shingles must be installed to provide double coverage.
@@ Line 1,091: / Line 1,187: @@
 <li>Nails must never be exposed to water.
 </li></ol>
-<li>See Part '''3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY''' for shingle nailing requirements.
+<li>See '''Part 3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY''' for shingle nailing requirements.
-<li>Metal flashings must be
+<li>''Linear metal flashings'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>installed along all eave and rake (gable) edges, and
@@ Line 1,100: / Line 1,196: @@
 </li></ol>
 <li>installed at every intersection with a wall.
-<li>separated from all substrates with self-adhered eave protection membrane or mechanically fastened underlayment.
+<li>separated from all substrates with self-adhered ''eave protection'' membrane or mechanically fastened ''underlayment''.
 </li></ol>
-<li>A starter course is
+<li>A ''starter course'' is
 <ol>
 <li>required at all eaves.
 <li><span class="recommended">recommended at rake (gable) edges</span>.
 </li></ol>
-<li><span class="recommended">In valleys and at eave and rake edges, extend the underlayment over the self-adhering membrane to keep shingles from bonding to the membrane</span>.
+<li><span class="recommended">In valleys and at eave and rake edges, extend the ''underlayment'' over the self-adhering membrane to keep shingles from bonding to the membrane</span>.
 <li>When rafter tails or barge rafters extend past the eave edge and are flush with the roof deck, they should be protected
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,113: / Line 1,209: @@
 <li>a metal cap flashing that is
 <ol>
-<li>fabricated with drip edges along all three sides and a flange extending onto the roof deck surface.
+<li>fabricated with drip edges along all three sides and a flange extending onto the roof ''deck''.
 <li>secured with at least two (2) fasteners.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,122: / Line 1,218: @@
 ===Sequencing===
 <ol>
-<li>Projects must follow proper sequencing. This means that materials must be installed so that they interface with other materials, systems or assemblies, including those installed by other trades, in “shingle fashion” by positively overlapping them below or above. Occasionally, the coordination with other trades requires some adaptation to this Standard. When that is the case, any variance to proper detail sequencing must be approved by the ''Design Authority'' in writing.
+<li>''Projects'' must follow proper sequencing. This means that materials must be installed so that they interface with other materials, systems or assemblies, including those installed by other trades, in “shingle fashion” by positively overlapping them below or above. Occasionally, the coordination with other trades requires some adaptation to this Standard. When that is the case, any variance to proper detail sequencing must be approved by the ''Design Authority'' in writing.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,133: / Line 1,229: @@
 <li>Eaves must be constructed to the following Standards:
 <ol>
-<li>Metal flashing is required on all Projects.
+<li>''Linear metal flashings'' at the eaves and rakes (gable edges) are required on all ''Projects''.
-<li>Eave protection or metal flashing underlayment must overhang eave fascia at least 25 mm (1”), to direct water into gutters.  See also '''8.3.1 Eave Protection'''.
+<li>Eave protection or metal flashing ''underlayment'' must overhang eave fascia at least 25 mm (1”), to direct water into gutters.  See also '''8.3.1 Eave Protection'''.
 <li>Eave metal flashing must be installed
 <ol>
 <li>above a separation layer.
-<li>below the eave protection layer.
+<li>below the ''eave protection'' layer.
-<li>so that the flashing extends at least 12 mm (1/2”) past the edge of the supporting deck structure, to accommodate gutter hangars (for existing or specified gutters).
+<li>so that the flashing extends at least 12 mm (1/2”) past the edge of the ''supporting deck'', to accommodate gutter hangars (for existing or specified gutters).
 <li>with nails driven through the flashing leg into the roof deck no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
 </li></ol>
-<li>All types of shingles installed on '''Common Slope''' and '''Steep Slope''' roofs must
+<li>All types of shingles installed on ''Common Slope'' and ''Steep Slope'' roofs must
 <ol>
-<li>be installed with a starter course along the eaves.
+<li>be installed with a ''starter course'' along the eaves.
-<li>overhang the fascia approximately 37 mm (1 ½”), <span class="principles">or with sufficient overhang to lead water into exposed eaves trough</span>.  <span class="recommended">Extend the overhang further for Low Slope roofs</span>.
+<li>overhang the fascia approximately 37 mm (1 ½”), <span class="principles">or with sufficient overhang to lead water into exposed eaves trough</span>.  <span class="recommended">Extend the overhang further for ''Low Slope'' roofs</span>.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
 <li>Rake (gable) edges must be constructed to the following Standards:
 <ol>
-<li>continuous metal flashings must be installed
+<li>continuous ''linear metal flashings'' must be installed
 <ol>
 <li>above a separation layer.
-<li>with nails driven through the flashing leg into the roof deck no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
+<li>with nails driven through the flashing leg into the roof ''deck'' no more than 400 mm (16”) O.C.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Asphalt shingles must be installed so that they overlap a rake (gable) edge by at least 12 mm (1/2”), unless exceeded by the manufacturer’s published requirements.
-<li>Shingles installed on low slopes must be sealed in a bed of compatible mastic at all rake edges.
+<li>Shingles installed on ''Low Slopes'' must be sealed in a bed of compatible mastic at all rake edges.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Step flashings connecting the roof to a wall must be constructed to the following Standards:
+<li>Step flashings connecting the roof to a ''wall'' must be constructed to the following Standards:
 <ol>
 <li>Only new step flashings are permitted (cloning is not allowed), and step flashings shall
@@ Line 1,164: / Line 1,260: @@
 <li>extend at least
 <ol>
-<li>125 mm (5") up vertical surfaces behind wall control layers (e.g. water, vapour, air) or a counterflashing (where used).
+<li>125 mm (5") up vertical surfaces behind ''wall'' control layers (e.g. water, vapour, air) or a counterflashing (where used).
 <li>100 mm (4") horizontally between courses of roofing.
 </li></ol>
 <li>have a 75 mm (3") head-lap above the shingle exposure.
 <li>be placed flush with the butt edge (bottom) of each asphalt shingle course.
-<li>fastened with nails located 50 mm (2") down from the top edge and 25 mm (1") in from the outside edge on the deck flange portion of each step flashing.
+<li>fastened with nails located 50 mm (2") down from the top edge and 25 mm (1") in from the outside edge on the ''deck'' flange portion of each step flashing.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Where step flashings are used, a drainage path of no less than 6 mm (1/4”) and no more than 12 mm (1/2”) must be provided between the edge of the shingle and the vertical face of the step flashing.
-<li>When the fascia board extends above the finished roof surface, step flashings trimmed to the height of the fascia must be used.  Cap flashings that cover the top surface of the fascia board must be joined and secured in keeping with the Standards in '''13.3.2 Securement and Seams'''.
+<li>When the fascia board extends above the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding Assembly'', step flashings trimmed to the height of the fascia must be used.  Cap flashings that cover the top surface of the fascia board must be joined and secured in keeping with the Standards in '''13.3.2 Securement and Seams'''.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Head wall and Apron flashings must be
@@ Line 1,191: / Line 1,287: @@
 <li>A diverter flashing, to direct water into gutters,
 <ol>
-<li>must be installed under the first course of shingles at the junction of roof eaves and a wall and must be installed over roof material by at least 100 mm (4").
+<li>must be installed under the first course of shingles at the junction of roof eaves and a ''wall'' and must be installed over roof material by at least 100 mm (4").
 <li>may be installed at the lower end of a rake edge under the second course of shingles.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,222: / Line 1,318: @@
 <li>lock-type shingles.
 <li>laminated asphalt shingles.
-<li>'''Low Slope''' roofs.
+<li>''Low Slope'' roofs.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Open valleys
 <ol>
 <li>for any slope may be constructed with a sheet metal valley flashing.
-<li>for '''Common Slope''' and '''Steep Slope''' roofs may be constructed with one layer of granule-faced SBS-modified bituminous membrane
+<li>for ''Common Slope'' and ''Steep Slope'' roofs may be constructed with one layer of granule-faced SBS-modified bituminous membrane
 <ol>
 <li>measuring at least 3.7 mm thick and 1 m (39") wide.
@@ Line 1,235: / Line 1,331: @@
 <li>Metal valley flashings must
 <ol>
-<li>be installed before any shingle application.  The installation of shingle starter strips beneath the metal valley flashings is not acceptable.
+<li>be installed before any shingle application.  The installation of shingle ''starter'' strips beneath the metal valley flashings is not acceptable.
-<li>be secured to the deck
+<li>be secured to the ''deck''
 <ol>
 <li>with fasteners nailed through the metal flashing
@@ Line 1,243: / Line 1,339: @@
 <li>approximately 25 mm (1”) in from the edge of the metal flashing.
 </li></ol>
-<li>with cleats nailed to the roof deck no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C. and hooked onto the outside edges of the flashing.
+<li>with cleats nailed to the roof ''deck'' no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C. and hooked onto the outside edges of the flashing.
 </li></ol>
 <li>extend to
@@ Line 1,256: / Line 1,352: @@
 </li></ol>
 <li>have a single central upstanding diverter/divider, except where the valley is less than 1200 mm (48”) long.
-<li>have two evenly spaced upstand diverters/dividers where a '''Steep Slope''' roof drains onto a '''Common''' or '''Low Slope''' roof.  See '''13.3.1 Fabrication''' for metal flashing requirements.
+<li>have two evenly spaced upstand diverters/dividers where a ''Steep Slope'' roof drains onto a ''Common'' or ''Low Slope'' roof.  See '''13.3.1 Fabrication''' for metal flashing requirements.
 <li>be sealed to the valley protection membrane with a strip of the same membrane material, <u>when installed on low-slope roofs or in regions with high snow accumulation</u>; each strip must measure at least 150 mm (6”) in width, and must be centred along each edge of the flashing.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,269: / Line 1,365: @@
 <li>So-called California-type valleys are permissible for laminated shingles, subject to approval by the shingle manufacturer, and must be constructed in keeping with the following Standards or the manufacturer’s published installation requirements, whichever are greater:
 <ol>
-<li>Laminated shingles used as a valley starter must be
+<li>Laminated shingles used as a valley ''starter'' must be
 <ol>
 <li>laid end to end vertically up each side of the installed metal valley flashing, so that their bottom edges align with and are set back from the centre of the valley by at least 50 mm (2”); use a chalk lines for guidance.
@@ Line 1,276: / Line 1,372: @@
 <li>Laminated field shingles (uncut) must be
 <ol>
-<li>laid perpendicular to the roof slope and overlap the valley starter shingles installed on either side of the valley centreline.
+<li>laid perpendicular to the roof slope and overlap the valley ''starter'' shingles installed on either side of the valley centreline.
-<li>secured no closer than 150 mm (6") from the butt edge of valley starter shingles.
+<li>secured no closer than 150 mm (6") from the butt edge of valley ''starter'' shingles.
-<li>completely cover the butt-end joints of valley starter shingles.
+<li>completely cover the butt-end joints of valley ''starter'' shingles.
 <li>no less than 200 mm (8”) in width (see '''9.3.1 General''').
 <li>installed in keeping with the requirements in '''Part 9'''.
@@ Line 1,329: / Line 1,425: @@
 <li>'''Upper patch''': overlap the lower patch by at least 50 mm (2”) and extend up the slope at least 150 mm (6”) past the metal.
 </li></ol>
-<li>ridge cap shingles and the continuing courses of shingles on the main roof slope must be installed using a Split Ridge Cap Shingle Transition.
+<li>ridge cap shingles and the continuing courses of shingles on the main roof slope must be installed using a Split Ridge Cap Shingle Transition (see Construction Detail [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=ASh_10.5.1_Valley_Transition_(Upper) '''ASh 10.5.1 Valley Transition''' ('''Upper''')].
 </li></ol>
 <li>When a metal valley changes slope, direction or both,
@@ Line 1,347: / Line 1,443: @@
 <li>installed according to the manufacturer’s published instructions, or to these Standards, whichever are greater.
 <li>applied to provide a minimum double coverage, including the first cap.
-<li>secured in keeping with Part 3; nails must penetrate through, or at least 19 mm (3/4”) into, the roof deck.
+<li>secured in keeping with '''Part 3'''; nails must penetrate through, or at least 19 mm (3/4”) into, the roof deck.
 <li>free of exposed nails, except for the last cap; use an acceptable sealant to seal exposed nails (see 10.2.4 Sealants).
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,357: / Line 1,453: @@
 <li>When an asphalt shingle roof transitions
 <ol>
-<li>up a slope onto an upper waterproofing assembly (Figures '''10.1''' and '''10.2'''),
+<li>up a slope onto an upper ''Waterproofing System'' (Figures '''10.1''' and '''10.2'''),
 <ol>
-<li>the transition may be made with a headwall flashing and a parapet or a metal edge termination (following the requirements for either in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for Waterproofing Roof Assemblies).
+<li>1)	the transition may be made with a headwall flashing in combination with a parapet, or with a metal edge termination (following the requirements for either as articulated in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' of the relevant ''Waterproofing System'' Standard).
-<li>the waterproofing must be completed in accordance with the Standards found in '''10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems''' (Waterproofing Standards for any membrane type).
+<li>the waterproofing must be completed in accordance with the Standards found in '''10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems''' of the relevant ''Waterproofing System'' Standard.
 </li></ol>
-<li>down a slope onto a lower waterproofing assembly (Figures '''10.3''' and '''10.4'''),
+<li>down a slope onto a lower ''Waterproofing System'' (Figures '''10.3''' and '''10.4'''),
 <ol>
-<li>the waterproofing must be completed in accordance with the Standards found in '''10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems''' (Waterproofing Standards for any membrane type).
+<li>the waterproofing must be completed in accordance with the Standards found in '''10.3.5.4 Transitions with Water-shedding Systems''' of the relevant ''Waterproofing System'' Standard.
-<li>shingles must be started with a Starter Course.
+<li>shingles must be started with a ''starter course''.
-<li>shingle underlayment must overlap the waterproofing flashing by no less than 100 mm (4”).
+<li>shingle ''underlayment'' must overlap the waterproofing flashing by no less than 100 mm (4”).
-<li>the lowest course of shingles should terminate above the waterproofed roof no closer than 100 mm (4”).
+<li>the lowest course of shingles should terminate above the ''Waterproofing System'' no closer than 100 mm (4”).
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,384: / Line 1,480: @@
 <div id="AShDRAINS"></div>
-=DRAINAGE and PENETRATIONS=
+=DRAINS and PENETRATIONS=
 ==General==
-This Part contains standards and references to membrane work that may be atypical of asphalt shingle roof construction.  These are nevertheless included to address situations where multiple types of roof systems intersect or overlap, or where membrane gutters are employed (see also '''12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters''').  The reader is advised to read this Part with consideration to the entire scope of the Project design and its construction.  Other Standards for Waterproofing Roof Systems may also apply.
+This Part contains standards and references to membrane work that may be atypical of Asphalt Shingle System construction.  These are nevertheless included to address situations where multiple types of roof systems intersect or overlap, or where membrane gutters are employed (see also '''12.2 Built-in Membrane Gutters''').  The reader is advised to read this Part with consideration to the entire scope of the ''Project'' design and its construction.  Other Standards for ''Waterproofing Systems'' may also apply.
 ===Definitions===
@@ Line 1,396: / Line 1,492: @@
 ===Design===
 <ol>
+<li>{{hilite | The design and placement of ''curbs'', for skylights or penetrations, shall be the responsibility of the ''Design Authority'' || 2021-June-26 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | ''Curbs'' and penetration flashings are normally supplied or constructed by other trades but must be sealed by the ''Contractor'' || 2021-June-26 }}.
+<li>''Curbs'' for skylights and other equipment must be designed with a minimum height of 150 mm (6”) above the roof deck. Proprietary deck-mounted skylights with ''curb'' profiles lower than the minimum must be capable of shedding water that flows over and around the skylight structure.
 <li>The surface of shingles must be protected from damage during the life of the roof, including damage by funneled water (such as water from rainwater leaders that spills directly onto another roof surface).  Therefore, while external metal gutters are an accessory and are not covered by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', the roof design must incorporate means and methods, such as the use of rainwater gutters, leader extensions or other devices, for managing the flow of water from one roof surface to another and away from the building.
 <li>Penetrations
@@ Line 1,407: / Line 1,506: @@
 <li>are permitted only when installed together with a properly fitted and caulked galvanized storm collar.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Curbs for skylights and other equipment must be designed with a minimum height of 150 mm (6”) above the roof deck. Proprietary deck-mounted skylights with curb profiles lower than the minimum must be capable of shedding water that flows over and around the skylight structure.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,418: / Line 1,516: @@
 ===Roof Drains and Overflows===
 <ol>
-<li>Drains and overflows used in membrane gutters may be found in any of the Waterproofing Roof Systems Standards.  The reader is advised to consult the relevant standard for design, material and application requirements.
+<li>Drains and overflows used in membrane gutters may be found in any of the ''Waterproofing Systems'' Standards.  The reader is advised to consult the relevant standard for design, material and application requirements.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,462: / Line 1,560: @@
 <li>Natural air flow vents must be
 <ol>
-<li>Type B or C ventilators manufactured to conform to or exceed the requirements set out in ''CAN3-A93-M82 (R2003'') for '''Natural Airflow Ventilator for Buildings'''.
+<li>Type B or C ventilators manufactured to conform to or exceed the requirements set out in ''CAN3-A93-M82 (R2003) Natural Airflow Ventilator for Buildings''.
 <li>permanently marked with the standard number.
 <li>tested by an accredited third party to verify compliance with the required Standard.
@@ Line 1,473: / Line 1,571: @@
 </li></ol>
 <li>Sheet lead flashings must be fabricated with sheet lead material weighing no less than 14.65 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> (3lb/sf).
-<li>B-vent and plumbing vent flashings must be at least 200 mm (8") in height, measured vertically from the top of the finished roof surface to the opening or top of the flashing.
+<li>B-vent and plumbing vent flashings must be at least 200 mm (8") in height, measured vertically from the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding Assembly'' to the opening or top of the flashing.
 <li>Goose-neck flashings must be fabricated to accommodate environmental conditions (wind and snow).
 <li>Storm collars must be fabricated so that they slope downward approximately 45° from the penetration and are at least 50 mm (2”) wide.
@@ Line 1,487: / Line 1,585: @@
 ===General===
 <ol>
-<li>The Standards in this Part may not include every possible detail the Contractor will encounter, but every installation must be executed in keeping with the following:
+<li>The Standards in this Part may not include every possible detail the ''Contractor'' will encounter, but every installation must be executed in keeping with the following:
 <ol>
-<li>Every transition in plane must be flashed (under-laid) with a non-adhering underlayment or a self-adhering membrane; the choice is slope-dependent and at the discretion of the ''Design Authority'', but in any event is subject to the Standards prescribed in '''Part 8'''.
+<li>Every transition in plane must be flashed (under-laid) with a non-adhering ''underlayment'' or a self-adhering membrane; the choice is slope-dependent and at the discretion of the ''Design Authority'', but in any event is subject to the Standards prescribed in '''Part 8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENTS'''.
-<li>The underlayment below shingles, regardless of its type, serves as the final water barrier above the roof deck.
+<li>The ''underlayment'' below shingles, regardless of its type, serves as the final water barrier above the roof deck.
 <li>All materials must be installed in overlapping layers that positively shed water to a lower surface; asphalt shingles must be installed to provide double coverage.
 <li>Materials must be secured in accordance with various Parts in this Standard.
@@ Line 1,496: / Line 1,594: @@
 <li>Nails must never be exposed to water.
 </li></ol>
-<li>All penetration and linear flashings must be separated from the underlying substrate with underlayment or a self-adhering eave protection membrane.  See '''8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENTS'''.
+<li>All penetration and ''linear metal flashings'' must be separated from the underlying substrate with ''underlayment'' or a self-adhering ''eave protection'' membrane.  See '''Part 8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENTS'''.
 <li>The flange of any penetration flashing must be at least 100 mm (4”) away from the edge of metal valley pans.
 <li>Where self-adhered membranes are installed around penetrations,
@@ Line 1,513: / Line 1,611: @@
 <li>membrane overlaps must be hand-rolled with a membrane manufacturer’s accepted roller or otherwise fully bonded.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Linear flashings used at walls, curbs or other vertical surfaces must be installed behind (covered with) any control layers, finish materials and counterflashings.
+<li>''Linear metal flashings'' used at ''walls'', ''curbs'' or other vertical surfaces must be installed behind (covered with) any control layers, finish materials and counterflashings.
 <li>Shingles installed around a flanged penetration flashing or curb step flashings must
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,521: / Line 1,619: @@
 </li></ol>
 <li>Where fasteners may be exposed to the weather, only cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers may be used.  See '''13.2.3 Fasteners'''.
-<li>When installing heat-welded membranes, or where construction sequencing requires it, alternatives to conventional membrane flashing should be considered. Refer to '''11.3.3.2 Alternative Membrane Flashing Approaches''' in the '''SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Systems''' standards.
+<li>When installing heat-welded membranes, or where construction sequencing requires it, alternatives to conventional membrane flashing should be considered. Refer to '''11.3.3.2 Alternative Membrane Flashing Approaches''' in the '''SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Roof Systems''' Standard.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,527: / Line 1,625: @@
 ====<big>General</big>====
 <ol>
-<li>For the application of roof drains, refer to Part 11 in the applicable Waterproofing Roof System standards.
+<li>For the application of roof drains, refer to Part 11 in the applicable ''Waterproofing System'' Standards.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,539: / Line 1,637: @@
 <li>Gutters and downspouts are not covered by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
 <li>Notwithstanding other standards in this Part, when a roof drains onto another roof, the drainage of water must be controlled to eliminate abrasion or erosion from water flow.  <span class="recommended">The use of splash pads, when appropriate for the location, is strongly recommended</span>.
-<li>The use of downspouts, installed by the Contractor or other trades and laid directly against the slope of the roof to connect an upper roof drainage to lower gutters, is acceptable under the RoofStar Guarantee Program, provided the material is strongly secured both at the top and the bottom.  The use of a spillway flashing is optional.
+<li>The use of downspouts, installed by the ''Contractor'' or other trades and laid directly against the slope of the roof to connect an upper roof drainage to lower gutters, is acceptable under the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program''''', provided the material is strongly secured both at the top and the bottom.  The use of a spillway flashing is optional.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,554: / Line 1,652: @@
 <li>All flanged vent and penetration flashings must be
 <ol>
-<li>flashed in with a self-adhering eave protection membrane ‘horseshoe’ as described in '''11.3.1 General'''.
+<li>flashed in with a self-adhering ''eave protection'' membrane ‘horseshoe’ as described in '''11.3.1 General'''.
 <li>located no closer to the ridge than 300 mm (12”), or two courses of shingles, whichever is greater.
 <li>secured to the roof deck:
@@ Line 1,593: / Line 1,691: @@
 ===Curbs===
 <ol>
-<li>All curbs incorporated into the Water-shedding system must be
+<li>All ''curbs'' incorporated into the ''Water-shedding System'' must be
 <ol>
-<li>no less than 150 mm (6”) in height above the roof deck.
+<li>no less than 150 mm (6”) in height above the roof ''deck''.
 <li>fully flashed with a self-adhered underlayment membrane, which must extend to the top of the curb. Where possible, the membrane should extend across the top of the curb and terminate on the vertical inside face.
 <li>flashed on all sides with the following metal flashings, which must be fabricated, seamed and secured in keeping with '''13.3 Application''':
@@ Line 1,618: / Line 1,716: @@
 <li>Only new step flashings are permitted (cloning is not allowed), and step flashings shall
 <ol>
-<li>extend at least 75 mm (3") downslope from the corner of a vertical surface (wall or curb) and have a 75 mm (3") head-lap above the shingle exposure.
+<li>extend at least 75 mm (3") downslope from the corner of a vertical surface (''wall'' or ''curb'') and have a 75 mm (3") head-lap above the shingle exposure.
 <li>be placed flush with the butt edge (bottom) of each asphalt shingle course.
 <li>fastened through the deck flange of the flashing with nails placed 50 mm (2") and 25 mm (1") in from the outside edge.
-<li>fold around the top face of a curb and extended upslope, behind and beneath the backpan.
+<li>fold around the top face of a ''curb'' and extended upslope, behind and beneath the backpan.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Where step flashings are used, a drainage path of no less than 6 mm (1/4”) and no more than 12 mm (1/2”) must be provided between the edge of the shingle and the vertical face of the step flashing
+<li>Where step flashings are used, a drainage path of no less than 6 mm (1/4”) and no more than 12 mm (1/2”) must be provided between the edge of the shingle and the vertical face of the step flashing.
 <li>Backpans must be installed to overlap step flashings, and must be fastened
 <ol>
-<li>into the curb through the flashing upstand.
+<li>into the ''curb'' through the flashing upstand.
-<li>into the roof deck along the top edge of the backpan, and 300 mm (12”) down from the top of the backpan, on either side.
+<li>into the roof ''deck'' along the top edge of the backpan, and 300 mm (12”) down from the top of the backpan, on either side.
 </li></ol>
-<li>Curbs with widths
+<li>''Curbs'' with widths
 <ol>
 <li>up to 900 mm (36”) must be flashed at the top with a backpan (see '''13.3.1 Fabrication''').
@@ Line 1,635: / Line 1,733: @@
 <ol>
 <li>is supported by rigid material to prevent metal distortion.
-<li>is integrated with the curb or chimney flashings.
+<li>is integrated with the ''curb'' or chimney flashings.
-<li>extends up-slope from the back of the curb, beneath the shingles and underlayment to a point at least 150 mm (6”) (when measured vertically) from the base of the curb.
+<li>extends up-slope from the back of the ''curb'', beneath the shingles and ''underlayment'' to a point at least 150 mm (6”) (when measured vertically) from the base of the ''curb''.
 <li>has flanges which lap under the metal curb flashing at least 50 mm (2”).
 <li>is closed at any seams with either of the following:
@@ Line 1,644: / Line 1,742: @@
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
-<li>over 1200 mm (48”) must be designed and constructed with a waterproofing membrane installed over a rigidly constructed cricket; the membrane must extend 150 mm (6”) laterally past the curb corner, and extend 75 mm (3”) down the face of the roof deck, overlapping shingles.  See Part 12 for built-in membrane gutters.  See also '''10.3.5.2.5 Dead Valleys and Valley Transitions'''.
+<li>over 1200 mm (48”) must be designed and constructed with a waterproofing membrane installed over a rigidly constructed cricket; the membrane must extend 150 mm (6”) laterally past the curb corner, and extend 75 mm (3”) down the face of the roof deck, overlapping shingles.  See '''Part 12''' for built-in membrane gutters.  See also '''10.3.5.2.5 Dead Valleys and Valley Transitions'''.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Shingles above the flange of a backpan or metal cricket must be installed
 <ol>
-<li>at least 50 mm (2”) up slope from the curb or cricket.
+<li>at least 50 mm (2”) up slope from the ''curb'' or cricket.
-<li>secured to the roof deck no less than 200 mm (8”) up slope from the curb or cricket.
+<li>secured to the roof ''deck'' no less than 200 mm (8”) up slope from the ''curb'' or cricket.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Masonry chimneys must incorporate counterflashings
 <ol>
 <li>that overlap the apron flashing, step flashings and backpan.
-<li>installed in a raked joint or cut reglet at least 25 mm (1”) deep and finished with sealant or mortar (see ''BCBC'' '''9.26.4.4 Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry''').
+<li>installed in a raked joint or cut reglet at least 25 mm (1”) deep and finished with sealant or mortar (see ''British Columbia Building Code, 9.26.4.4 Intersection of Shingle Roofs and Masonry'').
 </li></ol>
 <li>Skylights
@@ Line 1,674: / Line 1,772: @@
 <ol>
 <li>engineered for securement to the structure against wind uplift.
-<li>deck-mounted at least 150 mm (6 inches) from the finished roof surface (shingles).
+<li>deck-mounted at least 150 mm (6 inches) from the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding Assembly'' (shingles).
-<li>supported with hardware installed in keeping with the Standards for penetration flashings in Part 11.
+<li>supported with hardware installed in keeping with the Standards for penetration flashings in '''Part 11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS'''.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,684: / Line 1,782: @@
 ===Application===
 <ol>
-<li>All PV or solar water panels shall be installed in keeping with the Standards for penetration flashings in Part 11.
+<li>All PV or solar water panels shall be installed in keeping with the Standards for penetration flashings in '''Part 11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS'''.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,690: / Line 1,788: @@
 ===Design===
 <ol>
-<li>When a built-in membrane gutter adjoins a RoofStar-guaranteed water-shedding roof, the gutter waterproofing must be constructed by the roofing Contractor to be included by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''. Built-in membrane gutters that drain a roof not covered by a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' are not eligible for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
+<li>When a built-in membrane gutter adjoins a RoofStar-guaranteed ''Water-shedding System'', the gutter waterproofing must be constructed by the ''Contractor'' to be included by the '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''. Built-in membrane gutters that drain a roof not covered by a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''' are not eligible for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.
 <li>Insulated waterproofing assemblies that drain into a built-in gutter must abut solid blocking at the gutter edge that provides
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,719: / Line 1,817: @@
 <br>
 Cast drains must be installed according to the requirements set out in '''11.3.2 Roof Drains'''.
-<li>To qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', existing gutters should be redesigned if their capacity is undersized, but must nevertheless incorporate an overflow drain in keeping with the Standards in this Section.  Where the primary drain in an existing gutter is undersized for the capacity of the gutter, the primary drain must be replace with a properly sized drain.
+<li>To qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee''''', existing gutters should be redesigned if their capacity is undersized but must nevertheless incorporate an overflow drain in keeping with the Standards in this Section.  Where the primary drain in an existing gutter is undersized for the capacity of the gutter, the primary drain must be replace with a properly sized drain.
 <li>An overflow drain must be located at least
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,725: / Line 1,823: @@
 <li>25 mm (1”) below any mechanical fasteners used to secure the adjoining roof assembly.
 </li></ol>
-<li>For transitions between the built-in gutter and steep roof assemblies, refer to '''10.3.6 Junctions with Waterproofing Systems'''.
+<li>For transitions between the built-in gutter and ''Water-shedding Systems'', refer to '''10.3.6 Junctions with Waterproofing Systems'''.
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,734: / Line 1,832: @@
 <ol>
 <li>Single-ply non-bituminous membrane thickness must be no less than 1.524 mm (60 mil).
-<li>2-ply bituminous membranes must meet the minimum thickness requirements in '''9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection'''.
+<li>2-ply bituminous membranes must meet the minimum thickness requirements in '''9.2.1 Composition, Thickness and Selection''' ('''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards for SBS-Modified Bitumen Membrane Systems''''').
-<li>Reinforced PMMA liquid membrane systems approved for field use, applied on an accepted SBS-modified base membrane.
+<li>Reinforced PMMA liquid membrane systems approved for field use, applied on an accepted SBS-modified bitumen base membrane.
 </li></ol>
 <li>A metal gutter liner may be fabricated from
@@ Line 1,752: / Line 1,850: @@
 <ol>
 <li>installed perpendicular to the gutter length.
-<li>carried up an adjoining water-shedding assembly (measured vertically from the maximum water level)
+<li>carried up an adjoining ''Water-shedding System'' (measured vertically from the maximum water level)
 <ol>
 <li>at least 150 mm (6”).
 <li>at least 300 mm (12”) in regions with typical heavy snow.
 or to a point (when measured vertically) at least 600 mm (24”) from the inside face of the exterior wall of the building, whichever is greater.
-<li>lapped underneath the water-shedding system protection and underlayment materials (Note: when the gutter membrane is incompatible with the overlaying materials, a separation layer is required).
+<li>lapped underneath the ''Water-shedding System'' protection and ''underlayment'' materials (Note: when the gutter membrane is incompatible with the overlaying materials, a separation layer is required).
-<li>installed in keeping with Application requirements in this '''Manual'''.
+<li>installed in keeping with Application requirements in this ''Manual''.
 </li></ol>
 <li>Gutter membranes must be mechanically secured at their terminations, both on the outside of the gutter edge and on the roof field. Fasteners securing the membrane on the roof field must be placed at least 150 mm (6”) above the maximum water level. Securement fastener spacing shall be no more than 300 mm (12”) O.C.
-<li>Gutter drains and overflows must be installed in keeping with the design requirements outlined in ''Design'' above. Drain flanges that are bent to accommodate the side walls of the gutter must be mechanically fastened to the gutter wall before membrane application. Refer to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for roof drains in any of the waterproofing roof assembly '''''Guarantee Standards'''''.
+<li>Gutter drains and overflows must be installed in keeping with the design requirements outlined in '''12.2.1 Design''' above. Drain flanges that are bent to accommodate the side walls of the gutter must be mechanically fastened to the gutter wall before membrane application. Refer to the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for roof drains in the relevant ''Waterproofing System'' Standard.
 <li>A metal gutter liner
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,772: / Line 1,870: @@
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
-<li>When an adjoining water-shedding assembly is insulated (typically ASM only), the transition from gutter to the water-shedding assembly may require the use of tapered insulation incorporating a drainage plane between layers of tapered insulation. See [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/ASM_Details:E1.7.16_(Built-in_Gutter_Membrane_/_Underlayment_/_Vapour_Barrier_Transition) '''Construction Detail E1.7.16 Built-in Gutter'''] for an illustrated example.
+<li>When an adjoining ''Water-shedding System'' is insulated (typically ASM only), the transition from gutter to the ''Water-shedding System'' may require the use of tapered insulation incorporating a drainage plane between layers of tapered insulation. See [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php/ASM_Details:E1.7.16_(Built-in_Gutter_Membrane_/_Underlayment_/_Vapour_Barrier_Transition) '''Construction Detail E1.7.16 Built-in Gutter'''] for an illustrated example.
 </li></ol>
 </li></ol>
@@ Line 1,784: / Line 1,882: @@
 =METAL FLASHINGS=
 ==General==
-This Part pertains to linear metal flashings (different from penetration flashings), fabricated from sheet metal and designed to divert water away from the membrane flashing termination, usually onto the roof. The metal flashing also protects the membrane from weathering and damage, provides an aesthetic finish to the roof assembly. The metal flashing is not a waterproofing component.  Consequently, the roofing membrane should be continuous under the metal (see membrane flashing requirements under '''10 PERIMETERS and WALLS''' and '''11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS''').
+This Part pertains to ''linear metal flashings'' (different from penetration flashings), fabricated from sheet metal and designed to divert water away from the membrane flashing termination, usually onto the roof. The metal flashing also protects the membrane from weathering and damage, provides an aesthetic finish to the roof assembly. ''Linear metal flashings'' are not a waterproofing component but are integral to the water-shedding function of the roof system.  Refer also to '''Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS''' and '''Part 11 DRAINS and PENETRATIONS''').
-Linear metal flashings include, without limitation,
+''Linear metal flashings'' include, without limitation,
 *Coping (cap) flashing.
 *Counter-flashing.
@@ Line 1,795: / Line 1,893: @@
 ===Definitions===
-Refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for further definitions of key terms used in this '''Manual'''.
+Refer to the [http://rpm.rcabc.org/index.php?title=Glossary '''Glossary'''] for further definitions of key terms used in this ''Manual''.
 ===Design===
 <ol>
-<li>{{hilite | Linear metal flashings described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Furthermore, only new linear metal flashings may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing linear metal flashings is prohibited and may void the Guarantee.  See also '''1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations'''|| 2021-February-7 }}.
+<li>{{hilite | ''Linear metal flashings'' described in any Part of this Standard are considered necessary and integral to the scope of a Project designed and constructed to qualify for a '''''RoofStar Guarantee'''''.  Furthermore, only new ''linear metal flashings'' may be specified and installed; reuse of any existing ''linear metal flashings'' is prohibited and may void the ''Guarantee''.  See also '''1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations'''|| 2021-February-7 }}.
 <li>The ''Design Authority'' must specify
 <ol>
@@ Line 1,806: / Line 1,904: @@
 <li>method of attachment (concealed or exposed fasteners).
 </li></ol>
-<li>Design drawings must detail metal flashing profiles desired for the Project.
+<li>Design drawings must detail ''linear metal flashing'' profiles desired for the ''Project''.
-<li>Roof materials that are UV-sensitive must be protected with metal flashings.
+<li>Roof materials that are UV-sensitive must be protected with ''linear metal flashings''.
-<li>Where a water-shedding roof system adjoins a waterproofing roof system, metal flashings used at the adjoining details must conform to the standards applicable in Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS for the applicable waterproofing system.
+<li>5)	Where a ''Water-shedding System'' adjoins a ''Waterproofing System'', ''linear metal flashings'' used at the adjoining details must conform to the standards applicable in '''Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS''' for the applicable ''Waterproofing System''.
 <li>Where a parapet meets a water-shedding roof system, the parapet shall be waterproofed in accordance with the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Standards''''' for the applicable waterproofing system used on the parapet.  See also '''10.3.6 Junctions with Waterproofing Roof Assemblies'''.
-<li>For linear metal flashings applied to Waterproofing Roof Assemblies, see Part '''13 METAL FLASHINGS''' in the relevant membrane-specific Waterproofing Roof Systems Standards.
+<li>For ''linear metal flashings'' applied to ''Waterproofing Systems'', see '''Part 13 METAL FLASHINGS''' in the relevant ''Waterproofing System'' Standard.
 </ol></li>
@@ Line 1,816: / Line 1,914: @@
 ===Sheet Metal Grade and Gauge===
 <ol>
-<li>A mill certificate must be provided by the roofing contractor when requested by the ''Design Authority''.
+<li>A mill certificate must be provided by the ''Contractor'' when requested by the ''Design Authority''.
 <li>The following minimum gauges and / or weights of commonly used metals or alloys are acceptable for use in the '''''RoofStar Guarantee Program'''''.
 </ol></li>
 <br>
-::'''GALVANIZED STEEL''': 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26 gauge) galvanized steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A653 / A653M-06 CS Type B, Z275 (G90) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ASTM A924/A924M-06 ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").
+::'''GALVANIZED STEEL''': 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26-gauge) galvanized steel sheet, conforming to ''ASTM A653 / A653M-06'' CS Type B, Z275 (G90) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ''ASTM A924/A924M-06'' ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").
-::'''ALUMINUM – ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL''': 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26 gauge) aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheet, conforming to ASTM A792/A792M-06 CS Type B, AZM150 (AZ50) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ASTM A924/A924M-06 ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").
+::'''ALUMINUM – ZINC ALLOY COATED STEEL''': 0.50 mm (0.0196", 26-gauge) aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel sheet, conforming to ''ASTM A792/A792M-06'' CS Type B, AZM150 (AZ50) coating. Thickness tolerance as per ''ASTM A924/A924M-06'' ±0.08 mm (0.003") for sheet widths not exceeding 1500 mm (60").
-::'''ALUMINUM''': 0.80 mm (0.032", 20 gauge) aluminum sheet, utility quality to CSA HA Series - 1975, plain or embossed finish. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.06 mm (0.0025") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.
+::'''ALUMINUM''': 0.80 mm (0.032", 20-gauge) aluminum sheet, utility quality to ''CSA HA Series - 1975'', plain or embossed finish. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.06 mm (0.0025") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.
-::'''STAINLESS STEEL''': 0.38 mm (0.014", 28 gauge) stainless steel, Type 302, 304, 316, 2B finish to ASTM A167-82. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.04 mm (0.0015") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.
+::'''STAINLESS STEEL''': 0.38 mm (0.014", 28-gauge) stainless steel, Type 302, 304, 316, 2B finish to ''ASTM A167-82''. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.04 mm (0.0015") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.
-::'''COPPER''': 0.56 mm (0.022", 16 oz.) copper sheet, cold rolled roofing copper to ASTM B370-81. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.09 mm (0.0035") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.
+::'''COPPER''': 0.56 mm (0.022", 16 oz.) copper sheet, cold rolled roofing copper to ''ASTM B370-81''. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.09 mm (0.0035") based on 1200 mm (48") wide sheet.
-::'''ZINC''': 0.80 mm (0.031") zinc Sheet conforming to European standard EN 988-1996. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.03 mm (0.0012").
+::'''ZINC''': 0.80 mm (0.031") zinc Sheet conforming to ''European standard EN 988-1996''. Maximum thickness tolerance variation ± 0.03 mm (0.0012").
-::Specifying authorities should indicate the type and gauge of metal required, as well as the qualifying standards. The reference standard for gauges is USS REV (metric in mm).
+::The ''Design Authority'' should indicate the type and gauge of metal required, as well as the qualifying standards. The reference standard for gauges is USS REV (metric in mm).
 ===Pre-painted Finishes===
 <ol>
-<li>When a painted finish on metal flashing is specified, only SMP and PVDF pre-painted finishes are acceptable.  Where ''Architectural Metal Roofing'' is installed, adjoining flashings must have the same finish as the metal panels (PVDF).
+<li>When a painted finish on metal flashing is specified, only SMP and PVDF pre-painted finishes are acceptable.
+<li>Where an Architectural Sheet Metal System adjoins an Asphalt Shingle System, connecting ''Linear Metal Flashings'' must have the same finish as the metal panels (PVDF).
 </ol></li>
 <div id=AShMETALFASTENER></div>
@@ Line 1,842: / Line 1,941: @@
 ===Fasteners===
 <ol>
-<li>Nails are acceptable as fasteners, unless otherwise specified by the Design Authority or prohibited by the Standards in this Manual.
+<li>Nails are acceptable as fasteners, unless otherwise specified by the ''Design Authority'' or prohibited by the Standards in this ''Manual''.
-<li>All threaded fasteners used to secure metal flashings must be #8 corrosion-resistant screw or expansion fastener with a low-profile head, and must be compatible with both the metal flashing material and the substrate.
+<li>All threaded fasteners used to secure ''Linear Metal Flashings'' must be #8 corrosion-resistant screw or expansion fastener with a low-profile head, and must be compatible with both the metal flashing material and the substrate.
-<li>Cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers, used as exposed fasteners for metal flashing, must be No. 8 or larger, and must be made of metal compatible with, and corresponding in colour to, the flashing material.
+<li>Cladding fasteners (screws) with gasketed washers, used as exposed fasteners for metal flashing must be No. 8 or larger, and must be made of metal compatible with, and corresponding in colour to, the flashing material.
 <li>Blind rivets may be used for securing two metal flashings together.
 </ol></li>
@@ Line 1,869: / Line 1,968: @@
 ===Fabrication===
 <ol>
-<li><span class="recommended">Drip edges are not required, but strongly recommended for flashings around the outside perimeter of a building, in order to protect wall finishes.  When drip edges are used they must extend at least 12 mm (1/2”) from the vertical face</span>.
+<li><span class="recommended">''Drip edges'' are not required but are strongly recommended for flashings around the outside perimeter of a building, in order to protect wall finishes.  When ''drip edges'' are used they must extend at least 12 mm (1/2”) from the vertical face</span>.
-<li>Eave and Rake edge flashings ('''Figure 13.1''') must be fabricated with a
+<li>Eave and rake edge flashings ('''Figure 13.1''') must be fabricated with a
 <ol>
 <li>leg that extends onto the supporting deck surface at least 50 mm (2”).
@@ Line 1,889: / Line 1,988: @@
 <ol>
 <li>a centre diverter (W profile), folded to a maximum of 60° (degrees) on the inside angle of the divider, at least 25 mm (1”) in height.
-<li>double diverters, located 75 mm (3”) from the valley pan centreline, when a '''Steep Slope''' roof drains onto a '''Common Slope''' or '''Low Slope''' roof surface.
+<li>double diverters, located 75 mm (3”) from the valley pan centreline, when a ''Steep Slope'' roof drains onto a ''Common Slope'' or ''Low Slope'' roof surface.
 </ol></li>
 </ol></li>
@@ Line 1,903: / Line 2,002: @@
 <li>be at least
 <ol>
-<li>75 mm (3”) in height above the finished roof surface.
+<li>75 mm (3”) in height above the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding System''.
 <li>150 mm (6”) in length at the top of the vertical leg.
 </ol></li>
@@ Line 1,941: / Line 2,040: @@
 <li>Step flashings ('''Figure 13.6''') must be
 <ol>
-<li>at least 125 mm (5”) in height above the finished roof surface.
+<li>at least 125 mm (5”) in height above the surface of the ''Finished Water-shedding System''.
 <li>at least 100 mm (4”) in width.
 <li>at least 225 mm (9”) in length, or fabricated to match the shingle exposure plus 75 mm (3”), whichever is greater.
@@ Line 1,957: / Line 2,056: @@
 <ol>
 <li>150 mm (6") up vertical surfaces.
-<li>450 mm (18") up the slope of the roof deck (for roof slopes less than 1:3 (4” in 12”), follow the requirements for chimney saddles in ''BCBC'' '''9.26.4.8 (5) Chimney Saddles''').
+<li>450 mm (18") up the slope of the roof ''deck'' (for roof slopes less than 1:3 (4” in 12”), follow the requirements for chimney saddles in ''British Columbia Building Code'', ''9.26.4.8 (5) Chimney Saddles'').
-<li>100 mm (4") laterally past the curb corners and folded downslope at an angle, not cut.
+<li>100 mm (4") laterally past the ''curb'' corners and folded downslope at an angle, not cut.
 </ol></li>
 <li>with a capillary cut-out measuring between 3 mm (1/4”) and 6 mm (1/2”), notched into the bottom outside corner of each side extension.
@@ Line 1,985: / Line 2,084: @@
 ===Securement and Seams===
 <ol>
-<li>Unless otherwise stated in this Standard, all linear flashings (except step flashings)
+<li>Unless otherwise stated in this Standard, all ''linear metal flashings'' (except step flashings)
 <ol>
-<li>must be secured with at least two (2) fasteners, or with fasteners placed no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C. (see also '''10 PERIMETERS and WALLS''' or '''11 DRAINAGE and PENETRATIONS''').
+<li>must be secured with at least two (2) fasteners, or with fasteners placed no more than 450 mm (18”) O.C. (see also '''Part 10 PERIMETERS and WALLS''' or '''Part 11 DRAINAGE and PENETRATIONS''').
 <li>in protected locations may be secured with nails or threaded fasteners that penetrate the substrate at least 19 mm (3/4”).
 <li>in exposed locations must be secured with cladding fasteners.
@@ Line 1,993: / Line 2,092: @@
 <li>When nails are used to secure metal flashings, they must be
 <ol>
-<li>covered by other (wall or curb) materials, or by adjacent flashings, and may not be left exposed to the weather.
+<li>covered by other (''wall'' or ''curb'') materials, or by adjacent flashings, and may not be left exposed to the weather.
 <li>installed at least 25 mm (1”) above the bottom edge of expected wall or curb finishes.
 </ol></li>
@@ Line 2,003: / Line 2,102: @@
 <li>When hidden metal clips are specified, they must
 <ol>
-<li>be at fabricated from no less than 26 Gauge flat metal stock.
+<li>be at fabricated from no less than 26-gauge flat metal stock.
 <li>be fastened no more than 75 mm (3") from the return (connecting hook).
 <li>engage the flashing by no less than 12 mm (½").

Difference between revisions of "Asphalt Shingle Systems Standard"

Difference between revisions of "Asphalt Shingle Systems Standard"

Revision as of 17:53, 15 July 2020

Contents

1 GENERAL

1.1 References

1.2 Definitions

1.3 Design Considerations

1.3.1 [NOT USED]

1.3.2 [NOT USED]

1.3.3 High Snow Conditions

1.3.4 [NOT USED]

1.3.5 Hot Works: Design

1.3.6 Variances

1.4 Scope

1.4.1 New Construction

1.4.2 Replacement Roofing and Additions

1.4.3 Hot Works: Contractor Requirements

1.5 Workmanship

1.5.1 [NOT USED]

1.6 RoofStar Guarantee: Coverage and Limitations

2 SUPPORTING STRUCTURES: Decks and Walls

2.1 General

2.1.1 Definitions

2.1.2 Design

2.2 Roof Slope

2.3 Supporting Deck Types

2.3.1 General

2.3.2 Wood Decks

2.3.2.1 All Projects

2.3.2.2 Replacement Roofing

2.3.2.3 Steel Decks

2.4 [NOT USED]

2.5 [NOT USED]

2.6 Walls

2.6.1 General

2.6.2 Materials

2.7 Electrical Cables and Boxes

2.7.1 New Construction

2.7.2 Replacement Roofing

3 SECURING the ROOF ASSEMBLY

3.1 General

3.1.1 Design and Testing

3.2 Materials

3.2.1 Fasteners and Adhesives

3.3 Application

4 MATERIALS

4.1 Definitions

4.2 General

5 DECK and WALL OVERLAYS

5.1 General

5.1.1 Definitions

5.1.2 Design

5.2 Materials

5.3 Application

5.3.1 General

5.3.2 Steel Decks

5.3.3 Wood Decks

5.3.4 Walls

6 AIR and VAPOUR CONTROLS

6.1 General

6.1.1 Intent

6.1.2 Limitations and Exclusions

6.1.3 Air and Vapour Controls for High-Humidity Building Interiors

6.1.4 Attic Ventilation

6.2 Materials

6.2.1 Air and Vapour Controls

6.2.2 Air Vents

6.3 Application

6.3.1 Air and Vapour Controls

6.3.2 Air Vents

7 INSULATION

7.1 General

7.1.1 Definitions

7.1.2 Design

7.2 Materials

7.3 Application

7.3.1 Layering

7.3.2 Alignment, Sizing and Support

8 EAVE PROTECTION and UNDERLAYMENT